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Topic: Rete mirabile

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Swim bladder

Vesalius

Galen

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Osteichthyes

Dorsal

Guanine

	Rete mirabile
		In birds with webbed feet, a rete mirabile in the legs and feet transfers heat from outgoing blood in arteries to the incoming blood from the veins, with the net effect that the internal temperature of the feet is much closer to the ambient temperature, thus preventing heat loss.
		In some fish, a rete mirabile fills the swim bladder with oxygen, using a countercurrent exchange system[?] where varying pH levels causes oxygen to unbind from blood hemoglobin and then come out of solution when the blood is supersaturated.
		The ancient physician Galen mistakenly thought that humans also have a rete mirabile in the neck, apparently based on dissection of sheep, and ascribed important properties to it; it fell to Vesalius to demonstrate the error.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/re/Rete_mirabile.html (206 words)

	The Physiology of the White Shark
		This is called regional endothermy, and is accomplished by the rete mirabile ("wonderful net"), capillary beds of parallel arteries and venules found near the "warm structures" (in white sharks, there is the orbital rete, for the brains and eyes, the suprahepatic rete for the stomach and viscera, and the subcutaneous rete for the muscles).
		The rete work as countercurrent heat exchangers: as warm, oxygen-poor blood passes through the venules in the rete (on its way to the gills), the heat it carries (gained from the shark's metabolism) is transfered to the parallel arteries, which contain cold blood with high levels of oxygen, having just come from the gills.
		The rete have probably allowed the white shark (and other lamnids) to inhabit cool temperate and cold waters around the world, all while remaining active and aggressive predators of fast-moving fishes and, in the case of the white shark at least, marine mammals.
	www.ncf.carleton.ca /~bz050/wsphysio.html (1059 words)

	The Emergence of Whales, Chp. 6
		Neomorphic vessels in Cetacea that are embedded in the rete mirabile of the vertebral canal.
		In Indocetus, a large caudal rete mirabile is next to the cerebrum and merges with the rostra rete mirabile, which is slightly larger, and a small spinal rete mirabile has formed parallel to the vertebral artery.
		Well, the function of the rete mirabile as the primary blood supply route to the brain appears to fill that request, and this function is cited as an adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle that included diving behavior.
	www.tiac.net /~cri/2001/acker06.html (2209 words)

	Rete mirabile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In all cases, however, the function of a rete mirabile depends on the countercurrent flow of blood within it.
		In this example the rete mirabile functions as a biological heat exchanger.
		In mammals, an elegant rete mirabile in the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli is important in maintaining the hypertonicity of the inner zone of the renal medulla.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rete_mirabile (485 words)

	Swimbladder Inflation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The rete mirabile ("wonderful net") is a bundle of close-lying arterial and venous capillaries that diffuse gases between one another as blood is carried through them, in and out of the gas gland.
		The rete mirabile, much like the oval, requires a large surface area for optimal contact between the arterial and venous capillaries (Marshall 1966).
		Because of the rete's parallel arrangement of venous and arterial capillaries, a countercurrent multiplier effect occurs (Figure 4).
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/anphys/2000/Martin/inflation.html (407 words)

	Embolization with Radiopaque Microbeads of Polyacrylonitrile Hydrogel: Evaluation in Swine1 -- Gobin et al. 214 (1): ...
		from the contralateral rete mirabile and from collateral branches
		Embolization with PAN microbeads in the rete mirabile of a swine.
		Note that the microbeads are in the proximal lateral two-thirds of the rete mirabile.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/214/1/113 (4749 words)

	Douglas Fudge's Abstracts
		Such compensatory changes in membrane composition are considered "homeoviscous adaptations." In this study, we examined a heterothermic tissue, the visceral rete mirabile of the bluefin tuna, for evidence of homeoviscous adaptation.
		We measured the proportions of phospholipid fatty acids and phospholipid head groups as a function of position along the rete thermal gradient, which has been estimated to be about 10 C. We found no effect of position along the rete on the composition of either phospholipid fatty acids or head groups.
		Based on the activation energies of enzymes along the rete, differences in activity were due to differences in enzyme concentration, and not isozymes or enzyme modification.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /labs/biomaterials/ab-doug.html (1113 words)

