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Topic: Retargetable compiler

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	Retargetable compiler - Definition, explanation
		A retargetable compiler is a compiler that can relatively easily be modified to generate code for different CPU architectures.
		Typically the design of a compiler divides the functionality so that the code generation is separate from parsing and syntax checking.
		The design and implementation of a retargetable compiler uses polymorphism in the code generating section so that code can be generated for any of several different processors.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/r/re/retargetable_compiler.php (298 words)

	compilers.net > paedia > compiler
		Most compilers translate source code written in a high level language to object code or machine language that may be directly executed by a computer or a virtual machine.
		Compilers also exist which translate from one high level language to another (cross compilers), or sometimes to an intermediate language that still needs further processing; these are sometimes known as cascaders.
		Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem -- the first such compiler for a language must be compiled either by a compiler written in a different language, or (as in Hart and Levin's Lisp compiler) compiled by running the compiler in an interpreter.
	www.compilers.net /paedia/compiler/index.htm (1852 words)

	Retargetable compiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A retargetable compiler is a compiler that can relatively easily be modified to generate code for different CPU architectures.
		Typically the design of a compiler divides the functionality so that the code generation is separate from parsing and syntax checking.
		The design and implementation of a retargetable compiler uses polymorphism in the code generating section so that code can be generated for any of several different processors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Retargetable_compiler (220 words)

	Retargetable Code Generation based on Structural Processor Descriptions - Leupers, Marwedel (ResearchIndex)
		General-purpose compilers for standard processors are often insufficient, because they do not provide flexibility with respect to different target processors and also suffer from inferior code quality.
		6 Marwedel: A BDD-based Frontend for Retargetable Compilers (context) - Leupers - 1995
		A BDD-based Frontend for Retargetable Compilers - Leupers, Marwedel (1995)
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /leupers98retargetable.html (977 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- A Compiler for Application-Specific Signal Processors
		I have built a compiler that generates code for a family of application-specific digital signal processors developed at Berkeley by members of the Lager project.
		The designer begins with some preexisting architecture, compiles the program, and then evaluates changes to the architecture by recompiling the program with a modified machine description and observing the effect on the instruction count.
		The compiler's target processors have irregular datapaths like those of typical off-the-shelf signal processors, but execute open horizontal microcode (i.e., the machine instructions are vectors of control signals with little restrictive encoding).
	www.nsdl.org /mr/421997 (295 words)

	A Compiler for Application-Specific Signal Processors \| EECS at UC Berkeley
		I have built a compiler that generates code for a family of application-specific digital signal processors developed at Berkeley by members of the Lager project.
		The designer begins with some preexisting architecture, compiles the program, and then evaluates changes to the architecture by recompiling the program with a modified machine description and observing the effect on the instruction count.
		The compiler's target processors have irregular datapaths like those of typical off-the-shelf signal processors, but execute open horizontal microcode (i.e., the machine instructions are vectors of control signals with little restrictive encoding).
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /Pubs/TechRpts/1990/6172.html (404 words)

	Local C compiler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		LCC ("Local C Compiler" or "Little C Compiler") is a small free retargetable compiler program for the ANSI C computer language.
		LCC is simple to understand and well-documented: its design is described in A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation (ISBN 0-8053-1670-1).
		The Lcc-win32 or LccWin32 system is a full featured C Development Environment for the Microsoft Windows operating system, written by Jacob Navia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Local_C_compiler (211 words)

	Free C / C++ Compilers and Interpreters (thefreecountry.com)
		The command line compiler (at the time this was written/reviewed) does not have an optimizer (or at least, not the optimizer that ships with the Professional version).
		Cyclone C is not strictly an ANSI C compiler but a compiler of a "safe dialect" of C. It enforces type safety, has a variety of checks to protect against buffer overflows, array-bound violations, etc.
		This MSDOS compiler is a sort of hybrid C compiler and assembler that allows you to "create programs with the power and readability of C while retaining the efficiency of assembly language." It can produce MSDOS executables or.OBJ files which you can use in conjunction with other linkers to generate an executable.
	www.thefreecountry.com /compilers/cpp.shtml (3272 words)

	MetaScribe web site
		Automatically retargetable compilers: they contain a set of switches that need to be set to specify the target architecture.
		Developer retargetable compilers that is a way to handle machine specific optimizations that go beyond instruction selection is to permit the developer to modify the compiler to target the given architecture.
		For a compiler to be considered retargetable in this scenario, no new processor dependent optimization capabilities are added to the compiler during retargeting.
	www-src.lip6.fr /logiciels/mars/METASCRIBE (980 words)

