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Topic: Resource extraction

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	IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
		Energy resources are taken to be plentiful by assuming a large future availability of coal, unconventional oil, and gas as well as high levels of improvement in the efficiency of energy exploitation technologies, energy conversion technologies, and transport technologies.
		Cumulative (1990 to 2100) extraction of oil ranges between 15 and 30 ZJ in the A1 scenarios (A1B marker, 17 ZJ); for gas the range is between 23 and 48 ZJ (A1B marker, 36 ZJ) and for coal the range is between 8 and 50 ZJ (A1B marker, 12 ZJ).
		Resource extraction costs in the ASF depend on the resource "grade" and vary from US$2.6 to 5.2 per GJ for oil (in 1990 dollars), from US$1.2 to 4.6 per GJ for gas, and US$0.7 to 6.0 per GJ for coal.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc/emission/104.htm (2857 words)

	bench-marks.org / 1.5 - Resource Extraction
		The company conducts the extraction and/or exploitation of natural resources such as minerals, timber, oil and energy sources, including hydro-electric power, in such a manner as to avoid conflict with the human rights, the sustainability of the environment and the economic survival of national, local and indigenous communities.
		In instances where the extraction of resources either, violates human rights or where the extraction can only be carried forward with the aid of military intervention in zones of conflict, the company does not proceed with the work programme.
		A company which is engaged in resource extraction, on discovering previously unknown vulnerabilities or non-sustainable situations immediately seeks to withdraw in such a way as to ensure that these works are not proceeded with by other agencies or companies.
	www.bench-marks.org /1_5.shtml (666 words)

	[No title]
		Existing mineral extraction operations in California's enclosed and nearshore ocean waters have proven to be economically viable, but less is known regarding the resource potential or economic viability of deep ocean mineral extraction.
		Offshore Mineral Resource Extraction A wide variety of mineral resources exist offshore the California coast, although limitations in feasibility and economics, as well as the potential environmental impacts of extraction operations, have eliminated plans to recover these minerals at this time.
		It is not clear as a matter of law whether this extraction would be covered under the existing Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act and administered by the MMS or require additional legislation to authorize and regulate this activity.
	resources.ca.gov /ocean/MAC/chapt_5j.msw (979 words)

	Sustainable Resource Extraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Renewable resources can be harvested faster than they are replenished, depleting their supply and eventually causing a shortage.
		Non-renewable resources can be used at a rapid rate, causing their supplies to be depleted faster than necessary.
		Apart from the impacts on the resource being extracted, there are lots of associated impacts on habitat and the environment which should be minimized.
	www.livinglakes.org /issues/extraction.htm (351 words)

	[No title]
		Resource rents for the extraction programme as a whole would be given by the present value of the complete time path of rents.
		From the perspective of resource rent taxation, however, the crucial message of equation (4) is that resource rents are a function of both the extraction rate and the level of the resource as well as of other variables entering but not explicit in the profit function.
		Finally, the resource rent tax, ((R(q(0),x(0)), should be interpreted as what the firm expects to be charged. Taking, (6.4) and (6.6) together, it is clear that resource rent taxes may alter the conditions for entry to and exit from the industry.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~carsonvs/papers/2022.doc (4030 words)

	Pricing Resources
		In this paper, a model of resource exploration is developed where the explorer does not know total reserves of the resource base as he searches for and extracts the natural resource.
		The assumption of zero extraction costs can be modified later, nevertheless this assumption changes the emphasis of determining scarcity away from the costs of producing a resource and toward the cost of finding a resource.
		However, the effect of technology on the resource base to increase its recoverable reserves is unknown to the market and remains unknown until late in the exploration process.
	www.mnforsustain.org /energy_pricing_resources_reynolds.htm (6911 words)

	Chapter 5J: Mineral Resource Extraction
		Several mineral resource extraction activities occur near or along the California shoreline.
		A wide variety of mineral resources exist offshore the California coast, although limitations in feasibility and economics, as well as the potential environmental impacts of extraction operations, have eliminated plans to recover these minerals at this time.
		Development of deep ocean mineral resources could require processing facilities on ships using technology and equipment that is not currently available in the United States.
	resources.ca.gov /ocean/html/chapt_5j.html (1210 words)

	ABN12 - Ecological Carrying Capacity Effects of Resource Extraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We began with the premise that resource extraction activities have to be undertaken with a view to the ecological carrying capacity of the relevant ecosystems.
		We asked the panelists to consider the ecological carrying capacity impacts of six resource extraction activities - timber harvesting in coastal British Columbia, timber harvesting in the boreal forest and British Columbia interior, iron ore and coal mining, limestone quarrying and aggregates extraction - in terms of four impact dimensions: intensity, extent, duration and significance.
		In some cases, a relatively low extraction impact per unit of resource will be overshadowed by the mass or volume of resource required.
	www.sb04.org /abn/abn12ecc.htm (1610 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar
		Therefore, we may expect group size to be smaller and female-biased in areas where resources are limiting, because primate group size is often correlated with food patch size and abundance; limitations in food may reduce immigration by males (Terborgh 1983, Ganzhorn 1988).
		We are in the process of quantifying the amount and type of resources removed from the forest by local villagers at various distances along trails, close and far from villages.
		The use of these border forests for intensified extraction may ultimately lower their habitat suitability for lemurs and other creatures, but it provides a key element in the overall conservation and resource management strategy for the entire peninsula.
	www.consecol.org /Journal/vol2/iss2/art5 (8068 words)

