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Topic: Resonance (chemistry)

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	Resonance (chemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Resonance structures are diagrammatic tools used predominately in organic chemistry to symbolize resonant bonds between atoms in molecules.
		Resonance contributors for the same molecule all have the same chemical formula and same sigma framework, but the pi electrons will be distributed differently among the atoms.
		Resonance occurs because of the overlap of orbitals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Resonance_(chemistry) (552 words)

	Resonance - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Resonance refers to structures that are not easily represented by a single electron dot structure but that are intermediates between two or more drawn structures.
		Resonance is easily misunderstood in part because of poorly written chemistry textbooks, mistakes that we will seek to avoid.
		Resonance structures are stabilizing in molecules because they allow electrons to lengthen their wavelengths and thereby lower their energy.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Resonance (192 words)

	Chemistry - Electron spin resonance
		Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) is a spectroscopic technique which detects species that have unpaired electrons, generally meaning that it must be a free radical, if it is an organic molecule, or that it has transition metal ions if it is a inorganic complex.
		EPR is used in solid-state physics, for the identification and quantification of radicals (i.e., molecules with unpaired electrons), in chemistry, to identify reaction pathways, as well as in biology and medicine for tagging biological spin probes.
		Resonance linewidths are defined in magnetic induction units B and are measured along the x axis, from line center to y value crossing chosen point of spectrum.
	www.chemistrydaily.com /chemistry/Electron_spin_resonance (800 words)

	Tutorials: Drawing Resonance Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Resonance is a common feature of many molecules and ions of interest in organic chemistry.
		Resonance structures are simply alternate Lewis structures for a given ion or molecule.
		Structure J is the more important resonance structure because it maximizes the number of covalent bonds and minimizes the number atoms with a nonzero formal charge.
	web.chem.ucla.edu /~harding/tutorials/resonance/draw_res_str.html (1694 words)

	Chemistry and Industry: Resonance techniques: Colloid & Surface Chemistry Group. (Conference Planner).(Brief ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ask any chemistry graduate what nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance are useful for.
		They should tell you that they are very useful and related techniques for characterising the structure of organic molecules or for studying organic reactions via radical intermediates.
		Now ask them what they can be used for in physical chemistry; more specifically, in the field of colloid and polymer science.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:98776789&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (196 words)

	R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		At least in the context of physical organic chemistry, it seems desirable to cease using the adjective "free" in the general name of this type of chemical species and molecular entity, so that the term "free radical" may in future be restricted to those radicals which do not form parts of radical pairs.
		In the context of chemistry, the term refers to the representation of the electronic structure of a molecular entity in terms of contributing structures.
		Resonance among contributing structures means that the wavefunction is represented by "mixing" the wavefunctions of the contributing structures.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/gtpoc/R.html (2950 words)

	Chemistry - Nuclear magnetic resonance
		Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon based upon the magnetic property of an atom's nucleus.
		The development of NMR as a technique of analytical chemistry and biochemistry parallels the development of electromagnetic technology and its introduction into civilian use.
		The first dimension is the frequency of the excitation, and the second dimension is based on the time differential between the pair of pulses (because of the properties of the Fourier transform, this second dimension is eventually expressed as a frequency as well).
	www.chemistrydaily.com /chemistry/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance (3413 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Resonance
		Resonance (chemistry), form of bonding between atoms in a molecule in which the complex sharing of electrons gives greater stability to the molecule.
		Through resonance in a physical system, a small activity or event can gain a great deal of energy; for example, if I belted out a pitch that resonated with the unique acoustic characteristics of this room, the energy of my voice would be amplified by the environment.
		The importance of resonance was even sensed and commented on by the volunteers in the PK experiments, in that the most frequently mentioned factor associated with a successful performance was the attainment of a feeling of "resonance" with the machine.
	fusionanomaly.net /resonance.html (1768 words)

	Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution.
		The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved.
		, née Marie Sklodowska, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.
	www.almaz.com /nobel/chemistry (1774 words)

	Environmental Dynamics and Simulation - Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Mineral Surface Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is a type of absorption spectroscopy, in which molecules containing unpaired electrons (typically transition-metal ions and organic radicals) absorb microwave radiation.
		Typically, samples are placed in a resonating cavity between the poles of a magnet and radiated by monochromatic microwave radiation while scanning through the magnetic field.
		Because the exact magnetic field at which resonance occurs depends on the local environment of the electrons, valuable information about that environment is obtained including the nature of ligands around the absorbing center and the degree of metal-ligand covalency.
	www.emsl.pnl.gov /docs/eds/annual_report1999/1627b-3f.html (2263 words)

