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Topic: Reservoirs and dams in India

	List of reservoirs and dams - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The List of reservoirs and dams is a link page for any reservoir or dam in the world.
		Reservoirs and dams in the Commonwealth of Independent States
		Malpasset Dam, collapsed in 1959, killing over 400 people in and around Fréjus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams (143 words)

	Simultaneous building and decommissioning of dams -DAWN - Business; January 9, 2006
		WHILE dams have made significant contribution to the development (30 to 40 per cent of irrigated land worldwide relies on dams which also generate 19 per cent of world electricity), they have altered river flows, their ecosystem and have deprived local riparian dwellers of their benefits.
		Dams are, by far, the main threats to the riverine ecosystems, fragmenting and transforming aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with a range of effects that vary in duration, scale and degree of reversibility (WCD, 2000).
		Dams are notorious in increasing the population of vector-borne diseases.
	www.dawn.com /2006/01/09/ebr7.htm (2147 words)

	Catch Water Newsletter 6
		A sub-surface dam intercepts or obstructs the flow of an aquifer and reduces the variation of the level of the groundwater table upstream of the dam.
		Similarly, when a sand-storage dam is constructed it is necessary to excavate a trench in the sand bed in order to reach bedrock, which can be used to create a sub-surface dam too.
		Water may be obtained from the underground reservoir either from a well upstream of the dam or from a pipe, passing through the dam, and leading to a collection point downstream (see figures 1 and 2).
	www.cseindia.org /html/cmp/water/newslet6_3.htm (1000 words)

	Vital Water Graphics, United Nations Environment Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The river basins with the most large dams under construction are the Yangtze with 38, the Tigris and Euphrates, with 19 each, and the Danube, with 11 (Revenga et al., 2000).
		Damming and flood control can have negative impacts, such as declining fish catches, loss of freshwater biodiversity, increases in the frequency and severity of floods, loss of soil nutrients on floodplains, and increases in diseases such as schistosomiasis and malaria.
		River fragmentation - the interruption of a river's natural flow by dams, inter-basin transfers or water withdrawal - is an indicator of the degree to which rivers have been modified by man (Ward and Stanford, 1989, and Dynesius and Nilsson, 1994, as cited in Revenga et al., 2000).
	www.unep.org /vitalwater/23.htm (645 words)

	Wide Angle . The Dammed . Transcript \| PBS
		Dams are the temples of secular India and almost worshipped.
		It's the third largest dam builder in the world; and perhaps the most committed because we have built 3,300 dams in the 50 years after independence.
		And you see when a dam is built, forgetting about the issue of displacement, even ecologically, it takes many years for the destruction to set in.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/shows/dammed/transcript.html (1771 words)

	Large dams and reservoirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dams contribute to large-scale biodiversity loss, damage to riverbeds and floodplains, "resulting in irreversible loss of species and ecosystems", as Marita Koch-Weser, IUCN's Director General, said yesterday in London.
		The recommendations include that no dam should be built without the agreement of affected people, participatory assessments of the needs that will be met, and proper evaluations of alternatives to the dams.
		The Balbina Dam in Brazil is estimated to produce about eight times the GHG emissions per year as a fossil fuel plant generating an equivalent amount of electricity.
	www.climatenetwork.org /eco/cops/cop6/6.1100.cdm.html (417 words)

	New Scientist India special: Space programme presses ahead - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		NESTLED amid the eucalyptus, cashew and coconut trees of Sriharikota Island on the eastern coast of India, north of Chennai, is a 76-metre steel tower.
		India's seven communication satellites, the biggest civilian system in the Asia-Pacific region, now reach some of the remotest corners of the country, providing television coverage to 90 per cent of the population.
		When India first detonated a nuclear device in 1974, the US and European nations imposed widespread sanctions to restrict India's access to technologies that could be used to make a nuclear missile.
	www.newscientist.com /special/india/mg18524871.000 (1604 words)

	Wide Angle . The Dammed \| PBS
		Water in India is a matter of extremes, veering between drought and floods, life and death.
		British engineers constructed some of the most advanced dams and canals in the world on Indian ground and by the time the Union Jack was lowered in New Delhi in 1947, they had put down 75,000 miles of irrigation canals to water the subcontinent's most valuable farmland.
		Most promising of all was the Bhakra Dam, stretched across a 1,700-foot canyon on the Sutlej River to prevent floods and carry water and electricity to the fertile Punjab.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/shows/dammed/index.html (620 words)