	E & E, Inc. - Natural Resource Management
		Resource extraction needs to consider the requirements for clean water and air, maintenance of diverse biological resources, and access to outdoor recreation and safe food.
		The extent to which natural resources are protected for sustainable use may become a country's most important competitive advantage in the coming years.
		We evaluate natural resources and develop management plans that balance resource extraction and other uses, as well as preserving cultural resources and heritage.
	www.ene.com /services/natural_resource_management.asp (547 words)

	Andre Costopoulos: Evaluating the impact of increasing memory on agent behaviour
		The correlation between extraction and memory size is significant in runs 1 and 4 (r = 0.312, sig 0.05 and r = 0.689, sig 0.000, respectively) while it is not significant for runs 2 and 3 (and r = 0.277, sig 0.083 and r = 0.011, sig 0.958, respectively).
		Extraction pattern for agent 1; dark blue line shows the daily distance to the point of greatest extraction and shows periods during which agent 1 is sedentary.
		Extraction pattern for agent 14; dark blue line shows that agent 14 regularly returns to the point at which it experienced an early, high yield extraction event associated with SR13.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /4/4/7.html (4512 words)

	Exploring Canada's North: Nature - resources
		As resources are being used up in the south, oil and gas, mining, and forestry industries are moving northward.
		Resource industries bring needed jobs to people in the North, but they also have environmental consequences.
		A natural resource that is limited to the amount that currently exists on earth and will not renew itself; for example, oil, coal and gold.
	www.ecokids.ca /pub/eco_info/topics/canadas_north/nature/resources.cfm (383 words)

	State Forest Resource Management Plan - Comments
		The current State Forest Resource Plan for the 2.1 million acres of state forest land is in the process of being updated.
		It was suggested that the bureau be cognizant of fragmentation as a result of resource extraction and the development of facilities.
		It was felt that the bureau should continue to use science in managing the timber resource on state forest land.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/resourceplan/index.aspx (3007 words)

	ABN12 - Ecological Carrying Capacity Effects of Resource Extraction
		The model takes account of environmental impacts from the resource extraction and product manufacturing stages, through on-site construction, operations and maintenance to ultimate demolition and disposal of a structure, including transportation within and between activity stages.
		We began with the premise that resource extraction activities have to be undertaken with a view to the ecological carrying capacity of the relevant ecosystems.
		We asked the panelists to consider the ecological carrying capacity impacts of six resource extraction activities - timber harvesting in coastal British Columbia, timber harvesting in the boreal forest and British Columbia interior, iron ore and coal mining, limestone quarrying and aggregates extraction - in terms of four impact dimensions: intensity, extent, duration and significance.
	greenbuilding.ca /abn/abn12ecc.htm (1610 words)

	Legal Remedies for the Resource Curse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		When resource extraction companies can obtain oil, diamonds, gold, coltan, timber, and other natural resources through covert contacts with unaccountable government officials, the losers are the people in the communities where the wealth originates.
		Local populations suffer the effects of the "resource curse," including the destruction of their immediate environment and the social and economic devastation that follows: arbitrary eviction and dispossession, unlawful arrest or harassment, and neglect of health care, housing, and education.
		Although corruption in transnational resource extraction is generally subject to inadequate legal safeguards, the report identifies opportunities for civil society action.
	www.soros.org /resources/articles_publications/publications/remedies_20050906 (388 words)

	PSRD:: Cosmochemistry and Human Exploration
		The meeting was co-sponsored by the Space Resources Roundtable, Inc. (a nonprofit organization dedicated to the use of space resources for the benefit of humankind), the Lunar and Planetary Institute, and the Colorado School of Mines.
		Using space resources for propellant will reduce the cost of operating in space by allowing complex extraction systems built on Earth to replace the tremendous payloads of inert propellant that now must be transported into space.
		They will find the resources on other planets--indeed, they already have identified and determined the chemical and mineralogical properties of several key resources such as the presence of helium-3 for use in nuclear fusion reactors or concentrations of ilmenite for use as a feedstock for oxygen extraction.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Dec04/spaceResources.html (4093 words)

	" Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula" -Mtn-Forum On-Line Library ...
		To test the sensitivity of lemur species to routine extraction of natural resources by local villagers, we compared population demography and density for both species across six study sites, using a new census technique.
		Three of the study sites were closer to villages and, therefore, were more impacted by resource extraction than the others.
		Monitoring of these species continues in buffer zone areas of the park, where resource extraction is still permitted.
	www.mtnforum.org /resources/library/merex98a.htm (312 words)