	Chemistry 101: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was already a well-developed chemical analysis technique when Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield began adapting it to medical imaging.
		A complete readout of resonant frequencies for a given compound is called the NMR spectrum for that compound.
		Each chemical element has its own resonant frequency, that is, the precise amount of energy needed to cause the element's nuclei to precess.
	www.chemistry.org /portal/a/c/s/1/feature_tea.html?id=c373e9f8b5423a168f6a4fd8fe800100 (818 words)

	Chemistry Majors - Internships in Chemistry - Careers in Chemistry - Hollins University
		Organic chemistry labs use microscale techniques, which use smaller reaction vessels in order to minimize the quantity of reagents used, reducing reaction times and waste.
		Chemistry majors do research that is presented at professional meetings of scientific societies.
		Anjana Mitra received a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Southern California, where her graduate research was directed by a Nobel laureate.
	www.hollins.edu /undergrad/chemistry/chem.htm (873 words)

	UHM Graduate Studies - Chemistry
		As biological processes are examined in ever-finer detail, chemistry is increasingly called upon to provide the insights, techniques, and materials needed to understand the workings of living organisms, including ourselves.
		In another direction, chemistry is also essential to the search for solutions to the ecological problems created by the ever-expanding range of human activities.
		Physical Chemistry — Research on physical chemistry at UHM includes experimental and theoretical approaches, such as magnetic resonance techniques applied to the study of proteins, crystallographic methods for zeolite chemistry, computational studies of the interactions between surfaces and small molecules, reaction dynamics, and astrochemistry.
	www.hawaii.edu /graduatestudies/fields/html/departments/cd/chemistry/chemistry.htm (994 words)

	ChemTeam: Bonding - Resonance
		This was known even back to the early beginnings of structural chemistry in the mid-1850s.
		Resonance happens when more than one valid Lewis dot-diagram (or what Pauling calls a valence-bond structure) can be written for a molecule or ion.
		By using valence-bond structures as the basis for discussion, however, with the aid of the concept of resonance, we are able to account for the properties of the molecule in terms of those of other molecules in a straightforward and simple way.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Bonding/Resonance.html (782 words)

	The Birth of MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Stony Brook Chemistry Department
		The Stony Brook Department of Chemistry commemorates the first construction of an image by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by Prof.
		The ability to perform non-invasive imaging of the interior of living organisms using nuclear magnetic resonance is one of the most important medical discoveries of the twentieth century.
		Lauterbur left Stony Brook in 1985 to become the director of the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory at the University of Illinois.
	www.sunysb.edu /chemistry/news/mri.html (189 words)

	FSU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
		In physics laboratories where the magnetic resonance phenomenon was first observed, NMR is now opening up new opportunities for characterizing materials both at ambient pressure and temperature as well as at the extremes of parameter space.
		The NMR facility in the chemistry department at FSU provides the instrumentation facilities and expertise in NMR spectroscopy for the applications in chemistry, biology and physics of the FSU research faculty.
		Students in the advanced organic chemistry and NMR applications laboratories learn to use the spectrometer to acquire their own spectra.
	www.chem.fsu.edu /facilities/fa_sl_nmr.asp (1412 words)

	Chemistry
		This is a gateway to analytical chemistry resources on the Web including resources for atomic spectroscopy, chemometrics, electron spectroscopy, electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray spectroscopy.
		From the University of Wisconsin Chemistry Library, this is a gateway to biophysical chemistry resources including databases, organizations, educational resources, techniques, and graduate programs.
		The chemistry page of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Virtual Library is a portal to chemical information from NIST and other sources.
	library.albany.edu /subject/chem.htm (4969 words)

	Slichter Research Achievements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was a pioneer in application of electron nuclear double resonance to the study of defects in insulating crystals.
		He was a pioneer in the discovery and use of satellite NMR of host atoms near magnetic atoms in dilute alloys to elucidate the Kondo effect.
		A pioneer of double resonance, with Carver he performed the first electron-nuclear double resonance, and the first observation of dynamic polarization of nuclei, proving the correctness of Overhauser's theory.
	www.physics.uiuc.edu /People/Faculty/profiles/Slichter/Research_Achievements.html (689 words)

