
	Where results make sense

Topic: Retina projection

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A stochastic model for retinocollicular map development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For the projection from retina to SC the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands ephrins were shown to be necessary for establishing correct topographic maps [7-10].
		Retina of a single animal is composed of two types of cells with regard to their expression of Isl2 gene, Isl2+ and Isl2-, which are intermixed in roughly equal proportion throughout the RGC layer (Figure 1B).
		The "labeling spot" in retina is a circle with radius R = 7.3, the coordinates of the center are (15,50), (50,50) and (85,50) on the 100 × 100 grid.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/5/30 (7200 words)

	Adenylate Cyclase 1 as a Key Actor in the Refinement of Retinal Projection Maps -- Ravary et al. 23 (6): 2228 -- ...
		the dorsoventral extent of the ipsilateral projection in the rostral
		of the ipsilateral and contralateral retinal projections (Godement
		Quantification of the contralateral projection of the nasal and temporal retina in wild-type and brl mice
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/6/2228 (8877 words)

	retina - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about retina
		The cone cells, about 6 million in number, are mostly concentrated in a central region of the retina called the fovea, and provide both detailed and colour vision.
		The image actually falling on the retina is highly distorted; research into the eye and the optic centres within the brain has shown that this poor quality image is processed to improve its quality.
		The retina can become separated from the wall of the eyeball as a result of a trauma, such as a boxing injury.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /retina (432 words)

	Image projection apparatus - Patent 6396463
		The image projection apparatus is structured such that a beam of light from a light source passes through a condensing lens to be converged, and is brought into focus at a space filter.
		An image projecting method according to claim 24, wherein a beam of light from said secondary light source is diffracted by a hologram optical element and the image of said secondary light source is formed on said pupil.
		The reason is that although the picture image panel and the retina are in conjugate relation through the large pinhole of the pupil, when the position of the line of sight and the apparatus is shifted, the lens function of the eyeball contributes.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6396463.html (5656 words)

	Webvision: Feed-back loops
		At every level of the retina there are reciprocal or feed-back loops in the circuitry so that certain neurons can interact laterally within the same layer, vertically from one layer to the other and indeed from the brain to the retina.
		In the fish retina the dopaminergic interplexiform cell is known to have synapses in the OPL primarily upon horizontal cells.
		In the cat retina, however, we have seen these ascending dopaminergic processes (marked by their content of Toh immunoreactivity) to be presynaptic to the conventional IPC of the cat i.e.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /fbloops.html (1848 words)

	Vision
		In contrast the center of the retina (the fovea) is highly specialized for detecting various wavelengths through a highly dense array of cones, which generally relay information to a small number of ganglion cells (ratio close to one).
		The projection from the retina to the brain maintains a topographic organization such that the visual field is mapped onto the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the superior colliculus.
		Projections within the columns also tend to remain segregated as layer IV C a (magnocellular) generally projects to layer IV B and layer IV C b (parvocellular) projects to layer III.
	www.neurosci.pharm.utoledo.edu /MBC4420/vision.htm (1961 words)

	Tidwell - Virtual Retinal Display
		The position on the retina where the eye focuses the spot is determined by the angle at which light enters the eye.
		The projection optics could be incorporated as the front, reflecting, surface of a pair of glasses in a head mount configuration or as a simple lens in a hand held configuration.
		The project's initial goal was to prove the viability of forming an image on the retina using a scanned laser.
	www.hitl.washington.edu /publications/p-95-1 (4349 words)

	Retinal Organization
		Retina, thalamus (LGN) and cortex; the visual field map in primary visual cortex.
		An implication of topographic projection: receptive fields are small.
		BUT the projection is not strictly one to one (dendritic trees have a spread), so neurons pick up from multiple receptors.
	psy.ucsd.edu /~dmacleod/159/1594retinarecfields.htm (302 words)

	Foxd1 is required for proper formation of the optic chiasm -- Herrera et al. 131 (22): 5727 -- Development
		The decision of RGCs from the VT retina to project
		projecting ipsi-versus contralaterally, and to stalling or misrouting
		(3) All RGC axons project ipsi- or contralaterally in an abnormal
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/131/22/5727 (7746 words)

	Prof. Masaharu Noda
		In this projection, the temporal (posterior) retina is connected to the rostral (anterior) part of the contralateral optic tectum, the nasal (anterior) retina to the caudal (posterior) tectum, and likewise the dorsal and ventral retina to the ventral and dorsal tectum, respectively.
		Thus, images received by the retina are precisely projected onto the tectum in a reversed manner.
		Ezrin was selectively expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells that project to lamina F. A similar subset-selective expression and resultant laminae-selective distribution of ezrin were observed in the lamina-specific central projections from the dorsal root ganglia.
	niwww3.nibb.ac.jp /nodaenglish.html (2430 words)

