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Topic: Reservoirs and dams in Germany

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	DAMS : Encyclopedia Entry
		Timber dams were widely used in the early part of the industrial revolution and in frontier areas due to ease and speed of construction.
		The locations where timber dams are most economical to build are those where timber is plentiful, cement is costly or difficult to transport, and either a low head diversion dam is required or longevity is not an issue.
		A steel dam is a type of dam briefly experimented with in around the turn of the 19th-20th century which uses steel plating (at an angle) and load bearing beams as the structure.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Dams (3061 words)

	Dams and Development Project
		It was to conduct a rigorous, independent review of the development effectiveness of large dams, assess alternatives for water resources and energy development, and develop internationally acceptable criteria, guidelines and standards for the planning, design, appraisal, construction, operation, monitoring and decommissioning of dams.
		The preparatory conference in December 2001 in Germany followed by the World Summit on Sustainable Development due to be held in mid-late 2002 in South Africa should endorse the implementation of the Recommendations at national and international levels as part of overall development strategies.
		Where dams are constructed in future, sufficient attention should be paid in advance taking into consideration of the cumulative impacts in entire basin, to rehabilitating or compensating lost ecosystem functions and habitats, and to the social impacts of dams.
	www.unep.org /dams/documents/?documentid=442 (1934 words)

	International Water Power and Dam Construction
		Germany’s dams were intended to level the drain of water in the small rivers of Sauerland, Silesia, Saxony and Thuringia, creating an energy source for rapidly growing industrial areas as well as ensuring drinking water for regions with scarce water supplies, such as Ruhrgebiet.
		The Bigge reservoir in North Rhine-Westphalia is used to lower the level of the Lenne river by 2m at Altena, and proves to be a valuable tool in protecting the town from flooding every year.
		The reservoir is situated between the cities of Attondorn and Olpe in the valley of the Bigge river — a tributary of the Lenne river which leads in to the Ruhr, upstream from the Hengstey impounding.
	www.waterpowermagazine.com /story.asp?sc=2009188 (1173 words)

	UN Chronicle \| Dams and Development: Harnessing Collective Energies
		Dams have been built for thousands of years - to manage flood waters, harness water as hydropower, supply water for drinking and the industry, and irrigate fields.
		Today, there are over 45,000 large dams in the world; one third of all countries rely on hydropower for more than half their electricity supply, and large dams generate 19 per cent of electricity overall.
		Large dams have led to the loss of forests and wildlife habitat and of aquatic biodiversity of upstream and downstream fisheries.
	www.un.org /Pubs/chronicle/2001/issue3/0103p50.html (1303 words)

	DAMS, FISH AND FISHERIES- Opportunities, challenges and conflict resolution
		Engineering economics dictate that reservoirs be constructed with a high ratio of reservoir volume to dam volume, and thus reservoirs are preferably built in narrow, steeply sloped reaches that have broad valleys branching upstream.
		Reservoir banks are also subjected to attack by both wind itself and waves generated by wind or power boats, which tend to remove this material and undercut the banks.
		Thus, water from reservoirs positioned high in the watershed may be released during spawning periods or periods of low flow to improve flow and flooding and improve downstream habitat conditions and fish passage.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y2785E/y2785e04.htm (13304 words)

	Dams & Structures
		Dams and reservoirs have been built in nearly all mountainous areas of the Danube Basin; while navigation channels, dykes and irrigation networks are more widespread in the lowlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Danube.
		The reservoirs have a total volume of 3.2 billion m³, and a total length of 270 km.
		The dam is located near an area that used to form one of the region's largest wetlands.
	www.icpdr.org /icpdr-pages/dams_structures.htm (1224 words)

	DTK :: Sieber, H.-U., Glasebach, H.-J. - THE IMPORTANCE OF DAMS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION IN SAXONY ...
		This corresponds to a "dam density" of 1 dam/160 km².
		Whereas the demolition area was nor-mally equal to the reservoir area, the demolition area usually needed to be ex-tended to the so-called "drinking-water protection area I" with drinking-water res-ervoirs.
		The construction of 114 dams and reservoirs (H> 5 m and V>100,000 m³) in Saxony is connected to the constantly rising demand of water since the beginning of the industrial revolution at the end of the 19.
	talsperrenkomitee.de /german_research/index.cgi/page/article/article_id/5 (5694 words)

