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Topic: Reservoirs and dams in Canada

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List of reservoirs and dams

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	Reservoirs and dams in Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of water reservoirs and dams in Canada.
		Smallwood Reservoir, Churchill Falls generating station, largest capacity in North America (5,248 MW installed, expandable to 9,252 MW)
		Ossokmanuan Reservoir, Twin Falls generating station (diverted to Churchill Falls in 1974)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reservoirs_and_dams_in_Canada (120 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dam
		Dams may be classified according to structure, intended purpose or height.
		Rock-fill dams are embankments of loose rock with either a watertight upstream face of concrete slabs or timber or a watertight core.
		Earth dams, also called earthen and earth-fill dams, are constructed as a simple homogeneous embankment of well-compacted earth, sometimes with a watertight concrete or clay core or upstream face, or sometimes with a hydraulic fill to produce a watertight core.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dam (1795 words)

	Dams and Diversions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dams are barriers constructed across watercourses to impound flows; diversions convey water from many of the resulting impoundments or RESERVOIRS by means of CANALS, ditches or pipelines for use elsewhere in the same or in other drainage basins.
		Dams and diversions serve a wide range of WATER needs in Canada, including provision of water supplies for IRRIGATION, power generation, flood protection, maintenance of navigation levels and recreation, municipal and industrial uses.
		Canada has so much natural storage of water in lakes that artificial storage gained by creating new reservoirs or enlarging existing lakes remains small by comparison; but it has grown to cover an area about the size of Lake ONTARIO.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0010169 (1308 words)

	Dams, Reservoirs and Flow Regulation
		In Canada and throughout the world, dams have been constructed to reduce risks associated with flood hazards, to harness energy for industry and commerce, and to help secure a reliable source of water for domestic, industrial and/or agricultural use.
		Demands in Canada are typically at a maximum during winter and at a minimum during summer, a direct contrast to the natural seasonal availability of water over most regions, which is characterized by spring/summer maxima in runoff and winter minima (except in west coastal systems).
		For instance, in hypolimnetic discharge reservoirs, water is released at depth and is cooler in summer and warmer in winter than unregulated flow at the same location prior to reservoir formation.
	www.cciw.ca /threats2full/ch2-1-e.html (2572 words)

	The Atlas of Canada - Significant Canadian Facts
		Canada's area is the second largest in the world (after Russia which has a total area of 17 075 000 square kilometres).
		Approximately 40% of Canada's landmass and freshwater is north of 60 degrees North latitude.
		The area of Canada north of the treeline is 2 728 800 square kilometres or 27.4% of the total area of the country.
	atlas.gc.ca /site/english/learningresources/facts/supergeneral.html (912 words)

	Travel to Canada - Technical travel information
		Canada’s general climatic conditions range from the extreme cold characteristic of the Arctic regions that lie within the Frigid Zone to the moderate temperatures of more southerly latitudes found in the North Temperate Zone of the mainland.
		Although Canada is the world’s second largest country in area, 90 percent of its population is concentrated along the border with the United States and in a few major southern cities.
		Canada was the first industrialized country to ratify the 1992 United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity and proceeded to rapidly formulate its own national biodiversity strategy, emphasizing sustainable resource use and incentives and legislation to promote biodiversity.
	amerikaventure.com /fiches_info/Canada.html (2271 words)

	COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN - DAMS AND SALMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dams clearly have had a significant impact, particularly those that eliminated access to fresh water habitat (preventing adult fish from returning to spawn), and those through which fish passage is provided but at reduced levels from natural conditions.
		The dams impede juvenile and adult migrations to and from the ocean by their physical presence and by creating reservoirs.
		Another means of diverting fish from the turbines as they approach a dam is to spill water and juvenile fish over the dam spillways, rather than putting the water through the powerhouse to produce electricity.
	www.nwd.usace.army.mil /ps/colrvbsn.htm (1846 words)

	[No title]
		Water stagnates in the reservoir's backwaters for years before reaching the dam's hydroelectric turbines, which have a piffling generating capacity of 112 megawatts.
		Reservoirs thus magnify the greenhouse effect of the rotting of a significant amount of the Earth's vegetation.
		Including reservoir gases could make it harder for them to meet targets for cutting emissions agreed in the Kyoto Protocol three years ago, and due to be finalised in The Hague in November.
	www.rivernet.org /general/dams/greenhouse.htm (1434 words)

	Dams and Reservoirs (from flood control) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		By emptying a dam before a flood is expected, storage space is obtained in which the flood waters can be impounded for gradual release later.
		Hoover Dam is the highest concrete arch dam in the United States.
		The dam is located on the Columbia River about 597 miles (961 kilometers) upstream from the Pacific Ocean and 88 miles (142 kilometers) west of Spokane.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-200836 (823 words)

