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Topic: Film restoration

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	Robert A. Harris: Film Restoration on the eve of the Millennium A View from the Trenches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Films restored have run the gamut from the earliest works of cinema to the films of Griffith, Gance and their contemporaries - to the late silent and early sound era - and on to the Technicolor period and beyond.
		The basics of film restoration, not unique to any era involve the gathering of all elements worldwide for the film to be restored or reconstructed, as well as all production and post production paperwork extant.
		Equally important to actual films being "restored," are the plethora of concepts, definitions and ill-researched journalistic reports about where we are and precisely what film "restoration" is all about.
	www.in70mm.com /newsletter/1999/59/film/restoration.htm (1143 words)

	Keep Moving Images > Case Studies > Case Studies > Film Restoration, Film Preservation
		And between the two terms, “restoration” is certainly the favored word, as it implies that some unspecified heroic action was presumably taken to return a deteriorated film to its original state (whatever that is).
		When a film is preserved these days, the ideal result is that you end up with new film materials that reflect the best possible and/or available combination of source elements to enable the movie to be newly printable, not to mention ensured an extended longevity due to the increased stability of these new film elements.
		Keeping film rolls in plastic bags inside the can may not be a major problem as long as the film can breathe and the bag plastic is relatively inert, but unless you’re otherwise only able to store your film in rusty cans or you have no cans whatsoever, there’s no real point to it.
	kmi.lux.org.uk /casestudies/filmrestoration.htm (3814 words)

	Film Restoration
		Since nearly all films today are shot in color, and since many of the earlier color processes were unstable, color preservation and restoration is a particular problem.
		Film scholars and others eventually realized that this attitude was short sighted and that history was being allowed to decay along with all those old movies.
		Although film restoration is often in the news nowadays, we seldom ask ourselves what its purpose should be.
	www.selu.edu /kslu/filmrestoration.html (953 words)

	The Markopoulos Temenos - Markopoulos Film Restoration
		Considered by film critics to be a master of visionary film, Markopoulos's achievements have occupied a place in the history of filmmaking parallel to those of filmmakers Andy Warhol and Stan Brakhage.
		Restoration of his films, and especially of his later unseen work ENIAIOS, is critical to both public and specialized understanding of his achievement.
		Markopoulos's films contain the most complex montage in the history of film, and the restoration process requires careful repair of every splice and the preservation of each single film frame.
	www.the-temenos.org /restoration.htm (564 words)

	The Digital Film Restoration Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The next phase includes the detection of cuts and scratches parallel to the direction of film transport, which are the first defects to be removed.
		During the restoration process the pixel differences to a previously generated reference frame are calculated, resulting in the dust mask (middle right image).
		The pixels indicated by the dust mask are eventually restored using an average value from the previous and next frames.
	www.vcpc.univie.ac.at /activities/projects/FRAME/FRAME_Restoration.html (336 words)

	Restore your 8MM Super8 and 16MM Film to DVD Video - Video Conversion Experts - Chandler, AZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		So, for example, a film that had an initial quality of 9 that degraded moderately to a quality rating of 6 today, might be restored to a 9 (its initial quality) or maybe better because we have more to work with.
		On the other hand, a film that had an initial quality of 7 that degraded significantly to a quality rating of 3 today, might only be restored to a 5 because we have so much less to work with.
		We might be able to restore an amateur film with a quality of 6 to a 9 but cannot restore an amateur film with a quality of 2 to a 9 because we have so much less to work with.
	www.videoconversionexperts.com /Film_to_DVD/Film_Restoration.htm (3181 words)

	First Person: Restoring Film with Digital Recombination
		The companies restored substantial portions of the original film, but one reel suffered damage to the point where traditional photo-mechanical and photo-chemical restoration methods were not sufficient, causing them to try a tricky digital recombination technique.
		The company primarily specializes in photo-chemical restorations in both 35mm and 65mm and is one of the few facilities in the world capable of processing 65mm negatives and manufacturing prints.
		Film Technology was involved in the recent Citizen Kane restoration and has worked on hundreds of other feature films.
	millimeter.com /mag/video_first_person_restoring (2806 words)

	AMIA: Publications & Resources: Resources: Reports: 1998 Conference Proceedings: 4
		To keep the costs down for both contemporary post-production and film restoration, it is essential to stay away from individual workstations (except in the case of extreme or massive damage).
		The restoration of the faded color was accomplished photochemically using proprietary filters and a printing method which utilizes color separations and interpositives during printing.
		Film outputs and records are produced for archival storage to insure that the end product of the digital work will be preserved on film.
	www.amianet.org /publication/resources/reports/Miami/04.html (2651 words)