	Chemistry
		Applicants are expected to have completed or be completing a standard undergraduate chemistry major including a year of elementary organic chemistry, with laboratory, and a year of elementary physical chemistry.
		Emphasis on the physical chemistry that underlies both the execution of such experiments and the interpretation of the resulting data.
		Suitable for first-year graduate students in chemistry who have had some exposure to quantum mechanics as part of an undergraduate chemistry course.
	www.yale.edu /bulletin/html2003/grad/chem.html (1126 words)

	Resonance Instruments - Microwaves for Science and Chemistry
		For microwave chemistry there are the Models 510, 520A, and 521 Instruments for Microwave Accelerated Chemistry.
		Resonance Instruments has acquired the assets of the Micro-Now Instrument Company, including a limited parts inventory and their manufacturing and service manuals.
		Resonance Instruments can provide repair and upgrade services on the Micro-Now 705, 705A, 705B, 705C, and 715 Millimeter Sweep Systems, the 756 Millimeter klystron power supply, and the 706 and 716 solid state sweep systems.
	www.resonanceinstruments.com (722 words)

	Department of Chemistry at SUNY Stony Brook
		Stony Brook Chemistry has a long tradition of interdisciplinary study where undergraduates, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows work closely with faculty to develop and pursue their research interests.
		Students perform research in a broad range of chemistry fields - biological, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry.
		With a world-class faculty, a diverse community of students and state-of-the-art facilities in a lovely setting, Stony Brook is the ideal place for developing a rewarding career in modern chemistry.
	www.stonybrook.edu /chemistry (311 words)

	Biophysical Chemistry - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon underlies a large and growing family of experimental techniques for investigating the structure, dynamics and interactions of condensed matter on length scales from the molecular to the macroscopic, and on time scales from picoseconds to hours and longer.
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapidly developing diagnostic tool, allowing non-invasive detection and characterization of morphological and physiological tissue changes as well as brain function.
		MR image contrast in soft tissues is mainly generated by spatial variations in water 1H relaxation times; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood.
	www.fkem2.lth.se /research/areas/nmr.html (421 words)

	OUP: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Medicine: Freeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		No prior knowledge of any branch of magnetic resonance is assumed, and the amount of mathematics is kept to an absolute minimum...
		There are two important applications -- chemistry, where MR allows us to visualise the architecture of molecules, and medicine, where it provides a clear picture of human anatomy without the need for invasive surgery.
		This is the first unified treatment of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in medicine, written for a broad non-specialist readership by one of the world's foremost NMR spectroscopists.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-926225-X?view=00 (429 words)

	Wiley::Resonance Energy Transfer
		The resonance transfer of energy between molecules, or between sites within a large molecule, plays a central role in many areas of modern chemistry and physics.
		The broad range of applications of fluorescence and fluorescence energy transfer to studies in molecular biology and biotechnology ensures that resonance energy transfer will be a vital component of the new science and technology of the next millenium.
		This book is written for those working with materials, both experimentally and theoretically, as well as for biophysicists and biochemists interested in studying protein structure and dynamics.
	eu.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471987328.html (292 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Oxford Chemistry Primers): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an enormously powerful and versatile method for investigating the structure and dynamics of molecules.
		Every chemistry undergraduate must understand the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy, but until now, no text book has provided an accessible introduction to it.
		Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an enormously powerful and versatile physical method for investigating the structure and dynamics of molecules.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198556829 (557 words)

	Century of Nobel Prizes 1901 Chemistry Award - Resonance - December 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Shridhar R Gadre is a professor of physical chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, University of Pune.
		He has been actively working in the area of theoretical and computational chemistry.
		He feels that the history of the development of a concept should be inextricably woven into the teaching of a topi
	www.ias.ac.in /resonance/Dec2001/Dec2001p36-43.html (63 words)

	Internet Resources: Chemistry
		Simulations for introductory HS through AP chemistry: Chemistry Toolbox, Exploring the Gas Laws, Principles of Electrochemistry Reaction Rates and Chemical Kinetics, Structure of the Atom Chemical Equilibrium.
		We are developing and testing modular materials about chemistry and the environment, chemistry and technology in society, and the molecular basis of life.
		A study of the relationships between industrial chemistry and environmental chemistry as they affect one another in the operation of chemical facilities in a global society.
	www.towson.edu /csme/mctp/Technology/Chemistry.html (4508 words)

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