	Water Resources eAtlas - Watersheds of the World
		River fragmentation, which is the interruption of a river’s natural flow by dams, inter-basin transfers, or water withdrawal, is an indicator of the degree to which rivers have been modified by humans.
		Dams disconnect rivers from their floodplains and wetlands and slow water velocity in riverine systems, converting them to a chain of connected reservoirs.
		Inventories of dams and the degree of flow regulation in each of the selected river systems were carried out and the results combined into a fragmentation index (strongly affected, moderately affected, and unaffected).
	www.iucn.org /themes/wani/eatlas/html/gm14.html (670 words)

	DTK :: Giesecke, J. - DAMS AND FLOOD CONTROL-SYSTEMS OF DETENTION RESERVOIRS IN SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY (German Dam ...
		The dam of 240 m length and up to 9.8 m in height is founded on impermeable marl, and its crest width is 7.0 m.
		The radial gate in the dam outlet structure is completely open, and the radial gate drive is disconnected during normal operation of the basin.
		There are no differences to the conventional impounding reservoirs with respect to aspects of planning, construction, operation, maintenance and security, except the fact being temporarily used for flood retention by normally empty, i.
	talsperrenkomitee.de /german_research/index.cgi/page/article/article_id/18 (4909 words)

	UNCW "Troubled Waters" ~ Resources: Dams & Reservoirs
		The reservoir supplies 10% of New York City’s water and is the largest body of water in the Bronx.
		Initially, the dam was to regulate the flow on the river and to store water for irrigation, industrial and residential uses.
		Dams Removed, Dams Relicensing, The truth about Dams and Dam Breaching are just a few of the areas to explore.
	www.uncw.edu /troubledwaters/resource_dams.htm (4708 words)

	Notes to Bonn conference on Dams and GHG - WCD Speeches
		For Brazil, of ten dams studied, emissions vary from dam to dam with a 500-fold difference between lowest and highest.
		The lowest emissions are similar to Canadian lakes and reservoirs, the highest gross emissions may be in the same range as thermal energy plants.
		The observed GHG emissions from the reservoir surface.
	www.dams.org /news_events/speech6.htm (613 words)

	Deccan Herald - India's dams major contributor to global warming: Study
		The "fuel" for emission of greenhouse gases from the dams is the rotting of the vegetation and soils flooded by reservoirs, and of the organic matter (plants, plankton, algae, etc.) that flows into it.
		The gases are released at the reservoir surface, at turbines (of hydropower projects) and spillways, and downstream of the dam.
		The methane emission from India 's dams is estimated at 27.86 per cent of the methane emission from all the arge dams of the world, which is more than the share of any other country of the world.
	www.deccanherald.com /Content/May202007/national200705202755.asp?section=updatenews (797 words)

	FlightSim.Com Review: The Dam Busters
		After the Dams Raid proved Wallis' theories, his "big bomb" concept was re-awakened, the now-proven Lancaster being capable of carrying initially a scaled-down 6-ton version (Tallboy) and eventually (with further modification) the full 10-ton version (Grand Slam).
		Other landmarks around the reservoirs, such as the bridges across the Möhne lake, and Waldeck Castle near the Eder (which was used as an important visual reference on the raid), are conspicuous by their absence from the scenery.
		Several minor dams in the Ruhr area were identified as secondary targets for 617 to attack on the same night (one of these was actually attacked by one of the reserve aircraft), but none of these dams are included in the package.
	www.flightsim.com /cgi/kds/main/review/damb.htm (3017 words)

	The Annotated Ramsar List: Germany
		The site consists of an artificial reservoir formed by the damming of the Isar River and 30 adjacent fishponds used for carp breeding and is surrounded by agricultural land.
		The banks of the reservoir are mostly devoid of vegetation, although part of the southern shoreline is composed of a succession from reedbeds to woodland.
		Two separate reservoirs with sandbanks and mudflats, created by the damming of the Danube and Lech rivers to provide electricity and a water supply.
	www.ramsar.org /profile/profiles_germany.htm (2593 words)