	The World Commission on Dams
		The WCD states that large dams have led to "the loss of aquatic biodiversity, upstream and downstream fisheries and the services of downstream floodplains, wetlands and riverine estuarine and adjacent marine ecosystems." Negative environmental impacts were not predicted and efforts to mitigate these impacts have failed.
		The WCD found that 20 percent of the earth’s land which is irrigated by large dams is lost to salinisation and waterlogging, and that 5 percent of the world’s freshwater evaporates from reservoirs.
		Reservoirs emit greenhouse gases due to the rotting of flooded vegetation and soils and of organic matter flowing into the reservoir from its catchment.
	www.irn.org /wcd (1937 words)

	Dams & Development - Report on Policy Dialogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Capturing this large volume of seasonal monsoon run-off in storage reservoirs and making economic use of the same during the rest of the year was looked upon by visionary planners and managers as the magic wand of prosperity and poverty alleviation.
		The opposition to dams that was originally rooted in the human issue of involuntary displacement has now also evolved around the complex environmental risks and uncertainty and far-reaching environmental impacts of the dams and irrigation based on them.
		The technical aspects of dam building are the domain of the scientists and engineers of all categories including geologists, seismologists, etc., whose co-operative involvement and transparency maintained therein could guide all stakeholders involved, to a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the role of dams in development.
	www.saciwaters.org /dams_report.htm (5219 words)

	Environmental and Social Aspects of Large Dams in India: Problems of Planning, Implementation and Monitoring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		India does in fact have a system of environmental clearances, monitoring and evaluation, which should in theory be able to do what dam proponents are claiming.
		A national assessment of the state of dams cleared in the 1980s and 1990s shows that in 90% of cases, the environmental conditionalities under which clearance was given by the central government, have not been fulfilled by the project authorities.
		Large dams in India, as in several other countries of the world, have been accompanied by significant alterations in the upstream and downstream physical and biological environment.
	www.dams.org /kbase/submissions/showsub.php?rec=ins012 (6045 words)

	RESERVOIR-INDUCED EARTHQUAKES AND ENGINEERING POLICY
		Thus, for a deep reservoir one might argue that the statistical chances of an earthquake exceeding magnitude 5.7 being triggered are perhaps 4 in 200.
		It is generally agreed that a reservoir, by whatever physical mechanism, is only triggering the release of natural tectonic strain, and is not in itself generating the principal seismic energy.
		In at least one case (Hsinfengkiang Dam, China), the surprising presence of many small earthquakes during the initial stages of filling led to such concern that the dam was immediately strengthened, the wisdom of which became apparent shortly thereafter when a magnitude 6.1 event occurred almost beneath the structure (Sheng and others, 1973).
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqpapers/00000054.htm (2882 words)

	Press Releases December 2001 - Felling of Forests Adding to World's Water Shortages as Dams Fill up With Silt - United ...
		However what we are talking about here is the state and fate of the existing stock of dams and reservoirs on whose waters billions of people depend for not only irrigation and drinking water, but also for industry and the production of hydroelectricity".
		Mr Toepfer said the issue of dwindling capacity of reservoirs was one piece in the puzzle of delivering sufficient quantities of clean water to the world's people.
		The report also highlights some management techniques that can restore some of the storage capacity of reservoirs including a method known as flushing in which flood waters due to heavy rains or melt waters from mountains are used to sweep debris, mud and silt out of the reservoir downstream.
	www.unep.org /Documents?DocumentID=227&ArticleID=2966 (1124 words)

	Large dams: the end of an era?
		By focusing on dams as a reflection of societal needs, he said, WCD is inevitably confronting the very meaning of “development”.
		Although dams produce power without contributing to the greenhouse effect—about 20 per cent of world electricity and seven per cent of all energy, according to ICOLD—their primary purpose is water control.
		Even before a dam has produced a single watt of power, or litre of irrigation water, tens of thousands of people may need to be evacuated from the river valleys to make way for the reservoir.
	www.unesco.org /courier/2000_04/uk/planet.htm (1039 words)

