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	Restoration - Encyclopedia.com
		Restoration in English history, the reestablishment of the monarchy on the accession (1660) of Charles II after the collapse of the Commonwealth (see under commonwealth) and the Protectorate.
		The term is often used to refer to the entire period from 1660 to the fall of James II in 1688, and in English literature the Restoration period (often called the age of Dryden) is commonly viewed as extending from 1660 to the death of John Dryden in 1700.
		The Restoration period was marked by an advance in colonization and overseas trade, by the Dutch Wars, by the great plague (1665) and the great fire of London (1666), by the birth of the Whig and Tory parties, and by the Popish Plot and other manifestations of anti-Catholicism.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-RestorEng.html (1525 words)

	17th Century Theatre Database
		Italian and Spanish Drama: 1600-1650 - A detailed analysis of the development of dramatic literature in Italy and Spain during the first half of the seventeenth century, with special attention paid to the work of Calderon.
		National Drama: Spain to 1700 - An overview of Spanish drama, from its beginnings to the end of the seventeenth century.
		Restoration Drama - An overview of Restoration theatre; includes information on the appearance of women on the English stage, the persistance of Elizabethan plays, parody of heroic drama, the nature of Restoration comedy, women playwrights, and Collier's attack on the stage.
	www.theatredatabase.com /17th_century (565 words)

	Restoration Drama \| English Drama from 1660 to 1700 \| Questia.com Online Library
		Restoration - in English history, the reestablishment of the monarchy on the accession (1660) of Charles II after the collapse of the Commonwealth (see under commonwealth) and the Protectorate.
		The term is often used to refer to the entire period from 1660 to the fall of James II in 1688, and in English literature the Restoration period (often called the age of Dryden) is commonly viewed as extending from 1660 to the death of John Dryden in 1700.
		The Restoration period was marked by an advance in colonization and overseas trade, by the Dutch Wars, by the great plague (1665) and the great fire of London (1666), by the birth of the Whig and Tory parties, and by the Popish Plot and other manifestations of anti-Catholicism.
	www.questia.com /library/literature/literature-of-specific-countries/british-literature/17th-century/restoration-drama.jsp (1263 words)

	Restoration Drama
		In 1660 the Stuart dynasty was restored to the throne of England.
		The drama of Wycherley and Congreve was the reflection of a small section of life, and it was like life in the same sense that the mirage is like the oasis.
		It was this drama that kept the doors of the theater open and the love of the theater alive in the face of great public opposition.
	www.theatrehistory.com /british/restoration_drama_001.html (2133 words)

	Drama
		Drama as an art form is a far-reaching discipline providing a humanistic approach to today's societal problems and issues.
		Drama wrestles with the most compelling issues of our time, to derive new understanding for the advancement of the human condition.
		Students earning the Bachelor of Arts in drama are prepared to seek employment in the theatre industry, apply for advanced degrees in a specific area of theatre (e.g., MFA in acting or design) or transfer the skills gained through the program to broader career opportunities.
	www.washington.edu /students/gencat/academic/drama.html (3069 words)

	Restoration Comedy
		Following the political and social turmoil of the English Civil War, the Restoration Age was characterized by a sense of loss and cultural disillusion coupled with efforts to restore social stability and cohesion.
		Joseph Wood Krutch contends that Restoration comedy "was derived from the union of certain elements of the old comedy of Humours with certain elements in the romantic plays of the same period.
		The increasing representation in drama of the urban gentry and middle class rather than royalty or aristocracy also corresponded to shifts in the society in which the merchant middle-class was growing in numbers and wealth and introducing into the culture the middle-class values of private ownership and individual rights.
	www.cyberpat.com /shirlsite/essays/restor2.html (5314 words)

	§16. Influence of French Literature on the Restoration Drama. V. The Restoration Drama. Vol. 8. The Age of Dryden. ...
		Influence of French Literature on the Restoration Drama.
		More immediate in its effects was the contemporary French stage, in which much of the literature of exaggerated sentiment was reproduced by forgotten authors, who live now only in the satire which their extravagance inspired in the common-sense of Boileau.
		But the subject of this influence, and of that of the classicism of Corneille and Racine in particular, as well as the use of the rimed couplet in the English drama, and its relations to the heroic play are treated elsewhere; our concern here is with comedy.
	www.bartleby.com /218/0516.html (470 words)

	Restoration and 18th Century Drama
		The theaters established in the wake of Charles II's return from exile in France and the restoration of the monarchy in England (1660) were intended primarily to serve the needs of a socially, politically, and aesthetically homogeneous class.
		Playwrights, retreating from the free-spirited licentiousness of the Restoration, turned toward softer, sentimental comedy and moralizing domestic tragedy.
		Notable exceptions were Oliver Goldsmith, author of She Stoops to Conquer (1773), and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, author of The Rivals (1775) and The School for Scandal (1777), who briefly substituted vigorous laughter for genteel moralizing as the primary goal of comedy.
	us.geocities.com /history_of_theatre_webmaster/restoration_and_18th_century_drama.htm (458 words)

