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Topic: Republican Left of Catalonia

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	ipedia.com: Catalonia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is a region and Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus and the most important and extensive territory of Catalan language and culture, but the norm in Catalonia is Catalan-Castilian bilingualism, and this is one of the first things the visitor notices upon entering the territory.
		The Spanish autonomous comunity of Catalonia borders on Valencia to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast.
	fav.ipedia.com /catalonia.html (1304 words)

	Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is a region and Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus and the most important and extensive territory of Catalan language and culture, but the norm in Catalonia is Catalan-Castilian bilingualism, and this is one of the first things the visitor notices upon entering the territory.
		The Spanish autonomous comunity of Catalonia borders on Valencia to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/ca/catalonia.html (1250 words)

	Catalonia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Aranese: Catalonha, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is an Autonomous Region in the north-east of Spain.
		Catalan is the official language of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy [1], in addition to Spanish, which is official in all of Spain as mandated by the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
		The Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia borders on Valencia to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Catalonia (2029 words)

	CATALONIA FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Catalonia was officially recognised as a 'nationality' in the Catalan_Statute_of_Autonomy enacted in 1979 pursuant to the Spanish_Constitution_of_1978.
		Catalonia is the original heartland of Catalan, and remains the most important and largest territory where the language is spoken.
		The Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia borders on Comunidad Valenciana to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean_Sea to the east and southeast.
	www.abait.com /Catalonia (2393 words)

	EiTB24::Portada
		Joan Saura, a leading member of Initiative for Catalonia, called the proposed reform "an unprecedented advance in self-government'' for the wealthy region of northeast Spain, which gained a large degree of self rule in 1978.
		The deal clinched over the weekend _ details have not been made public _ apparently drops a clause defining Catalonia as a "nation,'' a term approved by the Catalan regional parliament in September in a draft that has been at the heart of tough negotiations in the past few months in Madrid.
		The stance of another key Catalan party _ the openly pro-independence Republican Left of Catalonia _ is less clear.
	www.eitb24.com /portal/eitb24/noticia/eitb24-politics-republican-left-of-catalonia-to-meet-zapatero-over-statute?itemId=D7829&cl=/eitb24/politica&idioma=en (522 words)

	Republican Left of Catalonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC) is a left-of-centre political party that campaigns for independence for Catalonia and Catalan Countries from France and Spain.
		Esquerra became the leading force of the Popular Front in Catalonia and tried to maintain the unity of the Front in face of growing tensions between the POUM and Communists.
		The party has also federations in Balearic Islands and Northern Catalonia, and close tights with his brother party Republican Left of the Valencian Country in Land of Valencia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esquerra_Republicana_de_Catalunya (375 words)

	REPUBLICAN SPAIN
		He left the country with his family and appealed to the army for support in upholding the monarchy.
		The strike confirmed to the right that the left could not be trusted to abide by constitutional processes, and the suppression of the strike proved to the left that the right was "fascist." Azana accused Gil Robles of using republican institutions to destroy the republic.
		The Left Republicans, the PSOE, the Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya), the communists, a number of smaller regional and left-wing parties, and the anarchists, who had boycotted previous elections as a matter of principle, joined to present a single leftist slate to the electorate.
	countrystudies.us /spain/20.htm (1382 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On the left, the United Left (a coalition led by the Communist Party of Spain), lost four of its nine seats, but the leftwing Catalan party Republican Left of Catalonia gained seven seats.
		A feature of the result was the increased representation for the Republican Left of Catalonia, a minor left-wing party which has formed a coalition government with the PSOE in Catalonia.
		The Republican Left's leader, Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira, had recently held meetings with the Basque separatist group ETA in France, a revelation which had forced his exit from the recently formed Catalan regional government and had become a campaign issue in the general election.
	alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Spanish_legislative_election,_2004 (1172 words)

	josepsort: 11/01/2003 - 11/30/2003
		Rather, in Catalonia, it is seen as part of a determined effort to remain culturally distinct from the rest of Spain.
		The pro-independence Republican Left nearly doubled its 12 seats to 23 in the 135-member regional assembly, reflecting growing nationalist sentiment in the wealthy northeast region, which, together with the Basque country, enjoys the most autonomy among Spain’s 17 regions.
		Catalonia was the only one of the country's 17 regions to hold elections Sunday.
	josepsort.blogspot.com /2003_11_01_josepsort_archive.html (1832 words)

	Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Historically, Catalonia included the comarques (sg: comarca) of Vallespir, Conflent, Fenolleda, Capcir, Alta Cerdanya and Rosselló, which following the Treaty of the Pyrenees became under French administration and nowadays form part of the département of Languedoc-Roussillon (66).
		Catalan is the official language of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, in addition to Spanish, which is official in all of Spain as mandated by the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
		The situation is analogous with regards to written skills, with central Catalonia scoring the highest percentages (61.4%), and Barcelona the lowest (46.4%).
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ca/Catalonia.htm (1720 words)

	Permanent Exhibition / The MHC offers / Inici - Museu d'Història de Catalunya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the 12th century, the conquest of New Catalonia, the growing ties with Occitania and the dynastic union with Aragon strengthened the new state.
		Catalonia remained a state within the Habsburg Empire, which stretched across Europe and elsewhere in the world.
		Carlism, federal republicanism and protectionist campaigns were led by various social groups and were responses to the new political model.
	www.en.mhcat.net /oferta_museal/exposici_permanent (1195 words)

	Encyclopedia: Republican Left of Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		From the left: Mariano Rajoy, Josep PiquÃ© and JosÃ© MarÃa Aznar during the proclamation act of Josep PiquÃ© in September 2003 The Peoples Party (Spanish: Partido Popular) is a large conservative political party in Spain.
		This is organised into the three areas that give the organisation its name: Esquerra (commitment to social issues), RepÃºblica (commitment to the community) and Catalunya (commitment to the nation).
		In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms that refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially but not exclusively in the American sense of the word...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Republican-Left-of-Catalonia (1511 words)

	Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Generalitat is the institution of self-government in Catalonia.
		Unlike the autonomous communities of Navarre and the Basque Country, Catalonia lacks its own fiscal system; thus the economic sustainment of the regional administration depends almost entirely on funds raised by national-government taxation and budgeted to Catalonia.
		Catalan is one of the two official languages of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy [16] (http://www10.gencat.net/gencat/AppJava/cat/generalitat/estatut/index.jsp); the other is Castilian (Spanish), which is the majority language of Spain and official in all of Spain as laid down by the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Catalonia (3221 words)

	Catalonia at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is the core region of the area where Catalan is spoken, delimited by the Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) of the same name in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		The official name of the Government of Catalonia (including the Council, the Parliament and the President) is Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan) or Generalidad de Cataluña (in Spanish).
		At the regional elections held on November 16 2003, at which Pujol retired, the combined parties of the left defeated the CiU for the first time, and Pasqual Maragall i Mira became President of the Generalidad.
	wiki.tatet.com /Catalonia.html (1115 words)

	Spain's Catalonia region holds key election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		So all eyes were on the pro-independence party Republican Left of Catalonia, whose support would be needed by either big party to form a governing coalition.
		But Republican Left's candidate for regional president, Josep Lluis Carod, says he wants to lead the region peacefully to nationhood.
		She predicted victory for the Socialists, and maybe a coalition with Republican Left.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2003/11/16/international0726EST0437.DTL (409 words)

	Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is the core region of the area where Catalan is spoken, delimited by the Spanish autonomous region (comunitat autònoma) of the same name in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		The neighbouring Valencia region (Catalan: València), the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears), Andorra, and an adjacent area of Aragon (informally referred to as la Franja de Ponent) are closely associated with Catalonia historically and linguistically.
		The sardana is a circular, open dance, that originated in the Empordà region (north of the country by the Mediterranean sea and the Pyrenees (Catalan Pirineus), and is now danced in many squares and streets.
	www.portaljuice.com /catalonia.html (992 words)

	Al Qaida wins in Spain \| eTalkinghead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The upset came as many who didn't plan on voting were driven to the polls to show their dissatisfaction with government support of the U.S.-led Iraq war.
		The Spanish elections have revealed a startling change of government after the terrorist attacks Thursday which left 200 dead and 1500 wounded.
		The United Left came away with 5 %, the Catalan Regional Party 3 %, and the Republican Left of Catalonia 2.5%.
	www.etalkinghead.com /archives/al-qaida-wins-in-spain-2004-03-15.html (310 words)

	CNN.com - Tight race in Spain's Catalonia - Nov. 16, 2003
		Catalonia, Spain's economic engine in the northeast with 20 percent of the country's gross domestic product, and the Basque region, also in the north, have the most autonomy of Spain's 17 regions.
		Turnout as of 1:00 p.m., seven hours before they were to close, stood at 26.2 percent, up from 24.2 percent at the same stage in the last election, in 1999, the Catalan government said.
		Ivonne Planas, a 36-year-old English teacher, said the outgoing Pujol government was obsessed by Catalonia's relations with Madrid rather than deal with the nuts and bolts of self-rule.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/11/16/spain.catalanelecti.ap (501 words)

