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Topic: Resistojet rocket

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	Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most satellites have simple reliable chemical rockets (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets to keep their station, although some use momentum wheels for attitude control.
		The speed ratio of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of the area of the throat to the area at the exit.
		Rockets emitting plasma can potentially carry out reactions inside a magnetic bottle and release the plasma via a magnetic nozzle, so that no solid matter need come in contact with the plasma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rocket_engine (3269 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Most satellites have simple reliable chemical rockets (often (Surf for more about monopropellant rocket) monopropellant rockets) or (Surf for more about resistojet rocket) resistojet rockets to keep their station, although some use (Surf for more about momentum wheel) momentum wheels for (Surf for more about attitude control) attitude control.
		The total of a vehicle can be calculated using the rocket equation, where M is the mass of fuel, P is the mass of the payload (including the rocket structure), and is the (Surf for more about specific impulse) specific impulse of the rocket.
		A rocket engine accelerates its reaction mass by heating it, producing hot high-pressure (A fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely) gas or (Colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended) plasma.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spacecraft_propulsion.htm (4523 words)

	Electric Rocket Engines
		Resistojets can be scaled down to very small sizes, anywhere from ones that fit in shoe boxes to others as small as a thimble, making it easy to tailor them to any low thrust mission.
		The problem with resistojets is that the physical limitations of the conductor means that the maximum temperature they can achieve is 1800 degrees C. Run them hotter than this and they start to melt.
		MPD thrusters are unique among the electric rocket engine fraternity because they are capable of producing thrusts as high as 50 pounds in an engine small enough to fix in a large shoe box.
	www.waynesthisandthat.com /ep2.htm (4488 words)

	Rocket
		Rocket was cast for the 1980-81 season, which followed the depa...
		Monopropellant rocket A monopropellant rocket (or " monoprop rocket ") is a catalyst.
		Nova rocket The Nova rocket was a rocket proposed as a successor to the Mars.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/rocket.html (1794 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The total $\Delta v of a vehicle can be calculated using the$ rocket equation, where M is the mass of fuel, P is the mass of the payload (including the rocket structure), and $I_{sp} is the specific impulse of the$ rocket.
		The speed ratio of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by it's area expansion ratio- this is the ratio of the area of the throat to the area at the exit.
		Rockets emitting plasma can potentially carry out reactions inside a and release the plasma via a, so that no solid matter need come in contact with the plasma.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Spacecraft_propulsion (3293 words)

	spacecraft propulsion - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The reaction mass is then allowed to escape from the rear of the vehicle by passing through a de Laval nozzle, which dramatically accelerates the reaction mass, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy.
		Many rockets use ablative material that erodes in a controlled fashion, or very high temperature materials, such as graphite, ceramics or certain metals.
		Rather than relying on high temperature and fluid dynamics to accelerate the reaction mass to high speeds, there are a variety of methods that use electrostatic or electromagnetic forces to accelerate the reaction mass directly.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Spacecraft-propulsion (2890 words)

	The Past and Future of Rocket Engine Propulsion
		Resistojets were first used in 1965 with nitrogen on the US Department of Defense Vela satellites.
		Resistojets were seriously considered (in fact, baselined at one point) for drag make-up of the International Space Station.
		By switching from resistojets to arcjets, the Telstar 401 was able to double its propellant efficiency and thus carry a larger, more capable communications payload instead of the additional propellant normally required for its 12-year mission.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701743/session4.html (1108 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		can be calculated using the rocket equation, where M is the mass of fuel, P is the mass of the payload (including the rocket structure), and is the specific impulse of the rocket.
		A rocket engine accelerates its reaction mass by heating it, giving hot high-pressure gas or plasma.
		Rockets emitting gases are limited by the fact that their exhaust temperature cannot be so high that the nozzle and reaction chamber are damaged; most large rockets have elaborate cooling systems to prevent damage to either component.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /s/sp/spacecraft_propulsion_1.html (2628 words)