	Eye Anatomy Animation- Retina:The Photoreceptor Layer - How Retina Works
		The retina is the photoprocessing, taking light energy and transforming it into electrical signals, layer of the eye.
		The inverted projection is due to the properties of lens and the way light is bent while passing through it.
		Once light lands on the retina it is absorbed by the rods and cones photopigments located in the outer segment.
	www.anatimation.com /retina_eye.htm (580 words)

	VisionWeb
		The wide, cone-shaped cells of the retina are sensitive to light.
		Rods are mainly located in the outer edges of the retina, and cones are clustered in the center.
		Experiments have revealed that by stimulating the retina with preprogrammed configurations of ultrasound, some blind people are able to "see" fl and white outlines and images.
	www.visionweb.com /content/consumers/dev_consumerarticles.jsp?RID=28 (1216 words)

	LiveScience.com - New Laser Cuts Eye Surgery Pain
		Diabetic retinopathy blocks blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye.
		As the retina struggles to maintain its blood supply, it begins to grow new but fragile blood vessels.
		Using a joystick to aim the laser and a foot pedal to shoot, doctors normally generate rectangular or circular patterns of 20 to 60 laser burns at the retina's edges.
	www.livescience.com /humanbiology/070103_retina_surgery.html (632 words)

	Retinal Projection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An object from the inferior visual field projects to the upper half of the retina.
		Therefore, if one eye is pointing upward in relation to the fixing eye, then the image of the object of regard will be projected onto the upper retina of the deviating eye, creating the illusion that there is one object above the other.
		The image of the dot projects onto the superior retina of the left eye, so the image of the dot appears to be below the red line image.
	www.eyetec.net /group6/retinal_projection.htm (170 words)

	The Lab for Retinal Microcircuitry Home Page
		The retina is used as a model system for signal processing because it has several advantages over centers in the brain.
		Chloride concentration is extremely important because it determines the Ecl (equilibrium potential for Chloride), and this in turn determines whether GABA (the main inhibitory transmitter in the brain) would hyperpolarize (inhibit) or depolarize (excite) the cell.
		Smith RG, Vardi N (1995) Simulation of the AII amacrine cell of mammalian retina: Functional consequences of electrical coupling and regenerative membrane properties.
	retina.anatomy.upenn.edu /~noga/noga.html (1766 words)

	Katherine V. Fite
		One longstanding hypothesis about the significance of these multiple, parallel pathways postulates that specific aspects of visual information encoded by the retina are sorted out in these different pathways and that their retinorecipient target nuclei mediate different aspects of visual function.
		Our previous research indicates that the retinal-DRN projection is larger in diurnal than in nocturnal species, suggesting that it may play an important role in animals that are highly visual and active primarily during the daylight hours.
		Previously, we have shown that efferent projections from different subdivisions of the dorsal raphe nucleus terminate in a number of structures in the central visual system including the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex.
	www.umass.edu /neuro/faculty/files/fite.html (1011 words)

	[No title]
		In the retina, the photoreceptor cells are the farthest removed cells from the incoming light: ie, photons of light must pass through the entire thickness of the retina in order to reach the light absorbing pigments found in the photoreceptor cells.
		The 2 ventral layers receive input from the M cells in the retina, are called the magnocellular layers, and send projections to the 4C alpha layer(s) of the primary visual cortex.
		The 4 dorsal layers receive input from the P cells in the retina, are called the parvocellular layers, and send projections to the 4A, 4C beta layer(s) of the primary visual cortex.
	www.medstudent.ucla.edu /2002/mspn12a.doc (1269 words)

	Disruption of gradient expression of Zic3 resulted in abnormal intra-retinal axon projection -- Zhang et al. 131 (7): ...
		All the flat-mount retinas were shown with the ganglion cell side upwards, oriented with the anterior side (A) towards the left, the posterior side (P) towards the right, the dorsal side (D) upwards and the ventral side (V) downwards.
		Because the retinal axons project from periphery to retinal
		Collagen IX is highly expressed in the very periphery of the retina, the prospective ciliary margin region (arrow in C), but not inside the retina, identical to the patterns in the uninjected control retina (not shown).
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/131/7/1553 (6807 words)

	MVD Network 04
		First suggestion of point to point projection of retina onto brain (in his view, onto the walls of the ventricles).
		1825 Purkinje describes optokinetic nystagmus, entopic visualization of retina blood vessels, 'Purkinje shift' in spectral luminosity during dark adaptation, blue arcs of the retina, "Purkinje images (reflections from surfaces of cornea, lens), and motion aftereffects.
		Schultz distinguishes rods and cones; proposes duplicity theory of the retina.
	www.mvd.org (1238 words)

