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Topic: Retinoids

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Accutane

Lichen planus

	Retinoid Nomenclature
		Retinoids are a class of compounds consisting of four isoprenoid units joined in a head-to-tail manner.
		All retinoids may be formally derived from a monocyclic parent compound containing five carbon-carbon double bonds and a functional group at the terminus of the acyclic portion.
		Retinoids that differ in hydrogenation level from the corresponding stereoparents defined by Rule Ret-2 are named by use of the prefixes 'hydro' and 'dehydro' together with locants specifying the carbon atoms at which hydrogen atoms have been added or removed.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/misc/ret.html (2013 words)

	Topical retinoids (vitamin a creams). DermNet NZ
		The group of medicines known as retinoids are derived from Vitamin A. Creams containing the retinoids retinol and retinaldehyde can be obtained over the counter at pharmacies and supermarkets.
		Topical retinoids can be applied to any area but are most often used on the face, the neck and the back of hands.
		Topical retinoids are effective treatments for mild to moderately severe acne.
	dermnetnz.org /treatments/topical-retinoids.html (354 words)

	Center News - 8/7/03 - Retinoids
		Retinoids are molecules naturally produced by the human body, where they play a critical role in normal development by triggering primitive cells to become specialized cells characteristic of a particular tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain.
		Scientists also have created synthetic retinoids, which have proved to be effective against some tumors because they drive cancer cells from their relatively primitive, undifferentiated state into specialized cells that cease to divide.
		Among the genes found to be switched on by retinoids was BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2), which codes for a protein thought to play a role in cell death and in the development of nervous-system tissue that gives rise to medulloblastomas.
	www.fhcrc.org /pubs/center_news/2003/aug7/sart2.html? (1049 words)

	Retinoids
		Retinoids are a class of molecules in the vitamin A family of molecules.
		The retinoid activation of specific RARs normalizes abnormal growth and death of cells in the sebaceous follicle; abnormal follicular cell cycles are believed to play a major role in plugging sebaceous follicles and causing comedones to form.
		Risk for birth defects is a major side effect of systemic retinoids; the risk is much lower for topical retinoids but should be discussed with the physician when a female acne patient is pregnant or likely to become pregnant.
	www.acnepain.com /acne_topical_retinoids.html (366 words)

	EADV: New Acne Guidelines Identify Topical Retinoids as Mainstay of Acne Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The guidelines state that, in addition to comedonal acne, topical retinoids alone or in combination should be used as first-line therapy for inflammatory acne.
		Topical retinoids are also the preferred agent for maintenance therapy in lieu of long-term maintenance with antibiotics, which leads to bacterial resistance.
		Oral isotretinoin, an oral retinoid, is first-line treatment in severe acne and may also be used in patients who have failed conventional treatment or who have chronic acne prone to relapse.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/23ce52.htm (615 words)

	Retinoids for psoriasis
		Retinoids may be combined at low doses with other treatments, such as psoralen and ultraviolet A light therapy (PUVA), steroid creams or ointments, ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure, and tar products.
		Retinoids should not be used by women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant.
		Retinoids are used to treat erythroderma and pustular psoriasis.
	my.webmd.com /hw/psoriasis/hw58397.asp (338 words)

	Clinical Study: 05-DK-0015, Retinoids for Podocyte Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Retinoids are analogues of vitamin A that regulate cellular differentiation, leading to therapeutic use in skin disease and malignancy.
		The rationale for excluding children is that retinoids may carry greater toxicity in children, as there are reports of premature epiphyseal closure, development of slender long bones, and periostial thickening.
		The rationale is that retinoids are teratogenic and are excreted in breast milk.
	clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov /cgi/detail.cgi?A_05-DK-0015.html (1153 words)

	Lung Cancer and Retinoids
		Retinoids are natural and synthetic compounds related to vitamin A (retinol) and retinoic acid (RA).
		In fact, researchers say some studies have shown that retinoids are of no benefit in reducing the risk of lung cancer in current smokers.
		But after three months of twice-daily treatment with the retinoid known as 9-cisRA, there was a significant increase in the presence of RAR-beta among those who received the retinoid compared with the placebo.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/60/67054.htm (480 words)

	Leukine, leukine/retinoids, leukine/thalidmode, leukine/ketoconazole
		Retinoids such as all-trans retinoic acid or 13-cis retinoic acid may also play a role here as a way of increasing the effectiveness of GM-CSF (2), although as single agents, their activity for hrpca is limited.
		The role of retinoids as differentiation agents may be a key factor in their application to Hrpca.
		Galsky et al also say that perhaps longer exposure time to retinoids is required for them to be effective and hence patients with a lower disease burden (slowly advancing disease) would be better subjects.
	www.hrpca.org /leukine.htm (2925 words)

