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Topic: Restorative justice

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	Restorative justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Restorative justice is a theory of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against another individual or community rather than the state.
		Victim-offender mediation, or VOM (also called victim-offender dialogue, victim-offender conferencing, victim-offender reconciliation, or restorative justice dialogue), is usually a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime.
		A community restorative board typically is composed of a small group of citizens, prepared for this function by intensive training, who conduct public, face-to-face meetings with offenders sentenced by the court to participate in the process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Restorative_justice (1570 words)

	[No title]
		Restorative justice is concerned with healing victims' wounds, restoring offenders to law-abiding lives, and repairing harm done to interpersonal relationships and the community.
		Restorative justice is a forward-looking, preventive response that strives to understand crime in its social context.
		Restorative justice in the international context is therefore linked to social structural changes, reconstruction programs to help communities ravaged by conflict, democratization, and the creation of institutions of civil society.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/restorative_justice.jsp (2425 words)

	Restorative Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Restorative justice requires wrongdoers to recognize the harm they have caused, to accept responsibility for their actions and to be actively involved in improving the situation.
		The restorative justice process provides victims with the opportunity to express their feelings about the harm that has been done to them and to contribute their views about what is required to put things right.
		To help a victim decide whether or not to participate in a restorative justice program, the victim should be given complete information about the restorative justice process, possible outcomes, her or his role, the role of the offender and other process participants, as well as information about the criminal justice system options.
	canada.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/voc/rest_just.html (688 words)

	Restorative Justice by Tom Cavanagh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Restorative justice is a valued-based approach to responding to wrongdoing and conflict, with a balanced focus on the person harmed, the person causing the harm, and the affected community.
		Restorative justice focuses on transforming wrongdoing by healing the harm, particularly to relationships, that is created by harmful behavior.
		Restorative justice is a new framework for the criminal justice system that is rapidly gaining acceptance and support by criminal justice professionals and community groups.Restorative justice involves looking beyond retribution to find deeper solutions that heal broken relationships.
	www.restorativejustice.com (208 words)

	Suffolk University: Center for Restorative Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Restorative justice is a broad term which encompasses a growing social movement to institutionalize peaceful approaches to harm, problem-solving and violations of legal and human rights.
		Restorative justice is a value-based approach to conflict and harm.
		Restorative responses re-invest citizens with the power to contribute meaningfully to the resolution of community problems; allows citizens to articulate and affirm the moral standards of the community; provides a forum for addressing the underlying conditions which generate harm; and contributes towards the building of safe, thriving and peaceful communities.
	www.suffolk.edu /cas/crj/r_justice.html (283 words)

	Restorative Justice
		Restorative Justice: The Public Submissions: Results and analysis of submission to a public inquiry on Restorative Justice, from the Ministry of Justice.
		The Center for Restorative Justice was established to provide technical assistance, training, and research for those in the state of Minnesota, nationally, and internationally in support of restorative justice practice and principles.
		Restorative Justice Project: A project of Fresno Pacific University's Center for Peacemaking and Conflict Studies, this interesting site offers complete information on the development of Restorative Justice in the US and around the world, including conference information, online papers and articles, bibliographies, legal and legislative updates and much more.
	www.vaonline.org /restore.html (1004 words)

	Restorative Justice
		Restorative Justice is not a new concept; it can be traced to the legal systems of ancient cultures.
		Restorative Justice is on the agenda of conferences, seminars and training events.
		Restorative Justice is based on three central tenets; restoration, reintegration and responsibility.
	www.angelfire.com /ri/restorativejustice (778 words)

	Restorative Justice Online — Recent Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Restorative justice in Central and Eastern Europe: Comparisons, achievements and challenges (abstract) Paper presented at the Third Conference of the European Forum for Victim-Offender Mediation and Restorative Justice, “Restorative Justice in Europe: Where are we heading?”, Budapest, Hungary, 14-16 October.
		Restorative Justice Implementation in Ukraine Paper presented at the Third Conference of the European Forum for Victim-Offender Mediation and Restorative Justice, “Restorative Justice in Europe: Where are we heading?”, Budapest, Hungary, 14-16 October.
		Introducing restorative justice for juveniles in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a pilot project on the implementation of alternative measures and mediation Paper presented at the Third Conference of the European Forum for Victim-Offender Mediation and Restorative Justice, “Restorative Justice in Europe: Where are we heading?”, Budapest, Hungary, 14-16 October.
	www.restorativejustice.org /editions/2005/aug05/recent (2284 words)

	Restorative Justice with Respect to Domestic Violence & Sexual Abuse
		While our traditional justice approaches tend to see crime as a violation of the state and seek punishment of the wrongdoer, a restorative justice approach sees crime as a violation of people and relationships and justice as repairing the harm done.
		Restorative justice attempts to involve the victim, wrongdoer, and community in the search for solutions which promote repair, reconciliation, and reassurance.
		Justice (Greek) as "a context in which persons seek to restore right relationship and provide for the needs of the one who has been made a victim by an [abuser], and to prevent the [abuser] from continuing to harm others."
	www.uua.org /cde/csm/restorative.html (1017 words)