	Dams and reservoirs (from Nile River) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In 1843 it was decided to build a series of diversion dams (barrages or weirs) across the Nile at the head of the delta about 12 miles downstream from Cairo, so as to raise the level of water upstream to supply the irrigation canals and to regulate navigation.
		The reservoir that it created, Lake Nasser, is one of the world's largest—1,930 square miles (5,000 square kilometers) in area, with a capacity of 137 million acre-feet (169 billion cubic meters).
		The Grand Coulee Dam is the main component of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project, a vast irrigation, flood control, and recreation project in central Washington State.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-37080 (912 words)

	Upper Thames River Conservation Authority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fanshawe, Wildwood and Pittock Reservoirs were designed to control downstream flooding and, in the case of Wildwood and Pittock, to increase summer stream flows.
		Wildwood Dam, completed in 1965, and Pittock Dam, completed in 1967, were both built to assist in reducing flood damages in downstream communities and to improve flows.
		This means that more water is released from the reservoirs than enters them, resulting in a steady drop in water levels from mid June to December.
	www.thamesriver.on.ca /Parks/reservoirs_and_recreation.htm (499 words)

	Amphibians and Reptiles in Great Lakes Wetlands: Threats and Conservation – Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario ...
		The Eastern Spiny Softshell (Apalone spiniferus) is one of the rarest turtles in Canada.
		Snapping Turtles are a common inhabitant of wetlands in southeastern Canada and they eat a variety of foods including insects, other amphibians and reptiles, crayfish, birds and their eggs, and especially fish and plants.
		The Royal Botanical Gardens and Environment Canada, supported by the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund, are attempting to restore a diverse community of emergent and submergent vegetation by excluding carp from the marsh, and by re-introducing some native species of emergent vegetation through a planting program.
	www.on.ec.gc.ca /wildlife/factsheets/fs_amphibians-e.html (5759 words)

	List of reservoirs and dams - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The List of reservoirs and dams is a link page for any reservoir or dam in the world.
		Lokka reservoir (Lokan tekojärvi) area 216-417 km² (regulated volume 1,444 million m³)
		Malpasset Dam, collapsed in 1959, killing over 400 people in and around Fréjus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams (146 words)

	Science, Politics and Dams in Canada
		Since that time, dam projects have been subject to extensive environmental studies, intended to predict their impacts on the environment, and to identify means of mitigating these impacts.
		Engineering expertise, always essential to dam projects, was now condemned for its narrow perspective, and its failure to consider the significance of water in the landscape.
		Millions of dollars were spent by the James Bay Development Corporation or by the James Bay Energy Corporation, on studies of the physical, chemical and biological features of reservoirs, rivers, and James Bay itself, and on ecosystem models intended to link this information together, to predict future environmental conditions in the region.
	www.idsnet.org /Resources/Dams/Canadian/can-poli-sci.html (1625 words)

	Dams and Development: An Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dams have been promoted as an important means of meeting perceived needs for water and energy services and as long-term, strategic investments with the ability to deliver multiple benefits.
		Dams, it is argued, have often been selected over other options that may meet water or energy goals at lower cost or that may offer development benefits that are more sustainable and more equitable.
		Using the information on the performance of large dams collected in the WCD Knowledge Base, the Commission's report shows that there is considerable scope for improving the selection of projects and the operation of existing large dams and their associated infrastructure.
	www.dams.org /report/wcd_overview.htm (10553 words)

	96 Dam Nation: Reservoirs of Controversy, Michael Zuzel, Intellectual Capital.com
		More than 200 dams on the river and its tributaries have turned the Columbia into a chain of slackwater reservoirs -- placid, predictable, closely monitored and tightly controlled, as domesticated as a dairy cow and just about as attractive.
		Monolithic river plugs such as Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia were touted as shining examples of American ingenuity and technological prowess.
		The University of Wisconsin studied the impact of dams and also came to the conclusion that dam removal is best for the environment.
	www.bluefish.org /damnatin.htm (1321 words)

	River Revival Bulletin No. 20
		A pipeline leading from the dam was wrecked in a 1996 flood, rendering the dam useless except in making it difficult or impossible for salmon to spawn in most of the creek.
		The accumulated muck behind the dam will be given a month to dry out in the hopes that it will reduce the amount of muck that escapes downstream, preventing potential coverage of gravel fish-spawning beds as well as habitat of mussels and aquatic insects.
		Attempts have been made to generate public support for restoration of the dam, as the dam is related to the community's milling history dating to the 1850's.
	www.irn.org /revival/decom/bulletins/rrb20.html (2867 words)

	Dams and Development Project
		These fundamentals common to the all mankind have been formulated in relation to dam engineering in the form of three basic requirements for assessment of their feasibility: economic practicability, environmental sustainability and solving of the social problems of project-affected population.
		We think that the type of the dam can be selected by qualified experts as being done in Russia basing on the results of appraisal but not on the outcome of public debates which are biased and unprofessional.
		If in any country a dam falls short of the design targets, it is not the dam fault, but incompetence of the agency which designed the dam.
	www.unep.org /dams/documents?documentid=477 (2769 words)