	§26. Nicholas Rowe as a Link between the Later Restoration Drama and that of the Augustan Age. VII. The ...
		Nicholas Rowe as a Link between the Later Restoration Drama and that of the Augustan Age.
		For, though all his plays were produced in the early years of the eighteenth century, his work is thoroughly typical of the drama at the close of the restoration period, and he is more at home with Banks and Southerne than with the writers of the age of Pope.
		Born in 1674, in comfortable circumstances, Rowe, in due course, was called to the bar, but soon abandoned law in order to devote himself wholly to literature.
	www.bartleby.com /218/0726.html (298 words)

	Women in the Restoration Theatre
		Thus, when Charles II was brought back to England and restored to the throne in 1660, along with the scenery and spectacle he had grown used to, this idea of female actors appearing on stage along with men, arrived with him.
		In the male-written Restoration comedy, however, the case was much different and the women were objectified in another way.
		In these Restoration rewrites, the character of Othello was portrayed as a more sympathetic character, helping women identify with his alienation, and “women writers, in producing more sensitive representations of fl characters, were also subtextually presenting more positive representations of themselves” (Pearson 19).
	www26.brinkster.com /arabesques/restorationwomen.html (1855 words)

	[No title]
		In Bredvold, The Literature of the Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1660-1798.
		"The Drama of Sensibility." In Bredvold, The Literature of the Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1660-1798.
		The Theory of Drama in the Restoration Period.
	www.unizar.es /departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/bibliography/Subjects/4.Genres/Drama/Areas.drama.doc/English.drama/4.Restoration.18th.drama.doc (1620 words)

	§17. Molière and Restoration Comedy. V. The Restoration Drama. Vol. 8. The Age of Dryden. The Cambridge ...
		That the finer qualities of Molière, his verve, his buoyancy, ease and success of plot, and sure characterisation, escaped his English imitators is not to be denied; for, apart from the circumstance that few of them were men of more than mediocre parts, the genius of Molière towers above the imitation of any age.
		A list of the borrowings of restoration comedy from the drama of Molière and his contemporaries would unduly burden this page.
		D’Avenant, Dryden, Sedley, Wycherley, Vanbrugh, Crowne and Shadwell all owe debts of plot, character, design and dialogue to French comedy; and, even where the debt may not be specifically ascertainable, the tone of the play, the method of its conduct and the conception of its personages declare the dominant influence of France.
	www.bartleby.com /218/0517.html (377 words)

	§17. Molière and Restoration Comedy. V. The Restoration Drama. Vol. 8. The Age of Dryden. The Cambridge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Influence of French Literature on the Restoration Drama
		That the finer qualities of Molière, his verve, his buoyancy, ease and success of plot, and sure characterisation, escaped his English imitators is not to be denied; for, apart from the circumstance that few of them were men of more than mediocre parts, the genius of Molière towers above the imitation of any age.
		D’Avenant, Dryden, Sedley, Wycherley, Vanbrugh, Crowne and Shadwell all owe debts of plot, character, design and dialogue to French comedy; and, even where the debt may not be specifically ascertainable, the tone of the play, the method of its conduct and the conception of its personages declare the dominant influence of France.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/218/0517.html (377 words)

	University Press of Kentucky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To understand the cultural history of England during the Restoration, one need look no further than the theater, which was attended by the gentry as well as by members of the middle and lower classes.
		In the serious drama of the period, conflict is between noble heroes, upon whom states are built, and transgressors of the established order- tyrants, traitors, usurpers, rapists, and atheists.
		Restoration tragedy stands on the cusp of a cultural transition from a late feudal to an early bourgeois ideology, and the issues and themes addressed in the theater validate the culture and politics of seventeenth-century England.
	www.kentuckypress.com /viewbook.cfm?Category_ID=1&Group=51&ID=393 (468 words)

	PeoplePlay UK - Restoration Drama
		Audiences had a preference for Restoration comedy and heroic tragedy in addition to plays by Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Shakespeare.
		The double standards of courtiers and members of the aristocracy were reflected in Restoration drama’s obsession with social behaviour.
		Restoration dramatists include William Wycherley, George Etherege, Thomas Otway, William Congreve, and George Farquhar.
	www.peopleplayuk.org.uk /guided_tours/drama_tour/renaissance/restoration.php (278 words)

	§26. Nicholas Rowe as a Link between the Later Restoration Drama and that of the Augustan Age. VII. The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nicholas Rowe as a Link between the Later Restoration Drama and that of the Augustan Age.
		For, though all his plays were produced in the early years of the eighteenth century, his work is thoroughly typical of the drama at the close of the restoration period, and he is more at home with Banks and Southerne than with the writers of the age of Pope.
		Born in 1674, in comfortable circumstances, Rowe, in due course, was called to the bar, but soon abandoned law in order to devote himself wholly to literature.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/218/0726.html (298 words)