	Retinoids
		Retinoids are synthetic derivatives of Vitamin A, and are taken orally.
		The two most common retinoids are Accutane (isotretinoin) and Soriatane (acetretin).
		These drugs are available only by prescription, and your treatment must be carefully monitored by a dermatologist experienced in their use.
	www.ichthyosis.com /retinoids.htm (1095 words)

	Breast Cancer Chemoprevention by Retinoids
		Several retinoids are now being evaluated for their ability to prevent breast cancer recurrence in patients at risk.
		These retinoids can inhibit the growth of cancer cells or cause them to undergo a type of cell death (apoptosis) in which their genetic material is degraded.
		The overall objectives of the research project were to gain a better understanding of how retinoids and their receptor proteins prevent breast cancer development and based on our mechanistic studies to identify improved retinoids as breast cancer preventive agents.
	www.cbcrp.org /research/PageGrantPrintPage.asp?grant_id=209 (1629 words)

	Retinoids Regulate Survival and Antigen Presentation by Immature Dendritic Cells -- Geissmann et al. 198 (4): 623 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		of retinoids (apoptosis in the absence of inflammatory stimuli
		Schematic representation of retinoid receptor pathways that transduce apoptosis or activation of immature DCs (LC).
		Retinoid binding to retinol-binding protein and the interference with the interaction with transthyretin.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/198/4/623 (5882 words)

	A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages -- Halilagic et al. 130 (10): 2039 ...
		A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages -- Halilagic et al.
		A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages
		Retinoids, and in particular retinoic acid (RA), are known to
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/10/2039 (437 words)

	Three independent lines of evidence suggest retinoids as causal to schizophrenia -- Goodman 95 (13): 7240 -- ...
		Retinoid dysregulation may be an important factor in the etiology of schizophrenia.
		Retinoids are handled within the body by a complex genetic cascade involving metabolic pathways that transform environmental
		The enzymatic proteins in the retinoid cascade are lipoprotein lipase (LPL), involved in the reversible catalysis of retinyl
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/13/7240 (4074 words)

	Retinoids in Embryonal Development -- Ross et al. 80 (3): 1021 -- Physiological Reviews
		The studies of Zile (321) have demonstrated the usefulness of the vitamin A-deficient (retinoid ligand knockout) avian embryo.
		Although RA is the predominant active retinoid in the embryonic mouse, this is not the case in several other vertebrate classes.
		Retinoids have been shown to affect the expression of Hox genes in vitro, in teratocarcinoma cells, and in early embryos (62).
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/3/1021 (9175 words)

	Breast Cancer Chemoprevention by Retinoids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Unfortunately, most retinoids evaluated so far either do not prevent the appearance of more malignant breast cancers that have lost their dependence on estrogens for growth or must be given at such high doses to prevent new tumors that they have toxic to patients.
		The overall objectives of the research project are to gain a better understanding of how retinoids and their receptor proteins prevent breast cancer development and based on our mechanistic studies to identify improved retinoid as breast cancer preventive agents.
		We also establish a new mechanism to induce level of RAR in estrogen-independent breast cancer cells through TR3/RXR heterodimer by a class of new retinoids called RXR-selective retinoids, which have been shown to be able to prevent the development of breast cancer and to inhibit the growth of established breast cancer in animals.
	www.ucop.edu /srphome/bcrp/symposium/2002/abstracts/f/f_10.html (377 words)

	Potential role of retinoids in the therapy of renal disease -- Wagner 16 (3): 441 -- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
		Chemical structure of retinol (vitamin A) and of biologically active retinoids such as all-trans RA, the RXR-agonist 9-cis RA, and 13-cis RA (isotretinoin).
		Retinoids lower the expression of PDGF, IGF-I, and their receptors [23,24].
		Chambon P. The retinoid signaling pathway: molecular and genetic analyses.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/441 (1926 words)

	Non-Hormonal Acne Treatments
		Topical retinoids: Retinoids (which are derivatives of vitamin A) work to unclog pores.
		Oral retinoids: Accutane is reserved for patients with severe cystic acne that is unresponsive to other treatments.
		Because many women who are prescribed Accutane are of childbearing age, they should not take retinoids unless they've used a reliable contraceptive method for one month prior to therapy, during therapy, and for one month after stopping therapy.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/12/1689_50500 (530 words)

	Medical References: Accutane and Other Retinoids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Accutane is a member of a family of drugs called retinoids, which are related to vitamin A. When taken during pregnancy, Accutane and other retinoids can cause very serious birth defects.
		If topical preparations do not clear the skin, a woman’s doctor may recommend oral treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin, which has not been associated with birth defects, or, if she is not planning pregnancy, with oral contraceptives (oral contraceptives should not be used during pregnancy).
		A number of new retinoids are being tested for their effectiveness in treating and, in some cases, preventing various forms of cancer, including breast, ovarian and lung cancer.
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/681_1168.asp (2146 words)