	More Info on C Compiler
		A compiler is a computer program that translates a computer program written in one computer language (called the source language) into a program written in another computer language (called the output or the target language).
		Compilers also exist which translate from one high level language to another, or sometimes to an intermediate language that still needs further processing; these are sometimes known as cascaders.
		During the 1990s a large number of free compilers and compiler development tools have been developed for all kinds of languages, both as part of the GNU project and other open-source initiatives.
	www.encryptoo.com /c-compiler.htm (1527 words)

	Archelon's User Retargetable Development Tools
		The compiler supports the full ANSI standard for C plus a number of extensions which are particularly useful for microprogrammed architectures and for architectures which contain application-specific hardware.
		The compiler provides a way for you to provide completely custom code table entries which you can access directly by calling a function whose name is the same as that of the code table entry.
		The version without the compiler omits the compiler, the peephole optimizer, sample compiler control files, C runtime source files, and some programs which you can use to exercise the compiler by compiling and running code for a demonstration architecture.
	www.archelon.com /retarg.html (4052 words)

	Retargetable C Compiler, A: Design and Implementation - $55.99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		And while most books describe toy compilers or focus on isolated pieces of code, the authors provide the entire source code for a real compiler, which is available via ftp.
		Perhaps more important, a compiler must generate correct object code; an application is only as reliable as the compiler that compiled it.
		The compiler writer must understand even the darkest corners of the C language; touring the implementation of those corners reveals much about the language itself and its efficient realization on modern computers.
	www.awprofessional.com /title/0805316701 (1825 words)

	Retargetable C Compiler, A: Design and Implementation - $55.99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		And while most books describe toy compilers or focus on isolated pieces of code, the authors provide the entire source code for a real compiler, which is available via ftp.
		Perhaps more important, a compiler must generate correct object code; an application is only as reliable as the compiler that compiled it.
		The compiler writer must understand even the darkest corners of the C language; touring the implementation of those corners reveals much about the language itself and its efficient realization on modern computers.
	www.informit.com /title/0805316701 (1761 words)

	BibTeX bibliography lcc.bib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The system is easily retargetable and currently runs on the MIPS R3000 and the SPARC.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "algorithms; design; experimentation; languages", remark = "{\tt hti} uses {\tt lcc}'s front end to translate ANSI C programs into its intermediate representation (IR).", subject = "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Interpreters.
		The tcc compiler is an efficient, portable, and freely available implementation of 'C. tcc allows programmers to trade dynamic compilation speed for dynamic code quality: in some applications, it is most important to generate code quickly, while in others code quality matters more than compilation speed.
		The overhead of dynamic compilation is on the order of 100 to 600 cycles per generated instruction, depending on the level of dynamic optimization.
	www.math.utah.edu:8080 /ftp/pub/lcc/lcc.html (1226 words)

	Norman Ramsey --- Retargeting
		Retargeting programming environment tools, such as compilers and editors, is now common, and is assisted by retargeting tools and methodologies.
		In most systems, compiler and debugger are connected only by machine-dependent symbol table data.
		The toolkit supports relocation as well as encoding; a retargetable linker that uses the toolkit does relocation in only 20 lines of code, all of which are machine-independent.
	www.eecs.harvard.edu /~nr/retargeting-summary.html (647 words)

	Bloodshed Software - Compilers resources
		lcc is a retargetable compiler for ISO Standard C. It generates code for the ALPHA, SPARC, MIPS R3000, and Intel x86 and its successors.
		The compiler itself is compiled using this language.
		B++ is a BASIC compiler built on top of C++ - it converts BASIC code to C++, and then calls C++ compiler to produce EXE (or DLL).
	www.bloodshed.net /compilers/index.html (1225 words)

	Compiler Companies Companies that Develop and Market Production Compilers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The CoSy compiler development system is a new approach in compiler construction, enabling compiler developers to generate better and faster compilers quicker for architectures ranging from 4 bit DSP to 256 bit VLIW and various languages.
		C cross compilers for the 68HC08, 6809, 68HC11, 68HC12, 8080/85, 8086, and 8096.
		Microtec C and C++ Compilers are complete cross-compiler solutions that include a compiler, assembler, and linker, all optimized for building embedded applications.
	www.compilerconnection.com /companies/companies.htm (2365 words)

	Amazon.de: A Retargetable C Compiler. Design and Implementation.: English Books: Christopher Fraser,David Hanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Overall, this is a good book that details the gory insides of a compiler very well, and the added bonus of being able to get the source code is essential, as viewing the complete code while reading the book is almost a necessity, but it's not for the average/intermediate level coder.
		First of all the authors are egotistical saying things along the lines of "this compiler must be great, hundreds of people are using it." Secondly, they wrote their compiler in pre-ANSI C, making it difficult to read.
		The book is extremely clear and complete with regard to the lcc compiler itself; it is an invaluable reference for anyone who works with lcc.
	www.amazon.de /Retargetable-Compiler-Design-Implementation/dp/0805316701 (1030 words)

	comp.compilers monthly message and Frequently Asked Questions
		When you send a message to compilers, I understand that to mean that you want me to post it to usenet, which means it will be sent to tens of thousands of potential readers at thousands of computers all around the world.
		A shareware compiler ASIC is available from simtel mirrors such as ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/msdos/basic/asic500.zip, which handles a large subset of Qbasic.
		My opinion is that this clear, thorough treatment is for the seasoned compiler engineer who already has one or two compiler or interpreter implementations on the curriculum vitae and who is looking for new ways to address some of the deeper issues of the field.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/compilers/faq (5266 words)