	Resistojet rocket -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A resistojet is a way of (The act of propelling) propulsion that provides thrust by (A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature) heating a (typically non-reactive) (A continuous amorphous substance that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas) fluid.
		Heating is usually achieved by sending (A physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons) electricity through a (An electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current) resistor.
		Resistojets have been flown in space, and do well in situations where energy is much more plentiful than mass, and where propulsion efficiency needs to be reasonably high but low- (Verbal criticism) thrust is acceptable.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/resistojet_rocket.htm (156 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion Article, Spacecraftpropulsion Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mostsatellites have simple reliable chemical rockets (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojetrockets to keep their station, although some use momentum wheels for attitude control.
		Rockets emitting gases are limited by the fact that their exhaust temperature cannot be so high that the nozzle and reactionchamber are damaged; most large rockets have elaborate cooling systems to prevent damage to either component.
		Rockets emittingplasma can potentially carry out reactions inside a magnetic bottle and release the plasma via a magnetic nozzle, so that no solidmatter need come in contact with the plasma.
	www.anoca.org /rocket/mass/spacecraft_propulsion.html (2644 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is known as the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation: :
		A "cold" (un-ignited) rocket engine test at NASA A rocket engine accelerates its reaction mass by heating it, producing hot high-pressure gas or plasma.
		This test engine accelerates ions using electrostatic forces Rather than relying on high temperature and fluid dynamics to accelerate the reaction mass to high speeds, there are a variety of methods that use electrostatic or electromagnetic forces to accelerate the reaction mass directly.
	www.wordspider.net /sp/spacecraft-propulsion.html (3315 words)

	Chapter 1-MRG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These rockets were called “fire arrows.” This battle marked the first time rockets were used as weapons of war.
		Despite this stabilization, the rockets were not accurate enough to hit a specific target, unless it was a city-sized target.
		Because of their inaccuracy, however, rockets were seldom used for military purposes until World War I. In World War I, rockets were used in flares to light the battlefield, to carry messages, and to carry lifelines to wrecked ships along the coastlines.
	www.paloverde.org /afjrotc/html/chapter_1-mrg.HTM (560 words)

	resistojet
		A resistojet works by super-heating a propellant fluid, such as water or nitrous oxide, over an electrically-heated element and allowing the resulting hot gas to escape through a converging-diverging nozzle.
		Thrust and specific impulse (a measure of the engine's efficiency) are limited by the material properties of the resistor.
		Resistojet thrusters, using a variety propellants, are being tested for both low-Earth orbit and deep space missions.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/resistojet.html (172 words)

	Surrey Fires Micro Electric Thruster
		A "Resistojet" is a form of electric propulsion where a fluid, such as water or nitrous oxide, is super-heated over an electrically-heated element and the resulting hot gas is expelled through a nozzle to produce low-level thrust.
		The reason for using a Resistojet in space is that it uses environmentally-friendly fluids and is very easy to control.
		The thrust from the Resistojet can be used to adjust the spacecraft's orbit and a 60-minute Resistojet firing period will raise the 650km orbit of the spacecraft by 3km.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/microsat-99j.html (382 words)

	MarsKite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In defining the thrust of a rocket engine as a force acting on the spacecraft, note that there is a distinction between the flight in vacuum and that in the atmosphere.
		However, the rocket flight through the atmosphere will unavoidably result in some interaction, thereby affecting the magnitude of thrust.
		The resistojet essentially uses a filament to heat a propellant gas (not plasma), while the arcjet passes propellant through a current arc.
	www.estec.esa.nl /outreach/marskite/marskite/propulsion.htm (735 words)

	Ion Propulsion
		The electric or ion or plasma rocket turn the fuel into a plasma (ionized particles), and then uses electricity or ions to eject the fuel.
		Basically the Ion rocket uses electrodes to turn the fuel (usually cesium oriodide but other fuels can also be used) into negative or positive ions.
		It is this characteristic of ions that is used to propel a rocket.
	www.orionsarm.com /ships/ion.html (764 words)

	The Sixties
		Thus, a small rocket engine, capable of operating in a pulsing mode as a reaction control engine for space application, was developed and tested.
		Marquardt’s success in the small rocket field was marked by these important factors: the Company saw a need for this type of engine, and through its own research and development programs, successfully developed a pulsing rocket engine with a unique radiation cooled thrust chamber.
		The “Resistojet” is an electric resistance-heated hydrogen rocket having promising potential for cislunar (near space) missions.
	www.jacobsmeyer.com /Marquardt/Chapter_3.htm (1701 words)

	Resistojet rocket engine gathers steam-30/03/2004-Flight International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Known as a resistojet, the rocket, around 70mm (2.75in) long and weighing 13g (0.45oz), used 3W of power to heat water to 200°C (392°F).
		The tiny water rocket would be used for basic manoeuvring for nanosatellites, which are 10kg (22lb) or less in mass and could carry experiments for universities.
		This is because the resistojet is attached to the Earth-imaging UK Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) satellite and not a dedicated rocket testing spacecraft.
	www.flightinternational.com /Articles/Article.aspx?liArticleID=179562&PrinterFriendly=true (400 words)