	Sept
		Because this is the first class on Restoration drama, I have asked you to begin your background reading on the theatre with the introduction from part one of the London Stage.
		John Wallace argues that Dryden’s heroic drama presented the picture of society united by natural bonds of obligation, an ideal which intended to counteract the myriad causes of intrigue and rebellion plaguing post-Restoration England.
		Earl Miner contends that Dryden’s heroic dramas differ from his tragedies and comedies because “they deal not with the reason of life but with the reasons and arguments.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~runge/Restoration-class5.htm (1665 words)

	The Beggar's Opera: The Play
		The Restoration of the theatre was established with the arrival of George II to the throne of England.
		The Puritans had issued a decree outlawing all theatrical spectacle in 1642; "actors were to be punished as rogues." The fun-loving King George countered this action by issuing patents to two companies that would later become the famous Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres in London.
		As a result of the Restoration, audiences were growing, new patents were issued to theatres, and smaller "little theatres" came into existence.
	www.umich.edu /~ece/student_projects/beggars_opera/theater.html (1246 words)

	glbtq >> literature >> English Literature: Restoration and Eighteenth Century
		Lee, possibly homosexual himself and reputedly deranged, was especially adroit in the manipulation of sodomites on the stage without giving political offense, to such a degree that within Restoration dramatic history, he must be considered the master of homosexual representation.
		In summary, Restoration drama displays a broad variety of homosexual male figures ranging from the genitally active braggadocio to the passively effeminate married man. It may be the richest treasure trove in English literature for its diversity of homosexual types.
		However, no appraisal of the homosexuality of the English Restoration can be complete without discussion of its broad cults of cross-dressing that filled a number of socioeconomic purposes.
	www.glbtq.com /literature/eng_lit4_restoration_18c,3.html (785 words)

	ENG ENL 6236: Restoration Literature Syllabus
		This is an appropriate course for students preparing for the master’s examination in Restoration and Eighteenth-century literature as well as graduate students pursuing an interest in early modern culture, poetry, drama, gender or British literature.
		With the exception of classes on 9/1 and 9/15 and the five classes on Restoration Drama (9/22-10/20) each class will be initiated and focused by at least one student presenter.
		During the five weeks we spend on Restoration theatre, students should be involved in research on various aspects of the field.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~runge/ENL6236Restoration_Syl.html (1896 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theatre: Books: Deborah Payne Fisk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This rich and varied portrait of drama from 1660 to 1714 provides students with essential information about playwrights, staging and genres in their social and political context.
		The theater that followed the Restoration of Charles II is revealed in all of its tumult, energy and conflict.
		Contributors pay attention to major and minor playwrights, the first professional female dramatists, the performance aspects of the drama and the main dramatic genres and themes.
	www.amazon.ca /Cambridge-Companion-English-Restoration-Theatre/dp/0521582156 (272 words)

	Renaissance/Restoration Drama Syllabus
		From theories of drama (Aristotle, Donatus, and others) and Roman comedy, we will explore the motifs and dramatic strategies that later comedic writers employ and set these variations in several contexts (classical rhetoric being a prominent one).
		This course is designed to enhance the following skills: 1) the ability to characterize imitation and innovation; 2) the ability to perform rhetorical analysis; and 3) the ability to construct persuasive, historically grounded arguments.
		Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Comedy: Authoritative Texts of the Country Wife, the Man of Mode, the Rover, the Way of the World, the Conscious Lovers, the School for Scandal: Contexts, 2nd edition (Norton Critical Edition; W.W. Norton and Company, 1997), ISBN: 0393963349
	www.lcc.gatech.edu /~cklestinec/Teaching/LCC3218.html (1610 words)

	RESTORATION DRAMA - The New York Review of Books
		The criticism of the restoration in my book appeared to him as less harsh than my statements to the press, the implication being that I was backing off.
		Obviously Honour has not relied upon the restoration reports or upon close observation of the losses to the surface, or to the filing down to eliminate scratches, or the changes in Ilaria's profile, not to mention the new dark spots that have bloomed as a consequence of the intervention.
		Were all of the technical and visual data taken into account: (1) the use of a strong chemical solvent, (2) mechanical removal, (3) the application of the heavy and still experimental synthetic oil called Fomblin which sinks deep into the stone, Honour may well change his mind.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/2738 (747 words)

	University Press of Kentucky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This volume of twelve original essays is the first comprehensive study of feminist issues in Restoration drama.
		Ina n unusually direct and probing way, drama of the Restoration period raised radical questions about the place of women in the family and in society, and about the essential nature of men and women.
		By addressing the acute questions of gender raised in the drama, Broken Boundaries presents a vivid portrait of the uncertainties and changing perceptions in all areas of intellectual, political, and social life during the last decades of the seventeenth century.
	www.kentuckypress.com /viewbook.cfm?Category_ID=1&Group=41&ID=622 (335 words)

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