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	NOVA \| Elegant Universe \| Resonance in Strings \| PBS
		This is the string's fundamental resonant pattern, or frequency.
		Each resonant pattern is a multiple of the fundamental frequency: The fundamental is half of a complete wave, the second harmonic is a complete wave, the third harmonic is one and a half waves, and the fourth harmonic is two waves.
		Although the fundamental string shown above is depicted as a two-dimensional object, the strings in string theory are one-dimensional.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/elegant/resonance.html (571 words)

	Resonance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an electrical circuit, resonance occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing electrical energy to oscillate between the magnetic field of the inductor and the electric field of the capacitor.
		Resonance is an important consideration for instrument builders as most acoustic instruments use resonators, such as the strings and body of a violin, the length of tube in a flute, and the shape of a drum membrane.
		A sharp resonance is a resonance with a sharp peak in the S-matrix (which corresponds to a long lifetime compared to the reciprocal of its mass) while a broad resonance is a resonance with a spread out peak (which corresponds to a short lifetime relative to the reciprocal of its mass).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Resonance (1717 words)

	Harps - Dusty Strings
		Strings are such an important part of how a harp functions and sounds that we focus a great deal of attention on them.
		Strings that are consistently cylindrical along their vibrating length have a more pure and sweet tone than strings that are not.
		If cam and string are matched properly, the tone of the sharped string is not significantly different from that of the open string.
	www.dustystrings.com /building/harps.shtml (1697 words)

	VIOLIN - LoveToKnow Article on VIOLIN
		The strings, fastened at one end to an ebony tail-piece or tonguh, which is itself attached by a gut loop to the pin at the base of the instrument, pass over the bridge, along the finger board and over the nut (a dwarf bridge forming the termination of the finger-board) to the pegs.
		The strings are manufactured from so-called catgut, made from the intestines of lambs, and range in thickness from the first to the third or D string from ~o26 to.046 in.
		Thus the stringing of the viols was partly adapted from that of the lute; and the form of the modern.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VI/VIOLIN.htm (5375 words)

	Resonant strings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Resonant strings are thin auxiliary strings found on many (Asian) Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Renaissance-era instruments.
		They are typically not played directly by the performer (except occasionally as an effect) but instead resonate along with the main strings played on an instrument.
		The same effect can be performed on a modern piano, by softly striking a key in the lower register of the piano and immediately striking that note in a higher octave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Resonant_strings (103 words)

	Strings
		Adagio for Strings Adagio for strings is a piece of Samuel Barber.
		Resonant strings Resonant strings are thin auxiliary strings found on many (Asian) Indian musical instruments, as well a...
		Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings The Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings is a piece of Benjamin Britten.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/strings.html (154 words)

	Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The strings which run across a hollow rectangular box and the strings are struck by a pair of slim carved walnut mallets.
		It is a fretless stringed instrument with four main strings, three drone and rhythm strings and eleven to thirteen resonating strings.
		The difference is to be found in the shape of the resonators and the manner in which the sympathetic strings attach.
	camitava.0catch.com /instruments.htm (1856 words)

	PhysicsCentral: Writers Gallery: Lisa Randall
		These strings, unlike violin strings, say, are not made up of atoms which are in turn made up of electrons and nucleons which are in turn made up of quarks.
		Which particles a string actually produces depends on the string’s energy and on the precise vibrational modes that are excited.
		For both open and closed strings, the resonant modes are those that oscillate an integer number of times along the string’s length.
	www.physicscentral.com /writers/2005/randall.html (826 words)

	Pickup secrets by Helmuth E. W. Lemme
		A vibrating string induces an alternating voltage at the frequency of vibration, where the voltage is proportional to the velocity of the strings motion (not its amplitude).
		Furthermore, the voltage depends on the string's thickness and magnetic permeability, the magnetic field, and the distance between the magnetic pole and the string.
		If you know the resonant frequency and height of the resonant peak, you know about 90 percent of a pickup's transfer characteristics; these two parameters are the key to the "secret" of a pickup's sound (some other effects cannot be described using this model, but their influence is less important).
	www.buildyourguitar.com /resources/lemme (3113 words)

	Sharply-tuned nanostrings work at room temperature
		It is defined as the ratio of the resonant frequency to the range of frequencies over which resonance occurs.
		Resonant frequency depends on the mass of a vibrating object (a thick guitar string has a lower pitch than a thin one).
		The longest string the researchers made was 200 nanometers (nm) wide, 105 nm thick and 60 microns long and had a resonant frequency of 4.5 megaHertz with a quality factor of 207,000.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-07/cuns-stn071306.php (761 words)