	Retargetable Compiler Technology for Embedded Systems: Tools and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In order to analyze the effect of various software or hardware configurations on the performance, retargetable compilers are needed that can generate code for numerous different potential hardware configurations.
		It describes a large set important tools as well as applications of retargetable compilers at different levels in the design flow.
		Retargetable Compiler Technology for Embedded Systems is mostly self-contained and requires only fundamental knowledge in software and compiler design.
	isbn.nu /0792375785 (444 words)

	Automatic C compiler for reconfigurable computing
		Our current concrete target is the Garp chip (Garp diagram), but the compiler is retargetable to similar architectures that can exploit spatial computing to accelerate loops.
		We started with the assumption that for ease of use, compilation to this combination software/hardware platform should be as fast as typical C (software) compilation.
		The PRISM-I/II compiler (Peter Athanas et.al) took a similar if-conversion approach for compiling C to FPGAs, but required the programmer to identify the critical sections to be accelerated, and did not have the ability to exclude paths from kernels.
	brass.cs.berkeley.edu /compiler.html (1204 words)

	Compile C Faster on Linux \| Linux Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Surely, some of this material is not part of the compiler proper, but the separation is not immediately apparent to those who haven't browsed gcc's source recently.
		These comparisons illustrate the fact that the two compilers embody different trade-offs and that neither beats the other at everything: gcc can emit better code and offers many options, while lcc is easier to comprehend but is otherwise less ambitious.
		gcc and lcc use retargetable code generators driven in part by formal specifications of the target machine, just as a parser can be driven by a formal grammar of its input language.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/1244 (1700 words)

	HOT314 Compiler Page
		We evaluated each compiler based upon how easily it would be to modify, and how portable the code was to the Windows NT platform.
		Along with deciding which compiler was the best we were to evaulate the two different ISAs from the compiler point of view.
		DLXcc is a cross compiler for use with the GNU C Compiler (gcc).
	www.cs.cornell.edu /hot314/compiler.html (558 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: A Retargetable C. Compiler: Design and Implementation: Books: Christopher Fraser,David Hanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This new text examines the design and implementation of lcc, a production-quality, retargetable compiler for the ANSI C programming language, designed at ATandT Bell Laboratories and Princeton University.
		It is also useful for any researcher or implementer of compilers for parallel or advanced computers.
		There is not a lot in the way of a simple introduction to compilers, you are expected to know more-or-less what goes into a compiler.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Retargetable-C-Compiler-Design-Implementation/dp/0805316701 (558 words)

	A Retargetable Compiler for ANSI C - Fraser, Hanson (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: lcc is a new retargetable compiler for ANSI C. Versions for the VAX, Motorola 68020, SPARC, and MIPS are in production use at Princeton University and at ATandT Bell Laboratories.
		9: A retargetable debugger - Ramsey, Hanson - 1992
		A Retargetable Compiler for ANSI C. SIGPLAN Notices, 26(10):29--43, October 1991.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /fraser91retargetable.html (573 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Retargeting the GNU C Compiler \| April 15, 2003
		As shown in Figure 1, a compiler is typically divided into two parts, a front end and a back end.
		A compiler’s back end is typically responsible for code optimizations and code generation for a particular microprocessor.
		The manual, Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) [3], is the bible on retargeting a GCC port and should be read and understood before beginning a port.
	www.ddj.com /184401529;jsessionid=33EPRJ4ZY1Z0YQSNDLQSKH0CJUNN2JVN?_requestid=426055 (3124 words)

	Compiler and Architecture Seminar 2003 \| Abstracts
		EXPRESS therefore allows the quick generation of cycle-accurate simulators together with highly optimized compilers that "track" changes (introduced by the architect/designer) in the complex, realistic, architecture, and provides visual and quantitative tools to quickly evaluate cost/benefit ratios of such changes with respect to performance, power consumption and hardware/area cost.
		We propose an aggressive compilation scheme where array references from/to the external memory are overlapped with uninterrupted hardware evaluation of the synthesized loop's circuit.
		It is possible to program and compile code such that the set memory addresses needed for the "next circuit evaluation" can be computed in parallel during the "current circuit evaluation".
	www.research.ibm.com /haifa/Workshops/compiler2003/abstract.html (2026 words)

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