	Restorative Justice Online — Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anna Eriksson, of the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice Queen’s University of Belfast, describes this politicisation of community restorative justice in Northern Ireland.
		Restorative justice is being hotly debated in Northern Ireland.
		Restorative justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behaviour.
	www.restorativejustice.org (494 words)

	Restorative Justice Principles
		Restorative Justice recognizes that crime (violation of persons and relationships) is wrong and should not occur, and also recognizes that after it does there are dangers and opportunities.
		Restorative Justice prefers responding to the crime at the earliest point possible and with the maximum amount of voluntary cooperation and minimum coercion, since healing in relationships and new learning are voluntary and cooperative processes.
		Restorative Justice prefers that offenders who pose significant safety risks and are not yet cooperative be placed in settings where the emphasis is on safety, values, ethics, responsibility, accountability, and civility.
	www.fresno.edu /pacs/docs/rjprinc.html (562 words)

	Mark S. Umbreit
		The relatively new and emerging practice theory of restorative justice emphasizes the need to provide opportunities for those most directly affected by crime (victims, communities, and offenders) to be directly involved in responding to the impact of crime and restoring the losses incurred by victims.
		Restorative justice is expressed through a wide range of policies and practices directed toward offenders and crime victims, including victim support and advocacy, restitution, community service, victim impact panels, victim-offender mediation, circle sentencing, family group conferencing, community boards that meet with offenders to determine appropriate sanctions, victim empathy classes for offenders, and community policing.
		As a result of the Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) project supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the U.S. Department of Justice, numerous county and state jurisdictions throughout the country are examining the merits of restorative justice.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v1n1/umbreit.html (7575 words)

	Restorative Justice in New Zealand
		Family group conferences are made up of the young person who has committed the offense, members of his or her family and whoever the family invites, the victim(s) or their representative, a support person for the victim(s), a representative of the police, and the mediator or manager of the process.
		The youth justice coordinator ensures that everyone understands the tasks that need to be done, that all relevant issues are discussed and that the venting of emotion is managed as constructively as possible.
		These encouraging findings and the fact that restorative justice processes are already being used in New Zealand in a variety of shapes and forms, both within and outside the criminal justice system, provides a sufficient basis for New Zealand to move further forward in the implementation of restorative justice processes for adult offenders.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v1n1/morris.html (6160 words)

	Restorative Justice Principles
		Incapacitation of the offender is not an adequate or a wise response since it alone does not address three concerns: (1) the injuries/damages experienced by the victim; (2) the negative relationship between the victim and offender; and (3) the antisocial behavior of the offender.
		PRINCIPLE #6: Restorative Justice prefers responding to the crime at the earliest point possible and with the maximum amount of voluntary cooperation and minimum coercion since healing in relationships and new learning are voluntary and cooperative processes.
		The actions of the Restorative Justice authorities and the consequences imposed should be tested by whether they are reasonable, restorative, and respectful (for victim(s), offender, and the community).
	www.fresno.edu /pacs/docs/rjprinc2.html (2770 words)

	Restorative Justice
		Restorative measures represent a philosophy and a process that acknowledges that when a person does harm, it effects the person(s) they hurt, the community and themselves.
		When using restorative measures, an attempt is made to repair the harm caused by one person to another and to the community so that order is restored for everyone.
		Restorative measures allow for all involved individuals and come to terms, on a personal level, with the harm done.
	www.maccac.org /Restorative_Justice/Restorative_Justice.htm (275 words)

	Prisons - Restorative Justice and Paganism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a sense, this is similar then to the approach of Restorative Justice, which does not seek to find its resolutions in books or external authorities, but trusts in our own ability to find resolution within a ‘spirit’ of community.
		Finally, we feel that Restorative Justice has to look backwards as well as forwards — to root causes as well as rehabilitation, to recognizing that many victimizers were themselves victims, and how we as a society can prevent as well as restore.
		One of the powerful truths about restorative justice is the fact that it has almost universal appeal across cultures and religions.
	www.paganpastoraloutreach.ca /prison/justice.htm (3040 words)

	Restorative Justice
		A system of restorative justice, he cautions, should be backed up by systems of deterrent and incapacitative justice, when it is apparent restorative approaches will fail.
		Braithwaite says that a restorative justice system would empty the prisons -- except for recidivist white collar or street criminals who threaten bodily harm or who obstinately refuse to abide by the law.
		Braithwaite says that restorative justice works at all levels -- from the post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa, to the 2,000 to 3,000 police- sponsored restorative justice conferences that have taken place in Canberra, Australia, where Braithwaite lives and works.
	www.commondreams.org /views02/0604-07.htm (1001 words)