	International Rivers Network: Rivers, Dams and Climate Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Hydropower lobbyists are promoting dams as "climate-friendly," hoping that the potentially huge sums of money to be generated through carbon trading will give the dam-building industry a much-needed boost.
		Yet a growing body of evidence indicates that dams and reservoirs are globally significant sources of emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and, in particular, methane.
		Large dams may be one of the single most important contributors to global warming, releasing 104 million metric tonnes of methane each year—more than four percent of the total warming impact of all human activities.
	www.irn.org /programs/greenhouse (812 words)

	-- Press Releases December 2001 - Felling of Forests Adding to World's Water Shortages as Dams Fill up With Silt - ...
		The demand for water is rising, not falling, as the population of the planet climbs from six billion today to an estimated 10 billion by 2050.
		Mr Toepfer said the issue of dwindling capacity of reservoirs was one piece in the puzzle of delivering sufficient quantities of clean water to the world's people.
		The report also highlights some management techniques that can restore some of the storage capacity of reservoirs including a method known as flushing in which flood waters due to heavy rains or melt waters from mountains are used to sweep debris, mud and silt out of the reservoir downstream.
	www.unep.org /Documents/Default.asp?DocumentID=227&ArticleID=2966 (1148 words)

	World's Water Storage Capacity Shrinking as Dams Silt Up
		Speaking to the Bonn International Conference on Freshwater, UNEP Executive Director Klaus Toepfer said that siltation is reducing the capacity of the world's reservoirs to hold water, a result that is hastened by the clearcutting of forests.
		Based in South Africa, the Dams and Development Project, known as the DDP Unit, is a follow up to the work of the World Commission on Dams, publisher of an in-depth report on the environmental impact of large dams in November 2000.
		Jeremy Bird, interim coordinator of the DDP Unit, said next week, a meeting in Prague, Czech Republic, they would be looking at how to improve the performance of reservoirs and dams across a wide range of functions from agriculture to power generation.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/dec2001/2001-12-04-03.asp (647 words)

	Planet Ark : India's Emissions May be Higher Due to Dams - Study
		The dams have also been used to help power industry and bring electricity to some of the country's 1.1 billion people, most of whom live in villages.
		Activists said India's dam emissions were a serious concern and urged the government to conduct its own investigation.
		"Dams are always considered to be a clean source of energy but can we really call them clean when they are contributing so much to global warming?" asked Himanshu Thakkar from the South Asia Network on dams, rivers and people.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/42853/story.htm (736 words)

	Dams damned for fuelling floods : HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Thakker said 13 dams in south, west and central India were between 20 per cent and 77 per cent full prior to the rains, when their capacity levels should have been between five and 10 per cent.
		In Maharashtra, as many as 10 dams released water in the space of just 24 hours, bringing "into question the efficacy of dams which are built ostensibly to control floods and alleviate drought".
		"Had we released the water in the reservoirs, we would have faced acute drinking water shortages in 12 of the 23 districts," said an official from the state's irrigation department, who did not want to be identified.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/181_1766568,0004.htm (645 words)

	Oxfam America: World Committee on Dams Report: Oxfam Responds
		Oxfam America welcomes the report of the World Commission on Dams, whose findings confirm Oxfam's long held concerns that the poorest rural people rarely benefit from large dam construction and that more often than not, dams actually bring greater poverty to the people most in need of improvement to their lives.
		During the 1980s a staggering $4 billion a year was spent on dam construction, and to date the building of dams has driven up to 80 million people from their homes.
		Nowhere are poor people more worried about dam building than in the Mekong River basin, which is often described as the world's largest untapped natural resource and where 65 million people depend on the River for their daily livelihoods.
	www.oxfamamerica.org /contents/art613.html (588 words)

	Ladybower, Derwent & Howden reservoirs - Peak District
		Full Description: The Derwent and Howden dams (built between 1901 and 1916) were made famous in 1943 when the RAF 617 Squadron used the dams to practise their famous Dambuster raid against the Ruhr dams in Germany.
		The Ladybower Reservoir was the third and last of a series of reservoirs which were built in the Upper Derwent Valley.
		The reservoirs in the Upper Derwent Valley are most famous for the fact that they were used by 617 Squadron, the Dambusters, to practice their raids prior to their mission to the Ruhr Dams in Germany.
	www.yorkshire-bridge.co.uk /tourist/The-Upper-Derwent-valley-reservoirs.html (973 words)

