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	Mass and energy in the fundamental theory of space and time
		is the rest mass in the fundamental frame: it is not the rest mass in all inertial frames.
		In relativity, since no absolute frame exists, the mass of a body at rest in a given "inertial" frame, viewed by an observer of this frame, is always identical, whatever this "inertial" frame may be.
		This mass is defined as the proper mass or the rest mass of the body.
	www.levynewphysics.com /8-Massandenergyinthefundamentaltheory.htm (1941 words)

	Mass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Passive gravitational mass is a measure of the strength of an object's interaction with the gravitational field.
		One of the consequences of the equivalence of inertial mass and passive gravitational mass is the fact, famously demonstrated by Galileo Galilei, that objects with different masses fall at the same rate, assuming factors like air resistance are negligible.
		This assumption, known as the conservation of mass, rests on the ideas that (i) mass is a measure of the amount of matter contained in a body, and (ii) matter can never be created or destroyed, only split up or recombined.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mass (2645 words)

	Learn more about Mass in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mass is a property of physical objects which, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter contained in an object.
		Gravitational mass is a measure of the strength of an object's interaction with the gravitational force.
		Inertial mass is determined using Newton's second and third laws of motion (see classical mechanics.) Given an object with a known inertial mass, we can obtain the inertial mass of any other object by making the two objects exert a force on each other.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/ma/mass.html (1155 words)

	AllRefer.com - mass, in physics (Physics) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Because the numerical value for the mass of a body is the same anywhere in the world, it is used as a basis of reference for many physical measurements, such as density and heat capacity.
		is the rest mass of the body, v is its speed, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
		Because of this equivalence of mass and energy, the law of conservation of energy was extended to include mass as a form of energy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/mass.html (477 words)

	Relativistic mass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rest mass, or invariant mass, is an observer independent quantity, while the relativistic mass, or apparent mass depends on one's frame of reference.
		In the earlier years of relativity, it was the relativistic mass that was taken to be the "correct" notion of mass, and the invariant mass was referred to as the rest mass.
		The primary reason that most physicists chose to abandon relativistic mass in favor of the rest mass is that rest mass is a Lorentz invariant quantity — it is the same in every reference frame.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Rest_mass (1595 words)

	Mass Article, Mass Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Gravitational mass is a measure of the strength of an object's interaction with the gravitational field.
		This equivalence between inertial andgravitational mass is at the heart of the theory of generalrelativity.
		This theory was a response to the experimental observation that the inertial and gravitational masses are equal, to a highlevel of precision.
	www.anoca.org /gravitational/inertial/mass.html (1237 words)

	Restless Mass
		At other points in the cycle, the particles are at rest with respect to their common center of mass, but the total amount of energy in the system with respect to any given inertial frame is constant, so the effective rest mass of the configuration is constant over the entire cycle.
		The rest mass of a configuration of arbitrarily moving particles is simply the norm of the sum of their individual energy-momentum vectors.
		This is consistent with the previous result, i.e., the rest mass of two particles in equal and opposite motion about the center of the configuration is simply the sum of their (transverse) relativistic masses, i.e., the sum of their energies.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath232/kmath232.htm (1479 words)

	III 3 The Nature of Rest Mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The rest mass of a particle is determined by the internal unit matter substructure of the particle.
		The proposed new mechanical insight however is: because the rest mass-energy of a particle is a closed loop, there is always a component of the energy in the loop which works against the momentum of the particle as the particle moves through the background of matter.
		In other words, rest mass energy is an energy that because of its closed loop nature drags on the background, and the drag increases with velocity according to the relativistic equations.
	www.starlight-pub.com /Matter/PartIII/III3Mass.html (492 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In special relativity, rest mass is an obsolete term used to describe what is today simply referred to as mass.
		(formerly called "mass", but now called energy) increases with velocity (v), and the rest mass m is the inertial mass at v=0, which corresponds to the classical notion of mass.
		The terms rest mass and relativistic mass can be still be found in elementary textbooks and popularisations of relativity, but their use is depreciated in graduate-level physics.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/r/re/rest_mass.html (117 words)

	Relativistic mass
		One is forced to make statements like "The rest mass of a photon is zero", which sounds slightly odd because a photon can never be at rest, it always travels at the speed of light.
		A related misconception is that the idea of relativistic mass combined with the notion of Lorentz contractions leads some people to the absurd conclusion that an object traveling fast enough will form a fl hole.
		The rest mass satisfies this requirement (in fact, it is actually a Lorentz invariant quantity — it is the same in every reference frame).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/relativistic_mass (1173 words)