	Sitar - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A distinctive feature is the frets, which are moveable (allowing fine variation in tuning) and raised (so that 'sympathetic' strings can run underneath the frets, giving a very lush sound).
		The outer two strings can be tuned using both the pegs on the sides or the 'beads' at the bottom, which are mainly for fine tuning.
		It was popularised in the West by The Beatles, whose guitarist, George Harrison, was inspired by Ravi Shankar.
	www.free-definition.com /Sitar.html (283 words)

	Silk Strings
		Strings on a qin normally have a vibrating length of 42-44 inches (110 cm), but the manufactured length of silk strings may be 100 inches or more.
		Metal strings obviously expand the potential scope of the instrument but, in my opinion, the scope would be even broader if we were more careful about distinguishing a metal-string from a silk-string style, and tried consciously to develop both in the manner natural to the different sounds.
		Silk string is known to have existed in Europe even before medieval times; its uses included for fishing line, and a 16th century source mentions a fisherman using a catgut lute string as a fishing line.
	www.silkqin.com /03qobj/silk.htm (3474 words)

	Sitar - an on-line Sitar tutorial for beginners
		String changing and fret polishing needs to be performed from time to time as a part of routine instrument maintenance.
		Directing your attention to the particular string attachment at the bottom of the instrument you may find that you can untwist the string so it comes away from the rest of the strings that are already wrapped around the retainer or post.
		If the broken string went through a hole in the Sitar's neck before joining the tuning peg, as in the case with the Tarb strings, thread the string through the hole where the old string was.
	www.buckinghammusic.com /sitar/sittut/btut.html (4422 words)

	Resonant strings Definition / Resonant strings Research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Resonant strings are thin auxiliary strings located on many (Asian) Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Renaissance The Renaissance was a great cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history.
		The musician retunes the resonant (often referred to as "sympatheticSympathetic strings are strings on musical instruments which begin resonating, not due to any external influence such as picking or bowing, but due to another note (or frequency).
		The effect is most often heard when the fundamental frequency of the string is in unison or an octave lower or higher than the catalyst note, although it can occur for other intervals such as a fifth with less effect....
	www.elresearch.com /Resonant_strings (280 words)

	Tarang - Indian Stringed Instruments: Basic Information on Sitar
		The large resonance box is made of a dried pumpkin; - neck, cover and a possible second smaller resonance box are mostly made of Tun wood, an Indian variety of teakwood.
		The Sitars in the"Vilayat Khan Style" (Gandhar-Pancham) have only one resonance box on principle.There are 11 sympathetic resonant strings and 6 playing strings, 2 of which are played as melody strings over a range of three octaves.
		The playing strings that run across the large bridge are plucked using a wire finger pick on the right index finger.
	www.indian-instruments.com /sitar_surbahar/sitar_informationen.htm (914 words)

	ClGuSt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When the classical guitar was first growing in popularity early in the 19th century, the designs were not as resonant as modern ones, and hard plucking on high-tension thick strings were needed for the acoustic power the players needed when playing with violins.
		The other was that they thought that string tensions tended to increase with time (actually the reverse of what really happened), so they reasoned that the strings would have been noticeably lighter than on recent classical guitars.
		Heavier strings could have more of the extra heaviness in the silk than in the metal, and there are enough added strands to easily take the added tension.
	www.nrinstruments.demon.co.uk /ClGuSt.html (669 words)

	Body Resonators
		A common feature of stringed musical instruments is the presence of a resonator, usually made of wood.
		The number of resonant modes in the range of human hearing depends strongly on the size of the resonator.
		For larger systems, such as stringed instrument bodies, the number of resonant modes in the range of human hearing is prohibitively large.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~jos/jnmr/Body_Resonators.html (730 words)

	Gudok - InformationBlast
		Gudok usually has 3 strings: 2 of them were tuned in unison and the 3d - one fifth higher.
		All 3 strings were placed in the same plane, so a bow could make them all sound simultaneously (not like in violin, where only 2 strings can be reached at any momement).
		Later (in 14th century and after) some modifications of gudok had a real neck for pressing strings, but this wasn't very useful because of specific instrument's shape and was an obvious borrowing from fiddles.
	www.informationblast.com /Gudok.html (276 words)

	\| Resonance theory \| Subbody Butoh Dance School Himalaya \|
		According to string theory of physics, the universe is made up of tiny strings whose resonant patterns of vibration are the microscopic origin of particle masses and force changes.
		According to the string theory of latest physics, all masses and force are generated by the difference of resonant patterns of tiny strings.
		Strings are vibrating in eleven dimensions, include the four dimensions of timespace which we know well, and the unknown seven subtle dimensions which are folded into very tiny space.
	subbody.net /03theory/resonancetheory.htm (583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A word about the strings and frets: because your intrument is hand-made in a very humid country it is likely that the top 7 strings may have become a bit dulled during the instrument's long journey.
		The Siturl (resonant) strings: These are tuned to the particular scale you choose to play in so as you play the notes of your scale, each siturl string produces an echo of the note you play, forming an acoustic echo chamber vibrating in sympathy with your fingered scale notes.
		If the broken string went through a hole in the Sitar's neck before joining the tuning peg, as in the case with the Siturl strings, thread the string through the hole where the old string was.
	www.io.com /~peterc/sitar/tut/tut.html (2948 words)