	Planet Ark : Germany Secures Delay in EU Chemical Reform Deal
		Britain, current president of the 25-nation bloc, accepted Germany's appeal to delay a deal on the Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) bill originally scheduled for a meeting of competitiveness ministers on Nov. 28-29.
		"Germany asked for a postponement, and we have accepted their request," a British spokeswoman told Reuters, adding Britain still hoped to reach a deal before its presidency runs out at the end of this year.
		The incoming government of Germany, which has Europe's biggest chemicals industry, with companies like BASF, told its EU partners it would not have enough time to decide on the bill under the original timetable.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33448/story.htm (878 words)

	DTK :: German Dam Research And Technology: Table of Content
		Groundwater recharge dams are used in arid countries to enhance the natural groundwater recharge by a controlled infiltration of stored flood events.
		Some basic ideas on safety analysis for reservoir dams and the related analytical tools are discussed, with particular reference to selection of the design flood.
		Wittke, W., Schröder, D. Prestressed permanent anchors, reaching from the top of the dam down to approximately 30 metres into the bedrock, were installed in the 47 m high Eder masonry dam to achieve dam stability according to todays standards.
	germannatcom-icold.de /german_research (1091 words)

	Reservoirs, Dams and Hydraulic Structures
		Surface water reservoirs adjust seasonal and climatic variations of the natural runoff to meet the water demands from irrigated agriculture, power generation, domestic and industrial supply and the requirements for flood protection and navigation.
		Thus dams and reservoirs contribute greatly to the welfare of mankind, although at the same time they often have significant adverse implications on the environment and social conditions.
		The institute's technology and know-how are widely applied for environmental impact assessments, outlining strategies for the alleviation of possible adverse impacts such as fish migration and morphological problems, eutrophication, dam break analyses, etc.
	www.dhigroup.com /Solutions/RiversAndReservoirs/ReservoirsDamsAndHydraulicStructures.aspx (157 words)

	GWSP Past Events
		The GWSP Workshop on Global Dams and Reservoirs represents the third in a series, which has engaged an international community of experts to produce a joint database of unprecedented detail depicting the worldwide population of dams and reservoirs.
		The key objectives of the workshop were to identify (a) institutions, actors and scales which are of key relevance for enhancing adaptive capacity of governance regimes towards global environmental change, and (b) how governance regimes can be enabled to strengthen the adaptive capacity and resilience of the global water system.
		The main goals of the workshop were to summarize the existing state of knowledge on current cumulative impacts of mega cities and that of dams in Asia and to set and launch a research agenda for mega cities and dams in Asia in the context of the global water system.
	www.gwsp.org /past_events.html (999 words)

	Poorly Built, Dangerous Dams and Reservoirs in China « Status of Chinese People
		Such poorly built and dangerous reservoirs are time bombs waiting to explode in the event of a severe flood or other unexpected occurrence.
		One of the worst was the collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan dams in central China.
		In 1991, the government issued a “regulation on safety management of dams and reservoirs” and another on “methods of management on the downgrading and dismantling of reservoirs” in 2003, but problems have arisen with the implementation of these policies.
	chinaview.wordpress.com /2007/02/20/poorly-built-dangerous-dams-and-reservoirs-in-china (1227 words)

	Dams and Development E-paper - ADB.org
		With respect to large dams, OPIC is articulating its policies to reflect the findings of the most comprehensive report issued to date by key stakeholders involved in the global debate over the appropriate role of large dams: the World Commission on Dams (WCD).
		Although not all stakeholders subscribe to all of the conclusions of the WCD report, many of the report's recommendations are of value to the investment community, and therefore to OPIC as a development finance agency.
		Annex A Table 9: Hydropower and Water Resources Management (Dams and Reservoirs) makes reference to the World Bank guidelines and WCD recommendations.
	www.adb.org /water/Topics/Dams/dams1025-10.asp (859 words)

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