	What is rest mass? How to explain it especially to the high school students?
		One of the consequences of Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905) is that the mass of an object increases with its velocity relative to the observer.
		Mass measures the amount of inertia an object has, with inertia defined as the resistance the object offers to a change in its state of motion.
		is its mass at rest, v is its velocity, c is the speed of light.
	www.physlink.com /Education/AskExperts/ae161.cfm (548 words)

	sciforums.com - Relativistic Mass vs. Rest Mass
		You have an infinite number of distinct relativistic rest masses, relative to an infinite number of objects moving at various speeds relative to you.
		Rest mass of hydrogen molecule (or you may wish to call it simply mass) is the same according to any observer, but its energy (energy associated to its rest mass plus its kinetic energy) are not observer-independent.
		The rest mass is the constant part of mass, while the "relativistic mass" is simply energy.
	www.sciforums.com /printthread.php?t=34014&pp=40 (5300 words)

	What is the mass of a photon?
		The rest mass is always the same for the same type of particle.
		But when only rest mass is being used, then the word "mass" is assumed to mean rest mass, and it tends to be written simply as m.
		If the rest mass of the photon were non-zero, the theory of quantum electrodynamics would be "in trouble" primarily through loss of gauge invariance, which would make it non-renormalisable; also, charge conservation would no longer be absolutely guaranteed, as it is if photons have zero rest mass.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/photonMass.html (1047 words)

	Time dilation/length contraction
		It follows from the Lorentz transformation when collisions are described from a fixed and moving reference frame, where it arises as a result of conservation of momentum.
		Even though circumstances like that described at the Cambridge accelerator are conveniently described by assuming an increasing mass, that is not the only way to describe these experiments, and there are problems with the concept of variable relativistic mass.
		Upon being introduced to special relativity for the first time, it is easier to contemplate concepts like the speed of light as the speed limit of the universe by envisioning the mass as increasing to infinity at velocity c.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/relativ/tdil.html (431 words)

	Physics and Astronomy Forums - Rest Mass - General Physics Discussion
		Rest mass is the mass an object has in the frame where it's not moving.
		Relativistic mass -- a term which should never have been invented -- is the "apparent" mass an object has.
		Since "relativistic mass" is just another name for energy (with a scaling factor), it's generally deprecated.
	www.physlink.com /Community/Forums/viewmessages.cfm?Forum=17&Topic=849 (137 words)

	Science Forums and Debate - Questions about inertial mass
		inertial mass is the mass of a body as determined by the second law of motion from the acceleration of the body when it is subjected to a force that is not due to gravity aka f=ma
		Rest mass is the objects 'inertia' (resistance to acceleration) as measured in a frame of reference in which the object is at rest, and remaining so, hence it's measured in the vacuum, where the gravitational potential is approximately zero.
		Where are you getting the idea that if something is moving in your rest frame with speed v, and you push it with force F in the direction of motion and give it acceleration a1, that the same force applied perpendicular to v would give it an acceleration a2, which is different from a1.
	www.scienceforums.net /forums/printthread.php?t=9341 (2133 words)

	Rest & Mass-energy in Pluralistic Parcellular Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This zero-point motion of true rest is by definition the state of zero energy, equivalent to the zero-point energy of the quantum vacuum - which we therefore discover to be naturally a component of the quantity "rest mass".
		In other words, rest mass (or rest momentum) is a complex function of positive and negative quantities, respectively like a kinetic energy and a vacuum energy, which latter is in quantum field theory held to reside in an unbounded flux of virtual particles.
		Far from mass being a "cause" of gravity, we say that both gravitational and inertial mass are equivalent expressions of the local gauge invariance of the spacetime "field" under metrical transformations.
	www.parcellular.fsnet.co.uk /parc.mech.10.htm.htm (5206 words)

	sciforums.com - Mass and rest mass
		Mo is its rest mass — the proper mass, i.
		Electron and its half rest mass analog in the spectrum of the elementary particles were left in the another thread, so, leave your doubts aside
		So, the relativistic generalization of the kinetic energy is (7), the relativistic generalization of mass is (5), the relativistic generalization of momentum is (6) and the relativistic generalization of the total energy of a free body is
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?p=737144 (2634 words)