	[No title]
		Restoration routes via monochrome separations and back onto a colour intermediate sometimes produce good results, but the adjustments to the contrast of the separations in order to compensate for faded dyes is difficult to estimate accurately and this work is usually done empirically.
		In Cineon, restoration of faded colour archive films can be done by applying adjustments to the relative amounts of R, G &B information This is done by increasing the range of pixel brightnesses that relate to faded dyes to equal those of assumed unfaded dyes.
		Film recorders are slow, varying from resolution onto colour negative film up to 4K pixels per line at 1 frame every 6 secs and costing $1.5M or more to a Solitaire Cine III [and numerous other individually made units] recording at 2K or less at 1 frame every 30 secs or more and costing $150,000.
	www2.iperbole.bologna.it /faol/Vade.doc (2114 words)

	Film restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Film restoration is going great guns in Hollywood, but no matter how fast movies are fixed, the backlog remains daunting.
		The frame-by-frame restoration of the 600-foot segment was dropped into the newly transferred HD master.
		Smirnoff notes that a photochemical restoration would not have resulted in as clean a product: Because of the film's star fields and flashing lights, a frame-by-frame digital restoration was the only way to get rid of the dirt and scratches without deleting parts of the image that could be mistaken for dust or dirt.
	www.hollywoodreporter.com /hr/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=2053173 (1963 words)

	Film Fix
		The technology for Film Fix was developed by Green Parrot Pictures’ Dr. Anil, a pioneer in motion picture restoration with over 25 years of experience in the field.
		Film Fix utilizes FAME (Fast Accurate Motion Estimation), which processes pixel-accurate image data at different scales similar to the way the human eye views the world.
		We also recommend Film Fix to post houses that would be interested in expanding their services to include film restoration work for their clients.
	www.redgiantsoftware.com /filmfix1.html (671 words)

	Kansas State Collegian: Digital film restoration revives once-lost classic cinematic gems 11/14/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Film is a powerful and captivating medium for art, emotion and belief.
		Not only are classic and historical films being found and restored, but they also are being made available to the general public for the first time in decades.
		While the film restoration and preservation movement is probably the most important byproduct of the digital revolution, it is not without problems.
	www.kstatecollegian.com /stories/111403/art_harrop.shtml (491 words)

	Academy Film Archive - Profile of the Academy Film Archive - Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
		The Academy Film Archive is a part of the Academy Foundation, the educational and cultural arm of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
		The Archive participates on the archival council of the Film Foundation and the Sony Preservation Committee and is a full member of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) and is active in the Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA).
		A leader in the field of motion picture preservation and restoration, the Archive has participated in the restoration of several Best Picture winners including "How Green Was My Valley" (1941), "All about Eve" (1950), "All the King's Men" (1949) and "In the Heat of the Night" (1967).
	www.oscars.org /filmarchive/profile_film.html (664 words)

	RPG - Film Restoration and Preservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Restoration projects require personnel from various fields of post-production.
		Working together as a team, specialists in film, audio and digital media create a comprehensive resource of solutions.
		Your project benefits from all the synergy of ideas that happen when people with these skills work together as one team.
	www.rpgproductions.com /restoration.htm (68 words)

	Post: Film Restoration: What's old is new again; Demand for better picture and sound is driving the need
		As movies are re-released for these new digital markets, film restoration experts say the viewer's growing sophistication and expectations mean that dirt, scratches and other defects are just not acceptable.
		While film restoration conjures up images of classic movies affected by decades of wear and tear many titles being restored are only five or 10 years old, with film elements in comparatively good condition.
		The first step is a technical evaluation of all existing film preprint elements (optical and magnetic) to determine their condition and make sure there's a complete useable picture and track to work with.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HNN/is_2_17/ai_83034530 (1368 words)

	Cineric, Inc.:Press Release!
		Tom Heitman, Cineric’s director of preservation and restoration, declined to explain how the yellow matte is created, saying only that it is a proprietary photographic process made more efficient by the use of a great deal of computing power.
		Liquid gates are common film-restoration tools; they handle film gently and prevent slight scratches and holes that have not intruded into the color layers from showing up when the original is copied.
		Film restoration and preservation, however, is only part of Cineric’s business.
	www.cineric.com /futuraprojects.html (1070 words)

	RESTORATION RISING
		In recent years, great strides have been made in the field of film preservation and restoration, both within studios and in film archives, where the preservation movement was born.
		It is commonly estimated that 90 percent of silent film produced before 1930 and 50 percent of all film produced in the nitrate portion of the sound era, between 1930 and 1955, has been lost forever—burned, misplaced, mishandled, or turned literally to dust from decay and degradation.
		But that is not always possible, and with no overarching system of ethics or aesthetic guidelines when it comes to film restoration, each project comes to rely very much on the personal choices of the restoration team.
	www.filmjournal.com /filmjournal/features/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000694015 (1562 words)

	Digital Film Restoration
		Today, digital recording is the best way to inherit the current state of a film as it is. In addition to this, digitizing a movie allow us to apply the movie the digital restoration technology, which can bring back the original images in the films from the past.
		On the other hand, there are activities of digital film restoration in which movies are restored by using image processing technologies.
		Lastly, to play the movie, all restored images are printed on movie films by using film recorder, or high-resolution digital video data.
	www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp /dm2k-umdb/publish_db/books/dm2000/english/01/01-15.html (673 words)