	Interview Arne Deforce (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I decided to treat the cello as more or less just a resonant box with four strings on it; then, the player has two hands, one of which holds the bow, both of which are able to move in three dimensions.
		I was developing a view of pitch-behaviour in which each string embodies a continuum of frequencies when fingered normally, but a discontinuous spectrum when fingered as for harmonics, again proceeding from first principles: everything you see in the score, both glissandi and microtones, emerges from this.
		Stopping the bow on the string is a similar case: it has always seemed strange to me how composers (and performers) pay so much more attention to how a sound begins than to how it ends, and the end of a sound requires just as close attention to articulation.
	users.pandora.be /arne.deforce/Composer%20files/Barrett%20Cello%20solo/barrett%20interview.htm (10639 words)

	FAQ on Sitar and other Indian instruments (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wind a little of the string onto the peg and, while pulling on the part of the string that protrudes from the grommet in the fingerboard to maintain a little constant tension, push the peg back into it's hole in the side of the neck.
		Breaking strings may also be caused by over tightening the strings when the beginner momentarily "loses" the note and continues to tighten the string in search for the elusive note.
		It is rare to hear these strings resonate with any note you play on the main neck which is their main purpose on sitar.
	www.io.com /~peterc/sitar/sittut/oldfaq.html (4977 words)

	BULGARIAN GADULKA for Children
		The resonant strings can be pitched in the tones of the main strings, too.
		The first string is not to be pressed with the finger, but it is slightly to be touched with the nail, resulting in a very strange tone, having a flageolet tone nuance.
		The other strings are also slightly touched, but with fingers and not with nails, often fingers only contracting to the strings.
	www.shopbulgaria.com /products/189/bulgarian-gadulka-for-children.html (1218 words)

	Classical Net Review - Scott - New Music for Bowed Piano
		He quickly began to imagine what the effect might be if several players did this at the same time.
		They use small "bows" made from Popsicle sticks and rosined horsehair and draw them back and forth across the piano's strings to produce melodies, drones, and staccato rhythmic figures.
		This produces a smoother sound and allows for the manipulable sympathetic vibration of multiple strings within the same harmonic structure.
	www.classical.net /~music/recs/reviews/n/nar00107a.html (412 words)

	Sarod
		There are just four strings used for playing the melody, two drone strings and two chikari strings (raised drone strings which are used to punctuate the melodic phrases with rhythmic accompaniment).
		The strings are not plucked with the fingers, but with a java or coconut-shell plectrum.
		There are actually two schools of sarod playing – one in which the strings are stopped by the fingertips and the other in which the strings are stopped by the finger-nails of the left hand (as practised by Amjad Ali Khan).
	www.sarod.com /sarod (1957 words)

	NOVA \| The Elegant Universe \| Resonance in Strings (non-Flash) \| PBS
		[image: screen grabs of the eight states of resonance: four for the everyday string and four for the fundamental string; these should be labeled as they are in the interactive; i.e., "1st harmonic," "2nd harmonic,"..., and "particle '1'," "particle '2',"...]
		In the illustration above, the string is shown as a closed loop.
		Back to the Elegant Universe homepage for more articles, interviews, interactives, and slide shows.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/elegant/reso-nf.html (568 words)

	electro-music.com :: View topic - MonoSynth with Sympathetic Resonant strings thru Leslie
		From time to time the forum will be unavailable for a few minutes while we are working on the software.
		The resonators are tuned to C, so for best results play in C or related keys.
		Variation 1 has the monosynth tone variation controlled by the mod wheel, so you can get a good feel for this by playing variation 1 in C and fooling with the mod wheel while you do it.
	www.electro-music.com /forum/topic-5125.html (452 words)

	instruments
		In the 13th century the instrument was made more flexible, also the order of the strings were reversed and the frets were made to be moveable.
		Usually you find the sarangi being used to accompany a singer, but it is sometimes used as a solo instrument.
		-The tanpura is a four or five stringed instrument that gives essential drone background to all indian music.
	www.hamline.edu /personal/dclayton/indianciv/music/instruments.html (226 words)

	indya.com Music - Sarangi - Structure and Technique (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The body of a sarangi is carved from a single block of wood.
		Its base is covered with skin and the strings are made from animal guts.
		The saran has four playing strings, two of steel and two of guts and eight to ten sympathetic strings.
	music.indya.com /music_basics/sarangi2.html (358 words)

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