	[No title]
		Mass is assumed to be fundamental physical property.
		If it could be shown that this momentum is directly proportional to a particle's rest mass, then a particle could be shown as a type of photon traveling in curled up dimension.
		The vector addition of momentum and the special relativity equations for relativistic mass are identical.
	home.att.net /~bob.rutkiewicz/Mass.htm (1228 words)

	The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
		In Newtonian physics, the inertial mass of a body is a measure of that body's resistance to acceleration.
		This is significant because it emphasizes that mass-energy equivalence is not a consequence of a theory of matter; it is instead a direct consequence of changes to the structure of spacetime imposed by SR (see Section 3, Derivations of Mass-Energy Equivalence: History).
		This minority holds that the numerical equivalence of mass and energy is not sufficient to conclude that the two properties are the same.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/win2003/entries/equivME (4472 words)

	Physics Help and Math Help - Physics Forums - Neutrino rest mass
		Not surprising.In mass matrix their contribution is so minute that it can be freely neglected,while in the decays and other related processes they still carry out observable momentum and energy.
		My impression is that change of view on neutrinos rest masses has its' origin in extension of minimal standard model (evolving of the Standard model).Especially,after recent attempts to introduce Higgs field mechanism to explain how particles acquire masses.
		I guess if the mass was small enough, the neutrino could be accelerated to.999999c and we might not notice that it was moving a bit less than c.
	www.physicsforums.com /printthread.php?t=29658 (1258 words)

	The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
		Furthermore, in classical physics, the inertial mass of a body is independent of its relative state of motion.
		Finally, by saying that mass and energy are the same, these thinkers are suggesting that the denotation of the terms "mass" and "energy" is the same, though they recognize that the connotation of these terms is clearly different.
		Interpretations in the second group establish a connection between the terms "mass" and "energy," which are again treated as terms designating properties, and the two basic constituents in the ontology of physics: matter and fields.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/equivME (5138 words)

	Relativistic and rest mass - Physics Help and Math Help - Physics Forums
		Rest mass is defined as the inertial mass (i.e.
		Inertial mass, as the term is used in relativity, is idenical with relativistic mass.
		But for me at least the whole concept of inertial mass is directly rooted to F = ma, so I'm not sure it's particualrly good idea to call any quanitty in relativty the inertial mass (except the rest mass of an object in it's rest frmae which is unambigiously the inertial mass in that frame).
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=64979 (1319 words)

	Mass Medium New Scientist Article
		How can these physicists claim they have discovered the origin of mass when their proposed mechanism fails to explain the very things that make it what it is? Well, as Bill Clinton might say, it all depends on what you mean by mass.
		The result is a retarding force, which is proportional to the acceleration, as in Newton's second law, which defines inertial mass as the ratio of the force acting on an object to the acceleration produced.
		It might be possible to cancel mass, creating an inertia-less drive that could accelerate a spaceship to nearly the speed of light in the blink of an eye.
	www.calphysics.org /articles/newscientist.html (2198 words)

	Relativistic Energy
		is a statement about the energy an object contains as a result of its mass and is not to be construed as an exception to the principle of conservation of energy.
		The quantum energies of the gamma rays is equal to the sum of the mass energies of the two particles (including their kinetic energies).
		The relativistic energy expression includes both rest mass energy and the kinetic energy of motion.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/relativ/releng.html (350 words)

	Paradoxes Resolved, Origins Illuminated - No such animal as Proton Rest Mass
		Using E=m c2 with this energy, this result suggests the mass of an elysium particle (unit of the light-carrying medium) is of order 2.5x10-45 grams, or 1.5x10-21 of the proton rest mass.
		He says it is equivalent to the proton rest mass.
		The proton rest mass is simply the electron rest mass multiplied by the proton-electron mass ratio.
	www.metaresearch.org /msgboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=637 (532 words)

	THE DISCOVERY OF NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS
		This mass, while the smallest non-zero mass yet observed for elementary particles (excluding the neutral kaon, which is a composite), is still sufficient that the relic neutrinos which were made in staggering numbers at the time of the Big Bang, account for a significant fraction of the mass of the universe.
		On the other extreme, if the neutrino masses are of several eV total (and what we are measuring is only the small difference between two states with nearly the same mass), then neutrinos could be the dominant mass in the universe.
		The range of a force is inversely proportional to the mass of the particle carrying the force (the uncertainty principle), and this is why electromagnetism and gravity have infinite range (the force carriers have zero mass).
	www.phys.hawaii.edu /~jgl/nuosc_story.html (7077 words)

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