	Spain after the Madrid bombings
		The background is that the leader of the ERC [Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, or Catalan Republican Left] in Catalonia, Josep Lluis Carod-Rovira, had met with ETA some time ago to try to negotiate.
		The biggest party to left of the Socialist Party, the United Left, was established after the big campaign against NATO in the beginning of the 1980s, as an alliance between the Communist Party and the far-left parties.
		The United Left has to continue to work with them, but at the same time continue to build a strong left tendency to prepare for the second stage of this process, when the expectations of these new voters will start to be in conflict with the policies of the Socialists.
	www.socialistworker.org /2004-1/493/493_08_Spain.shtml (1303 words)

	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first program of the new political party was passed in an assembly of 40 people, on July 20th de that same year.
		Although the PSOE was rather weak during the late 1800s, its active participation in strikes from 1899 to 1902 and especially its electoral coalition with the main Republican parties led in 1910 to the election of Pablo Iglesias as the first Socialist representative in the Spanish Cortes.
		On 13th November 2003 the PSOE won the regional election in Catalonia, through a pact with Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia, ERC, left-wing independentist) and Iniciativa per Catalunya (Initiative for Catalonia, ICV, left-wing).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PSOE (1186 words)

	CATALONIA: Left vote jumps as regime holds on
		The biggest loser in the November 13 Catalan regional election was the Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC), the Catalan sister organisation of the social-democratic Socialist Workers Party of Spain (PSOE).
		Instead, in the increasingly polarised and differentiated society that is Catalonia today, the PSC lost 160,000 votes — to Catalan nationalists and to the left.
		The ERC is insisting on an alliance between itself, the CiU and the PSC on the basis of an agreement to renegotiate Catalonia's statute of autonomy with the Spanish state.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2003/564/564p20b.htm (769 words)

	Inside Europe: Iberian Notes
		Josep Lluis Carod-Rovira, number two in the Catalan regional government and leader of the Republican Left of Catalonia political party, has admitted that he met secretly with the leaders of ETA, "Mikel Antza" (Mikel Albizu) and "Josu Ternera" (Josu Urrutikoetxea) in Perpignan, France, on January 3 and 4 of this year.
		Even nastier: The pro-centralist Spanish nationalist daily ABC, the guys with the scoop on this one, says that what Carod was trying to negotiate was an agreement that ETA would not attack in Catalonia, in exchange for the goodwill and assistance of the Republican Left.
		See, the Socialists are the Republican Left's senior partner in the new Catalan administration, and they can be blamed as those responsible for bringing Carod into a position of political power.
	www.iberiannotes.blogspot.com /2004/01/oh-boy-oh-boy-oh-boy.html (708 words)

	Eta declares Catalonia ceasefire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Catalunya Radio broadcast a statement from Eta on Wednesday which said the group "had ceased all its activities in the region as of 1 January, 2004 with the aim of uniting ties between the Basque and Catalan peoples on the basis of respect, non-interference and solidarity".
		Eta decided to carry out attacks in Catalonia against Spanish and French state interests in the region in the 1980s, the message said, but the political situation had now changed.
		He also criticised the Republican Left of Catalonia party Josep Lluis Carod-Rovira for negotiating with the group.
	discuss.agonist.org /yabbse/index.php?board=1;action=display;threadid=17211 (499 words)

	Read about Republican Left of Catalonia at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Republican Left of Catalonia and learn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC) is a left-of-centre political party that campaigns for independence for Catalonia from
		Generalitat) were arrested and jailed for this, and special autonomy laws for Catalonia suspended until 1936.
		Esquerra became the leading force of the Popular Front in Catalonia and tried to maintain the unity of the Front in face of growing tensions between the POUM and
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia (376 words)

	JOSÃ© LUIS RODRÃGUEZ ZAPATERO FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		His paternal grandfather, Juan_RodrÃguez_Lozano, was a Freemason and a Republican captain who was executed by the Nationalists during the Spanish_Civil_War, when Zapatero's father was eight years old.
		Zapatero was reelected secretary general with 68% of the ballots in the 7th Regional Conference held in (July 1994).
		On November_16, 2003 a regional election was held in Catalonia.
	www.19gmarketinggroup.com /Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero (5059 words)

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