	Classic film restoration techniques discussed during Archives Week 09/99
		AUSTIN, Texas—State-of-the-art techniques in film restoration and efforts to halt the loss of valuable old film footage will be among discussion highlights during a five-day celebration of Archives Week in Austin, scheduled for Oct. 11-15 at The University of Texas at Austin.
		Film and video buffs interested in state-of-the-art techniques in film restoration may find interest in the 7:30 p.m.
		Instrumental in the restoration of such classics as Hal Roach/Pathe's 1922 Our Gang, and Frederick Warde's 1912 Richard III, Lukow is known as a leading authority on the vast treasure of America's moving images and as exponent for active intervention against their deterioration.
	www.utexas.edu /opa/news/99newsreleases/nr_199909/nr_archives990928.html (338 words)

	Film
		Film and TV Connection, an established entertainment industry school where students train for careers in the film, TV and video fields.
		Women in Film and Video.Women in Film and Video (WIFV) of Washington, DC is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing professional development and achievement for women working in all areas of film, video, multimedia, and related disciplines.
		Films about war or films which were influenced in some way by war.
	www.zeroland.co.nz /movies_cinema.html (439 words)

	FAOL5
		They are truly "restorers", a word that it is used for many other arts - but not yet for cinema - in order to identify a professional whose competence is beyond the usual separation between archivists - keeping the scientific knowledge - and technicians - caring for the technical problems.
		In facts, the restorers of L'Immagine Ritrovata have followed a training route which departed from film history, arrived to film technology history and led to film restoration techniques, methods and philology.
		Also, because restorers of his staff are actively working also on the philological and methodological problems of film restoration, having contributed to several projects, books, seminars, and to the debates and discussions about establishing a Theory for film restoration.
	www2.iperbole.bologna.it /faol/page31.html (291 words)

	The Digital Film Restoration Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		US $ 300,000) a system can be set up that is able to restore films at a rate of 10-70 seconds per frame.
		It is sufficient to enable restoration of films at a commercially attractive price.
		The actual price will, of course, be largely determined by the amount of damage the film has suffered.
	www.hoise.com /ttn/frame2.html (397 words)

	CNN - Film restoration more than 'Rear Window'-dressing - Dec. 11, 1997
		To enhance its image quality, the restored version will be among the first films printed in Technicolor's new dye-transfer process (so far used only experimentally with a few prints of Warner Bros.' "Giant" reissue and "Batman & Robin").
		Yet were it not for a recent technological breakthrough conceived by the restorers and developed by Phil Feiner, executive vice president of Pacific Title film lab, a complete restoration of "Rear Window" would not have been achievable.
		The restorers were first stymied by the yellow-layer problem last year when trying to correct the revelatory flashback in "Vertigo." Frustrated by their inability to restore the sequence, they later approached Feiner about devising a solution for subsequent restorations.
	www.cnn.com /SHOWBIZ/9712/11/rearwindow.restoration.lat (1260 words)

	Apple - Pro/Film - John D. Lowry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		You may not know that films before 1950 were shot on nitrate-based cellulose film, an unstable medium prone to disintegration, even conflagration.
		But when I suggest to Lowry that fans of recent films like the “Indiana Jones” movies might be surprised that the works of high-profile filmmakers with high-tech production cred would be in anything but pristine condition, he sits me down to explain the facts of film.
		As we walk the lab, Lowry outlines the three-part problem faced by film restorers, making frequent visual references to convenient examples from failing classics.
	www.apple.com /pro/film/lowry (998 words)

	Red Giant Software unveils new film restoration tool
		Using Film Fix, After Effects users can restore tears, remove dust and dirt particles, and stabilise footage originated on film and video resolution material transferred from film.
		Film Fix is the new Holy Grail-its desktop capabilities seriously change the market.
		Film Fix utilises a fast, accurate motion estimation system, which processes pixel-accurate image data at different scales similar to the way the human eye views the world.
	www.4rfv.co.uk /industrynews.asp?id=37188 (410 words)

	Red Giant Software Announces Film Restoration Tool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Using Film Fix, After Effects and Digital Fusion users can restore tears, remove dust and dirt particles, and stabilize footage originated on film and video resolution material transferred from film.
		Film Fix utilizes a fast, accurate motion estimation system, which processes pixel-accurate image data at different scales similar to the way the human eye views the world.
		Film Fix for After Effects (Windows only) will be available for $1,995 USD starting October 1st.
	www.uemedia.com /CPC/2-pop/printer_9912.shtml (280 words)

	Summit Film Lab Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This year, two Summit restorations from the Fox Movietone Newsreel collection were featured during the symposium's opening proceedings on March 25, 2004.
		Summit’s film restoration and film preservation utilizes years of experience in photochemical restoration techniques.
		Analyzing and timing the film to determine the best fl and white or color exposures for each scene is critical to the process and pulls the printing and processing steps together with precise results in image quality and clarity.
	www.summitfilmlab.com /restoration.htm (426 words)

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