	Restorative Justice
		Restorative Justice, which is also sometimes called Balanced and Restorative Justice, is an approach to criminal justice.
		Central to the practice of Restorative Justice is a conception of crime as harm to the community.
		The goals of Restorative Justice include holding the offender accountable for the harm to the community, repairing that harm to the extent possible, and developing competency in the offender so that the offender makes better future choices.
	www.law.du.edu /russell/RJ (274 words)

	Center for Restorative Justice & Peacemaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Umbreit will be traveling to Italy in mid-March to meet with colleagues at two universities who are working on the development of restorative justice in their country and requesting his consultation and presentation of his research.
		The Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking at the University of Minnesota School of Social Work on the University's St. Paul campus has been established to provide technical assistance, training, and research for those in the state of Minnesota, nationally, and internationally in support of restorative justice practice and principles.
		Dialogue and negotiation are central to restorative justice, and problem solving for the future is seen as more important than simply establishing blame for past behavior.
	2ssw.che.umn.edu /rjp (866 words)

	Restorative Justice
		Restorative Justice is based on the Socratic/Platonic philosophy of shifting the focus from appearances to essences, from visible forms to invisible ideas and values.
		Restorative Justice returns to the Golden Rule, doing unto others as you would have others do unto you, of each of us doing what’s ours to do.
		Restorative Justice is a paradigm that has been and is still practiced by many Native peoples, and emphasizes the redress of injustice by means of understanding, compassion, and mutual resolution.
	www.halexandria.org /dward275.htm (1139 words)

	The Centre for Restorative Justice
		Many studies do indicate that offenders diverted to restorative justice programs tend to recidivate less, and that all who are involved in the process generally feel more satisfaction when compared to traditional methods.
		However, reducing the concept of restorative justice to these types of goals is a misunderstanding of the vision it attempts to accomplish.
		We have a forum, entitled Introduction to Restorative Justice: Learning the Concept where you are encouraged to ask questions about the basic concepts and values of restorative justice.
	www.sfu.ca /cfrj/intro.html (564 words)

	BARJ - The Balanced and Restorative Justice Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As many of you may have heard by now, Bill O'Reilly of “the O'Reilly Factor” on Fox News recently had a segment on Restorative Justice as a side piece to the rape case in Vermont that is making national news.
		Marquis is not even highly esteemed among his Oregon colleagues, according to Oregon insiders, much less a national authority on Restorative Justice, but you don't have to be an expert to understand the fundamental principles of Restorative Justice so perhaps the Vice President of the NDAA could articulate those principles to the national audience.
		However, after comments about “Victor-Offender Reconciliation Programs” and the victims' rights not being important in Restorative Justice, and mandatory three strikes laws working to reduce crime, it is clear to those of us in the field that his understanding of Restorative Justice is at best, misguided, and at worse, completely uneducated.
	www.barjproject.org (289 words)

	Restorative justice at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Restorative justice can be considered to be the opposite of retributive justice.
		Proponents of restorative justice say it is directed at recognising the victim's injury, promoting healing, and reducing fears that might have crystallized between the victim and the offender.
		One criticism of restrorative justice is that it is difficult when the offender is unknown.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Restorative_justice.html (278 words)

	VOMA Restorative Justice Bibliography
		This bold, uncompromising essay poses a radical critique of current criminal justice practices in favor of a restorative justice alternative, and advocates a fundamental rethinking of restorative justice itself.
		Dennis Sullivan directs the Institute for Economic and Restorative Justice and is an Adjunct Professor of Criminal Justice at the State University of New York at Albany.
		Restoring Juvenile Justice: An Exploration of the Restorative Justice Paradigm for Reforming Juvenile Justice.
	www.voma.org /bibliography.shtml (2119 words)

	Justice \| Restorative Justice Articles
		We begin a new year focusing on Restorative Justice, the philosophical basis of Prison Fellowship's ministry.
		In short, Restorative Justice is a biblically based response to crime that draws together victims, offenders, communities, and government to repair the harms caused by crime.
		Under restorative justice, the victimâ”not necessarily the lawâ”is vindicated, and the goal goes beyond punishment to restoring peace, shalom, to the community.
	www.pfm.org /AM/Template.cfm?Section=Restorative_Justice_Articles&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=2&ContentID=11920 (588 words)

	Restorative Justice Trust
		Restorative Justice is a way of responding to the offence
		Restorative Justice creatively addresses the trauma of crime by recognising that victims have many needs which are not met in the current system.
		While victim pain is a primary concern of restorative justice, victim and offender restoration is a priority.
	www.restorativejustice.org.nz (140 words)

	Home of Restorative Resources
		Restorative Resources is a non-profit organization committed to restorative justice principles, values, and practices.
		We bring restorative justice practices to Sonoma County.
		Inspired by what restorative justice stands for, local community member, Antonio Perez, wrote this wonderful poem, Casi Un Crimen.
	www.restorativeresources.org (91 words)

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