	The Retinoids and Cancer Prevention Mechanisms -- Dragnev et al. 5 (5): 361 -- The Oncologist
		Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling.
		Distinct retinoid X receptor-retinoic acid receptor heterodimers are differentially involved in the control of expression of retinoid target genes in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.
		Specific retinoid receptors cooperate to signal growth suppression and maturation of human embryonal carcinoma cells.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/5/5/361 (4451 words)

	TAZORAC, tazarotene Cream, tazarotene, retinoids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Retinoids may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
		As with other retinoids, when tazarotene was given orally to experimental animals, developmental delays were seen in rats; and teratogenic effects and post-implantation loss were observed in rats and rabbits at doses producing 1.1 and 26 times, respectively, the systemic exposure (AUC
		Retinoids should not be used on eczematous skin, as they may cause severe irritation.
	www.tazorac.com /pi_cream.asp (5117 words)

	Retinoids : Versatile Biological Response Modifiers of Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotype -- Miano and Berk 87 (5): 355 ...
		Retinoids are natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A (retinol).
		to be mediated by retinoid receptors, as 2 synthetic retinoids
		Retinoid receptors in health and disease: co-regulators and the chromatin connection.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/5/355 (5547 words)

	Identification of Receptor-selective Retinoids That Are Potent Inhibitors of the Growth of Human Head and Neck Squamous ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Identification of Receptor-selective Retinoids That Are Potent Inhibitors of the Growth of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells -- Sun et al.
		Cell treatment with retinoids and the determination of cell numbers were described in detail in "Materials and Methods." Each point, the mean of four replicate determinations.
		Six h after transfection, the cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of retinoids for 24 h.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/4/1563 (6370 words)

	Possible Role of Retinoids in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Liver Damage -- Mawson and Steele 226 (8): 734 -- ...
		Clinical studies will be required to test the hypothesis that retinoid receptor antagonists might be used in conjunction with current treatment options to extend liver graft survival.
		contribution of retinoids and retinoid receptors to the pathogenesis
		Huan B, Siddiqui A. Retinoid X receptor RXR alpha binds to and trans-activates the hepatitis B virus enhancer.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/226/8/734 (3141 words)

	KIE Evidence: Retinoids Can Make Limbs Grow
		The retinoids only affected their babies that were still developing.
		Some scientists have argued that we should be concerned that retinoids may be ending up in the environment because we know they can cause deformities in people.
		Scientists have known for some time that retinoids can cause severe limb deformities, and that is why scientists looked to retinoid like chemicals as a cause for the deformities found in nature.
	www.kie.berkeley.edu /ned/data/E01-981011-002/full.html (478 words)

	News - New Acne Guidelines Identify Topical Retinoids as Mainstay of Acne Therapy: Presented at EADV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		New Acne Guidelines Identify Topical Retinoids as Mainstay of Acne Therapy: Presented at EADV
		BARCELONA, SPAIN -- October 24, 2003 -- Topical retinoids should be used alone or in combination with oral antibiotics as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate acne, a panel of dermatology experts announced here on October 17
		Topical retinoids act both to normalise desquamation and reduce inflammatory lesions, while antibiotics decrease inflammation and kill
	docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256DC9004784E7 (603 words)

	Advances in the Development of Retinoids as Chemopreventive Agents -- Lippman and Lotan 130 (2): 479 -- Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Retinoids have been found to be effective in suppressing tumor development
		retinoid receptors and DNA response elements are recognized
		Bischoff E. D., Heyman R. A., Lamph W. Effect of the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 on mammary carcinoma after tamoxifen failure.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/130/2/479S (2952 words)

	Breast Cancer Chemoprevention by Retinoids
		Regulation of RAR beta expression by RAR- and RXR-selective retinoids in human lung cancer cell lines: effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction.
		Effects of trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 1a, 25-(dihydroxy) vitamin D3, and a novel apoptosis-inducing retinoid on breast cancer and endothelial cell growth.
		Identification of a novel class of retinoic acid ß-selective retinoid antagonists and their inhibitory effects on AP-1 activity and retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
	ucop.edu /srphome/bcrp/progressreport/abstracts/biology/3PB-0018.html (1335 words)

	The Retinoids and Cancer Prevention Mechanisms -- Dragnev et al. 5 (5): 361 -- The Oncologist
		The optimal retinoids for use in clinical cancer chemoprevention
		is activated in vivo in the bronchial epithelium during retinoid
		An example of this is the retinoid regulation
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/5/5/361?... (4451 words)

	Pharmacological Doses of Some Synthetic Retinoids Can Modulate Both the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Retinoid Receptor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Retinoids have been demonstrated to have pharmacological application
		It is interesting to note that retinoids with a highly rigid
		Adachi, H., Preston, G., Harvat, B., Dawson, M. & Jetten, A. (1998) Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by the retinoid AHPN in human lung carcinoma cells.
	nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/133/1/277S (2705 words)

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