	UoSAT - Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd - Research - propulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		UoSAT integrated a 0.1 Newton resistojet thruster onto its experimental UoSAT-12 minisatellite in 1998 and it was launched in April 1999.
		This was the first ever flight of an operational nitrous oxide resistojet and the first ever use of a low power electric propulsion system on a small satellite.
		The USAF is investigating the possibility of flying a 100 W water resistojet for the MightySATII.1 mission and a flight representative model has been delivered.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /SSC/CSER/UOSAT/research/propulsion2.htm (355 words)

	Bambooweb: B-40 rocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This warhead is affixed to a rocket motor, to which fins are affixed.
		Solid rockets are considered to be safe and reliable due to th...
		1:...ant rocket''' (or "'''monoprop rocket'''") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its power source...
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/b/-/B-40_rocket.html (639 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since transit times for this Hohmann transfer orbit are on the order of years in any case, this need not slow down the mission; in fact, the best orbit will probably no longer be a Hohmann transfer orbit at all, but instead some constant-acceleration orbit which might be faster or slower.
		Interestingly, for a mission delta-v, there is a fixed ISP that minimises the overall energy used by the rocket.
		Drives such as VASIMR, and to a lesser extent Ion thrusters have exhaust velocities that are very much higher than this ideal, and typically have very low thrust.
	www.free-definition.com /Chemical-rocket.html (2708 words)

	History and Development of the Rocket Engine
		resistojet rockets to keep their station, although some use
		solid fuel rocket, the fuel is burned, providing the energy, and the reaction products are allowed to flow out the back, providing the reaction mass.
		Smart 1 more than a year to reach the Moon, while with a chemical rocket it takes a few days.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/rocket_engine.htm (3020 words)

	Vision Engineer - Hot gas expansion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Liquid propellant rocket engines use liquid propellants which are fed from the tanks to the combustion chamber with either a gas pressure feed system or a turbopump.
		In solid propellant rocket engines, the propellant [Fuel, oxidizer and binder] is located in the combustion chamber.
		A comparison of liquid and solid propellant rocket engines can be found here.
	www.visionengineer.com /aero/gas.shtml (262 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Wickman Spacecraft andamp; Propulsion Co., CP Technologies and The Rocket...
		Homepage for The Rocket Camp, CP Technologies and Wickman Spacecraft andamp; Propulsion Company.
		Wickman Spacecraft andamp; Propulsion Company was founded in 1981 to develop new, low cost spacecraft and rockets to open Space for exploration and settlement.
	spacecraft_propulsion.iqexpand.com (3251 words)

	DiversityLink Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Space station resistojet system requirements and interface definition study (SuDoc NAS 1.26:179581)
		Preliminary design study of hydrogen and ammonia resistojets for prime and auxiliary thrusters (SuDoc NAS 1.26:182176)
		Sign up to be e-mailed when new book releases for "resistojet" arrive.
	www.diversitylink.com /cgi-bin/anaconda/anacondapipe/anacondapipe.pl?passurl=/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/002-9931311-2284007?index=stripbooks&field-keywords=resistojet (196 words)

	sis news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		October 2005: SIS will present a paper on "Preliminary performance characterization of a 1N laboratory resistojet DUR-1" at the 56th International Astronautical Congress, Japan.
		18-22 September 2005: SIS together with TNO-PML present a paper on the development of a rocket engine igniter using the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the 8th International hydrogen peroxide propulsion conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana USA, September 2005.7 July 2005.
		Poster presentation on the design and development of a multi-propellant resistojet by Karel Rycek at 55th IAC, Vancouver, Canada, October 2004.
	dutlsisa.lr.tudelft.nl /SIS/sisnews.html (539 words)

	Rocket engine - www.catalogofcasinos.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Howstuffworks "Can you make a rocket engine using hydrogen...
		XCOR Aerospace: Commercial Liquid Fuel Rocket Engines engine and...
		Find Rocket Engine products and anything you are looking for on Ebay.
	www.catalogofcasinos.com /Rocket_engine.html (3559 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Analytical and experimental development work leading to a prototype resistance-heated hydrogen rocket is described.
		Preliminary test results indicate that very high electrical conversion efficiencies are attainable.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4803651 (124 words)

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