	Evidence of a Tubular System for Transendothelial Transport in Arterial Capillaries of the Rete Mirabile -- Bendayan ...
		The morphological characteristics of the rete capillaries and
		Bendayan M, Rasio EA (1996) Transport of insulin and albumin by the microvascular endothelium of the rete mirabile.
		Bendayan M, Sandborn EB, Rasio EA (1974) The capillary endothelium in the rete mirabile of the swimbladder of the eel (Anguilla anguilla): functional and ultrastructural aspects.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/45/10/1365 (5465 words)

	UD Biological Sciences - Dr. Roger Wagner
		Freeze-fracture studies indicate that rete capillary endothelial cells are joined by linear low-resistence gap junctions flanked on both sides by tight junctional assemblies.
		Pericytes cultured from isolated rete capillaries contract and attenuate in response to vasoactive agents.
		Chen, S.-C., Liu, K.-M. and Wagner, R.C. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Vacuoles and Surface Invaginations of Capillary Endothelia in the Eel Rete Mirabile.
	www.udel.edu /bio/people/faculty/rwagner.html (497 words)

	Goldfish and Aquarium Board Article-Buoyancy Issues in Fancy Goldfish (aka Swim Bladder) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The rete mirabile, the gas gland and a resorptive area in the tissue of the pneumatic duct.
		The rete mirabile maintains a pressure differential between the blood and gas bladder and keeps it from losing gasses.
		Based on this, anything that adversely affects the small capillaries of the rete mirabile, the gas gland, the resorptive area or the pneumatic duct could affect the goldfish's ability to increase or decrease the inflation of the swim bladder.
	thegab.org /Articles/Buoyancy.html (2175 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		We know their feathers keep their bodies warm, but they also have a unique way to keep their uncovered feet from freezing up - a remarkable feat when you think of our seagulls and ducks who happily stand around our windy and often icy shorelines with temperatures as cold as -40 degrees celsius.
		These birds have a network of arteries and veins called a rete mirabile.
		When hot blood comes down to their feet through the arteries, the heat from the blood is transferred to the cold blood going up through its veins in a countercurrent mechanism.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/1997/02/11/02.asp (388 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The retea mirabile are capillary organs located on the dorsal surface of the eel swim bladder.
		They function in countercurrent exchange of blood gasses and efficiently deliver oxygen to the swim bladder giving the eel neutral bouyancy.
		Scanning electron microscopy reveals that pericyte coverage of arterial capillaries is extensive with processes enveloping their outer surfaces.
	www.udel.edu /Biology/Wags/wagpage2/respages/retepage/rete.html (133 words)

	Transport of insulin and albumin by the microvascular endothelium of the rete mirabile -- Bendayan and Rasio 109 (7): ...
		Transport of insulin and albumin by the microvascular endothelium of the rete mirabile -- Bendayan and Rasio 109 (7): 1857 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Transport of insulin and albumin by the microvascular endothelium of the rete mirabile
		the rete capillaries, with respect to paracellular diffusion, is higher for
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/109/7/1857 (520 words)

	Microbubble Potentiated Ultrasound as a Method of Stroke Therapy in a Pig Model: Preliminary Findings -- Culp et al. 14 ...
		Basal view selective angiograms of the ascending pharyngeal artery show almost complete embolic occlusion of the artery and rete mirabile (long arrows) after clot injection (a) and complete recanalization of the artery and rete (grade 4) after 24 minutes of therapy (b).
		Note the excellent filling of the opposite side of the rete that broadly connects to the injected side and the excellent filling of both internal carotids (short arrows) originating from the rete and other cerebral vessels.
		clots and recanalizing ascending pharyngeal and rete mirabile
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/14/11/1433 (2706 words)