	:: arcspace.com
		Eventually the glasses may not be needed at all when the images are projected directly into the retina of the persons eyes.
		These signals would be received and interpreted by the glasses or the retina projection devices, and in turn would present to the people a high resolution color image, and in some cases sounds as well.
		Like the outside, anything on the inside that has been programmed to present an alternative image and or sound to the eye glasses or retina projection device would appear altered to the viewer.
	www.arcspace.com /studio/jantzen/index.htm (585 words)

	Image formation in the eye and the camera
		It has long been known that the spatial organization of some of the receptive fields of the retinal ganglion cells is circularly symmetric, with either an excitatory central region and an inhibitory surround, or with an inhibitory centre and an excitatory surround.
		A perspective projection is the projection of a three-dimensional object onto a two-dimensional surface by straight lines that pass through a single point.
		There are six extrinsic camera parameters: three are for the position of the center of projection, and three are for the orientation of the image plane coordinate frame.
	homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk /rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/OWENS/LECT1/node2.html (1753 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| 'Laser vision' offers new insights
		US firm Microvision has developed a system that projects lasers onto the retina, allowing users to view images on top of their normal field of vision.
		It could allow surgeons to get a bird's eye view of the innards of a patient, offer military units in the field a view of the entire battlefield and provide mechanics with a simulation of the inside of a car's engine.
		The system uses tiny lasers, which scan their light onto the retina to produce the entire range of human vision, reported the journal of the Institute of the Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Spectrum.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/technology/3647437.stm (831 words)

	Life-Enhancement.com Article - Print
		In AMD, there is a devastating deterioration of part of the retina (the “projection screen” of the eye) called the macula.
		The macula, visible as a yellow spot in the center of the retina, is where images of the outside world are “recorded” and immediately sent to the brain via the optic nerve.
		It is believed that these carotenoids help protect the lens and the retina from the damaging effects of solar UV radiation.
	www.life-enhancement.com /article_print.asp?ID=806&type= (2174 words)

	Architecture of the Optic Chiasm and the Mechanisms That Sculpt Its Development -- Jeffery 81 (4): 1393 -- ...
		Chiasmatic Pathways and the Naso-temporal Division in the Retina
		The border of the temporal retina from which uncrossed cells arise is marked by the dashed line.
		temporal retina are misrouted at the chiasm (142).
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/1393 (11941 words)

	Shadows: A Projection of a Projection
		A shadow is not the silhouette of an object but a projection of that silhouette.
		This absence of light is caused by an opaque object interposed between the source of light and a surface, defining a projection of the object's silhouette onto a surface in the scene.
		This then means that when we see a shadow, we are in fact seeing a projection of a projection.
	www.cs.toronto.edu /~dmac/shadows.html (215 words)

	Diabetic Retinopathy - healing with herbs, vitamins and minerals.
		Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disorder that affects the retina, the "projection screen" on which light that passes through the lens of the eye is thrown.
		In diabetic retinopathy, the capillaries that nourish the retina leak fluid or blood.
		Glutamine may slow or prevent damage to the retina, even after damage to the blood vessels serving it, by preventing free radical damage.
	www.herbs2000.com /disorders/diabetic_retino.htm (869 words)

	A Big Look at the Eye
		In the eye's case, however, the film screen is your retina.
		Your retina is in the very back of the eye, past the vitreous body.
		The retina takes the light the eye receives and changes it into nerve signals so the brain can understand what the eye is seeing.
	kidshealth.org /kid/body/eye_noSW_p2.html (685 words)

	Diabetic Eye Disease: A Self-Guided Module (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Description for page five: Illustrations include a woman's profile with a detailed projection of the anatomy of the eye and a close projection of how damaged blood vessels look to an eye care professional.
		People with diabetes are also at risk for cataract, a clouding of the lens, which is responsible for focusing light on the retina.
		This group of eye diseases can damage the optic nerve in the eye, which sends information from your retina to your brain to tell you what you are seeing.
	www.nei.nih.gov /diabetes/flipchart/slide5_English.htm (176 words)

	Mark Nowel, O.P, Ph.D
		Nowel,, M.S. Ommatidium assembly and formation of the retina-lamina projection in interspecific chimeras of cockroach.
		A Golgi-electron-microscopical study of the structure and development of the lamina ganglionaris of the locust Optic Lobe.
		Formation of the retina-lamina projection of the cockroach: no evidence for neuronal specificity.
	www.providence.edu /bio/faculty/nowel/index.html (361 words)

	Feller Lab - UC San Diego - Research Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Key model system for studying this issue is the development of retinotopic maps in the retinal projections to the superior colliculus and eye-specific layers of the retina projection to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN).
		These precise maps emerge from initially diffuse projections during the developmental period when there is no vision but robust neural activity.
		Our approach to answering these questions is to identify genetically altered mice that have disrupted correlated activity patterns of waves but maintained ganglion cell firing, and then to characterize the retinal projections to their targets in the brain.
	www-biology.ucsd.edu /labs/feller/Research_Interests2.htm (191 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)