	GRCA - Cottage Lot Program - -
		These two reservoirs were built to help the GRCA fulfill its important responsibilities to the people of the watershed: flood protection, protecting water quality and ensuring water supplies for downstream users, including municipal water systems.
		The Shand Dam and the Conestogo Dam were projects undertaken by the Grand River Conservation Commission, one of the forerunners of today's GRCA.
		Much of the money to build and maintain the dams came from municipal taxpayers living downstream of the reservoirs, which is still true today.
	www.grandriver.ca /index/document.cfm?Sec=54&Sub1=1 (558 words)

	Unsafe Dams? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Canadian Dam Safety Association (CDSA) was founded to advance the implementation of practices that ensure the safe operation of dams in Canada.
		During each inspection performed by FERC staff, dam safety and operation and maintenance aspects are evaluated, as well as public safety matters and environmental requirements and conditions covered by FERC dam safety regulations and license requirements.
		The province monitors dam and dyke owners to ensure that they are discharging their responsibility to maintain safe structures.
	www.ijc.org /php/publications/html/safedam/find.html (2005 words)

	Dam-Reservoir Impact & Information Archive: DRIIA; peer-reviewed, grey literature, bibliographic and other information ...
		Yes, they know how to build and run reservoirs and power stations but that hardly makes them experts on the agricultural, hydrological, ecological, oceanographic (yes - reservoirs have effects on the deltas and estuaries!), seismic, environmental, socio-economic and even cultural impacts.
		Dams in the Northern Hemisphere have even been shown by a NASA geophysicist to be speeding the earth's rate of rotation, as well as altering Earth's magnetic field.
		Because one of the biggest problems with hydroelectric reservoirs is that they cause methyl mercury contamination of food fish and aquatic habitats and creatures at both hydro sites and wherever the critters and the water migrate.
	www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca /dams (3893 words)

	Freshwater Website: Publications - FSA-5: Groundwater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Contamination problems are increasing in Canada primarily because of the large and growing number of toxic compounds used in industry and agriculture.
		In rural Canada, scientists suspect that many household wells are contaminated by substances from such common sources as septic systems, underground tanks, used motor oil, road salt, fertilizer, pesticides, and livestock wastes.
		In Canada, pollution of surface water by groundwater is probably at least as serious as the contamination of groundwater supplies.
	www.ec.gc.ca /water/en/info/pubs/FS/e_FSA5.htm (4489 words)

	Mississippi Cabin Rentals & Cottage Rental, Cottage Canada - USA
		Away from the levees the land is often swampy, and floods were frequent until recent years, when reservoirs and channel improvements reduced the problem.
		The chief lakes in the state are all artificially created reservoirs behind dams.
		The largest lakes include Arkabutla Lake, on the Coldwater River, a tributary of the Tallahatchie; Sardis Lake, on the Tallahatchie; Enid Lake, on the Yocona River, a tributary of the Tallahatchie; Grenada Lake, on the Yalobusha; and Ross Barnett Reservoir, on the Pearl River.
	www.cottage-canada-usa.com /mississippi.htm (977 words)

	Planet Ark : Canada govt study shows possible huge Kyoto costs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Canada govt study shows possible huge Kyoto costs
		OTTAWA - Implementing the Kyoto protocol could cost Canada as much as 240,000 jobs and C$21 billion ($13 billion) a year in lost economic output under one scenario advanced last week by the federal government.
		It was the most drastic of four possibilities outlined by the government as it grapples with how to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, believed by many scientists to be responsible for global warming.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/18157/story.htm (666 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Environment - current issues
		water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization
		air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere
		air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; very limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2032.html (4181 words)

	Ed Rogers Rare & Out of Print Books - Rare Paleontology Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The title is taken from Aristotle's Organum, meaning "logical works", and was radical departure from the traditional method of scientific inquiry.
		This work, along with the rest of his published and unpublished philosophical writings, can be seen as part of his grandiose plan to reorganize the sciences.
		The purpose of this set is to help exploration and development geologists become more effective by increasing their awareness of the ways oil and gas are trapped, and to serve as a reference for the fields described in each volume as well as the basins in which they occur.
	www.geology-books.com /newcatalog.html (15341 words)

	RST - Dams & Reservoirs
		RST Instruments Ltd. has successfully supplied dam monitoring instruments for the Ralco Dam in Chile.
		which is the largest RCC dam in South America.
		See why the Diavik™ Diamond Mines Project called upon the expertise of RST Instruments to supply and install a variety of sensors and geotechnical instrumentation for this expansive $1.3 billion undertaking.
	www.rstinstruments.com /dams.html (69 words)

	Sustainable Energy - WWW Links
		Aboriginal Peoples and Natural Resources in Canada Explores the constraints and opportunities which aboriginal people encounter in their efforts to use renewable and non-renewable resources.
		Canada's Voluntary Challenge and Registry is a multi-sectir effort to control atmospheric emissions voluntarily.
		APPrO, PO Box 1084 Station F, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 2T7 Canada.
	www.appro.org /links.html (6229 words)

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