	The Oil Drum \| The Tragic Consequences of the High Discounting of Oil Extraction
		Thus, since resource extraction [consumption] is proportional to the remaining deposit, it also falls at a constant rate.
		Resource consumers will have an incentive to announce the development of a backstop technology, and resource owners will react to this threat by raising the extraction rate and lowering the resource price (if the demand curve is downward sloping).
		In fact, the entire edifice of Cornucopian thought regarding oil and its extraction may be thought of as a rationalization for the human tendency to discount the future and thus deprive future generations of access to the resource.
	www.theoildrum.com /story/2006/10/21/105241/70 (13273 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar
		Over the long term, changes in lemur densities due to selective natural resource extraction may negatively influence efforts to manage these forests sustainably for production of subsistence and commercial forest products, because lemurs are important pollinator and dispersal agents.
		We are in the process of quantifying the amount and type of resources removed from the forest by local villagers at various distances along trails, close and far from villages.
		The use of these border forests for intensified extraction may ultimately lower their habitat suitability for lemurs and other creatures, but it provides a key element in the overall conservation and resource management strategy for the entire peninsula.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol2/iss2/art5 (8068 words)

	Evaluation Resource for Sentence Extraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In this section, we describe the collection of judgments to create the evaluation resource used to test summary-directed sentence extraction.
		The majority of systems use sentence extraction as a complete approach to summarization in that the sentences extracted from the text are, in fact, the summary presented to the user.
		Thus, the goals of our ``sentence extraction for generation'' task differ from ``sentence extraction as summarization'' in that we seek high recall of key information.
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /~min/papers/resources/node11.html (229 words)

	‘Tall White’ Extraterrestrials, Technology Transfer and Resource Extraction from Earth
		The resource extraction that is occurring may be nothing more than the benign exchange of food, clothes and metals for advanced technology supplied by the Tall Whites.
		On the other hand, a more sinister extraction of Earth resources is happening, one that may involve the relocation of humans who are fed and clothed by material supplied to the Tall Whites by the USAF, who feel powerless to prevent this.
		Whatever the truth concerning the resource extraction that is happening, it is important that the general public become informed of what is occurring in these secret trade agreements, and ensure that such transactions are marked by transparency, accountability and a democratic decision making process.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /esp_autor_hall05.htm (3791 words)

	Resource Extraction Occupations Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Resource Extraction Occupations Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		Looking For resource extraction occupations - Find resource extraction occupations and more at Lycos Search.
		Find resource extraction occupations - Your relevant result is a click away!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Category:Resource_extraction_occupations (208 words)

	[No title]
		Some resources may be better suited for particular uses, such as petroleum products as fuel for automobiles, whereas other contributions may be more problematic, for example, running an automobile on coal.
		One resource may be cheaper for one demand and more costly for another demand when compared to other resources.
		More generally, strong absolute advantage in either resource leads to specialization and in that case, it is unlikely that a single resource would be used for all uses at the beginning.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~carsonvs/papers/416.doc (770 words)

	Variations on the Basic Exhaustible Resource Allocation Model
		We assume the market for an exhaustible resource is competitive and each individual resource owner is trying to maximize his or her profits (rents) from the resource through time.
		Note that the "resource stock" in these problems is equivalent to "potential reserves" in the USGS resource taxonomy, not "current reserves." Over time, rising prices effectively convert marginally sub-economic resources to reserves, and market expectations account for anticipated future discoveries of new reserves.
		Since extraction itself causes the increase in MC, this adds another element to the opportunity cost of consumption: each unit extracted directly increases the costs of each subsequent unit extracted.
	www.udel.edu /johnmack/frec834/exhaust_resources2.html (1628 words)

	Tsunamis and Reckless Resource Extraction — The Unknown Link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Even fewer know the link between this type of intensified resource extraction and the immense impact of recent tsunamis in Asia.
		The experience of the six hamlets protected by the mangrove — comprising a population of about 6191 — differs significantly from that of the five hamlets located on or near to the open beach, which were totally devastated.
		A total of 17 hamlets were making use of the resources of the Pichavaram mangrove wetlands, which occupies an area of some 1400 hectares.
	www.ased.org /artman/publish/printer_680.shtml (755 words)

	NJAS: Restricting Resource Extraction in The Pinelands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Acquisition of land by public agencies by itself is insufficient to protect resources.
		The other two legs of the conservation triad also have to operate: voluntary stewardship (which by itself is also insufficient) and regulation of land use in the public interest, which is the case with this proposal.
		Adoption of this proposal will conserve seven thousand acres of an important resource and fills an important gap in the implementation of the Pinelands Comprehensive Plan.
	www.njaudubon.com /Conservation/opinions/93aut.html (1030 words)

	Nature Conservancy News Room - Compatible Development and Resource Extraction Activities
		No one organization, or even a combination of all conservation organizations, has the financial resources to simply buy up all the world's most important wildlife habitat and fragile landscapes.
		The Post series alleged that the Conservancy engages in resource extraction activities on ecologically sensitive lands at the risk of the species we seek to protect.
		It should be recognized that oil and gas extraction have been going on at this site for at least 50 years, with far fewer restrictions in place than the Conservancy’s drilling operation.
	www.nature.org /pressroom/links/art10294.html (1875 words)

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