	Is it Worth a Dam?
		Dams are not the only culprit--pollution and overfishing have also contributed--but the combination has virtually eliminated shad and sturgeon from the U.S. Atlantic coast, and salmon from many rivers in Europe and the American West and Northeast.
		This reduces reservoir volumes and accelerates a cycle of eutrophication (or oxygen depletion) that results in increased plant and algal growth, bacterial decomposition that consumes oxygen, and release of phosphorus that nourishes further algal growth.
		Dam opponents add that the cost-effectiveness of hydropower is further eroded by subsidies for industrial users and, sometimes, by considerable siltation, which can reduce dam capacity, thereby diminishing generating power, or deplete downstream farmlands, which are dependent upon silt for nutrients.
	www.ehponline.org /qa/105-10focus/focus.html (4925 words)

	UNCW "Troubled Waters" ~ Resources: Dams & Reservoirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ladybower and the Derwent Dams in Britain were constructed in the early twentieth century; Derwent Dam between 1901 and 1916, and Ladybower was begun in 1935, finished in 1943 (the reservoir took an additional two years to fill).
		Initially, the dam was to regulate the flow on the river and to store water for irrigation, industrial and residential uses.
		These dams were constructed to conserve rain water for human consumption and to increase underground water reserves.
	www.uncw.edu /troubledwaters/resource_dams.htm (4708 words)

	Dams
		The dam is evicting more than 7 500 families from 25 villages from their ancestral land and homes to make way for a reservoir with a storage capacity of 0.262 M acre-feet.
		The Maan dam is located at Jeerabad, in Dhar district in MP on the river Maan (a tributary of the Narmada River).
		The dam was built for irrigation and to restrict the flow of seawater.
	www.narmada.org /sandrp/jun2002.html (20180 words)

	International Rivers Network: Rivers, Dams and Climate Change
		IRN is working to raise awareness among policy makers and the public that dams can be important emitters of greenhouse gases, and that climate change will have significant impacts on the safety and performance of dams.
		Hydropower lobbyists are promoting dams as "climate–friendly," hoping that the potentially huge sums of money to be generated through carbon trading will give the dam–building industry a much–needed boost.
		Yet a growing body of evidence indicates that dams and reservoirs are globally significant sources of emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and, in particular, methane.
	www.irn.org /programs/greenhouse (677 words)

	Felling of Forests Adding to World's Water Shortages as Dams Fill Up With Silt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Studies indicate that, on average, one percent of the water-storing capacity of the globe's reservoirs is being lost annually because of a build up of mud and silt.
		The demand for water is rising, not falling, as the population of the planet climbs from 6 billion today to an estimated 10 billion by 2050.
		Toepfer said the issue of dwindling capacity of reservoirs was one piece in the puzzle of delivering sufficient quantities of clean water to the world's people.
	www.earthvision.net /ColdFusion/News_Page1.cfm?NewsID=18737 (1105 words)

	Dam-Reservoir Impact & Information Archive: DRIIA
		Yes, they know how to build and run reservoirs and power stations but that hardly makes them experts on the agricultural, hydrological, ecological, oceanographic (yes - reservoirs have effects on the deltas and estuaries!), seismic, environmental or socio-economic impacts.
		Dams in the Northern Hemisphere have even been shown by a NASA geophysicist to be speeding the earth's rate of rotation, as well as altering Earth's magnetic field.
		Now new research is making it quite evident that profligate damming and redirection of rivers is having some surprising and ugly global effects.
	www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca /dams (1304 words)

	Yamuna Biography,info
		Yamuna (sometimes called Jamuna) is a major river of northern India, with a total length of around 1370 km.
		It changed its course to east following a tectonic event in north India and became a tributary of the Ganges instead.
		According to legend the goddess of the river, also known as Yami, is the sister of the Hindu god of death, Yama and the daughter of Surya, the Sun god.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Yamuna (285 words)

	31 - Dams and reservoirs - Skempton Papers Guide to Records
		File of notes, etc on foundation engineering analysis of dams, mainly G T Dounias, D M Potts & P R Vaughan, ‘Numerical stress analysis of progressive failure and cracking in embankment dams’
		Envelope of notes, etc on dams rate of construction and methods of placing
		Copy of contract for execution of reservoirs at Walton, Northumberland, Mar 1846 (Whittle Dene) and notes, etc on Whittle Dene reservoir
	www.cv.ic.ac.uk /SkemArchive/HDMS/Civils/Skempton/Web/SKEMS031.htm (1799 words)

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