	Trials and Tribulations of Video Making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Having wandered into the coffee room one afternoon, I inquired if anyone was working on the rete mirabile, a vascular network that Galen believed existed in the human brain, but which is known now only to exist in ungulates.
		After we extricated our producer from under his desk, he noticed that his last shot had recorded not only the rete mirabile, but the tremblor as well.
		The shaking rete was the hit of our completion party.
	www.neurobio.ucla.edu /~yoneill/trials.html (1015 words)

	Annalisa Berta
		Josh Yonas' MS thesis will investigate the basicranial rete mirabile in representative odontocete cetaceans.
		The rete mirabile serves as the primary blood supply to the cetacean brain.
		He plans to use CT, MRI, and dissection techniques to better elucidate the structure of this vascular network and consider both the phylogenetic and functional significance of this structure.
	www.bio.sdsu.edu /faculty/berta.html (1018 words)

	Circulation
		The rete mirabile are lines of arterioles surrounded by venules in close contact.
		The purpose here is to produce a counter-current flow that allows heat transfer between arterioles and venules so that outer appendages remain cool, while the interior body conserves its heat.
		A rete may also be found before the gas gland of fish to maintain high O2 levels in the gland.
	www.sonoma.edu /users/h/hanesda/b324/chap12.html (1869 words)

	rete - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Rete : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include rete: rete mirabile, rete canalis hypoglossi, rete malleolare laterale, rete subpapillare, malpighian rete, more...
		Words similar to rete: retia, network, plexus, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=rete (239 words)

	Structure of the Rete Mirabile in the Kidney of the Rat as Seen with the Electron Microscope -- Longley et al. 7 (1): ...
		Structure of the Rete Mirabile in the Kidney of the Rat as Seen with the Electron Microscope -- Longley et al.
		Structure of the Rete Mirabile in the Kidney of the Rat as Seen with the Electron Microscope
		Electron micrographs of the rete mirabile in the medulla of
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/7/1/103 (198 words)

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		When coming back up the nose, towards the brain, it is collected in the cavernous sinus, and cools down the arterial blood within the rete mirabile.
		The arterial blood in the rete mirabile is actually on its way to the brain via the circle of Willis.
		Therefore, in species equipped with this device, the temperature of the brain can be lower than that of the rest of the body.
	www.alpaca.asn.au /nswhawk/roman_nose.htm (398 words)

	Mechanisms of acid secretion in pseudobranch cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) -- Kern et al. 205 (18): 2943 ...
		Wittenberg, J. and Haedrich, R. The choroid rete mirabile of the fish eye.
		Distribution and relation to the pseudobranch and to the swimbladder rete mirabile.
		Wittenberg, J. and Wittenberg, B. The choroid rete mirabile of the fish eye.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/18/2943 (6273 words)

	No evidence for homeoviscous adaptation in a heterothermic tissue: tuna heat exchangers -- Fudge et al. 275 (3): 818 -- ...
		the visceral rete mirabile of the bluefin tuna, for evidence of
		along the rete thermal gradient, which has been estimated to be
		~10°C. We found no effect of position along the rete on the composition
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/275/3/R818 (230 words)

	LOVELY RETIA -- Niven 208 (11): v -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		of capillaries called the rete mirabile that's responsible for
		the presence and absence of the swimbladder rete onto the same
		the eye rete evolved and its activity is reduced when the eye
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/11/v-a (495 words)

	About » rete-mirabile.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Rete Mirabile ist lateinisch und bedeutet wörtlich "wundersames Netz".
		In der Biologie steht der Begriff für eine bestimmte Anordnung von Blutgefäßen, die vor allem bei Tieren vorkommt, die einer besonders kalten Umgebung ausgesetzt sind.
		Hier verhindert das Gegenstromprinzip eines Rete Mirabile einen übermäßigen Wärmeverlust der Tiere.
	www.rete-mirabile.net /about (439 words)

	Science NewsBriefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		swimbladder involves a complex system of veins and arteries known as the rete
		Many fish also have a rete mirabile in their eyes to
		Their findings indicate that the rete mirabile in the eye evolved 100 million years
	www.world-science.net /ScienceNewsBriefs/stories/050318_Fish.htm (177 words)

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