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Topic: Retributive justice

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	Retributive justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Retributive justice is a theory of criminal justice wherein punishments are justified on the grounds that the criminal has created an imbalance in the social order that must be addressed by action against the criminal.
		The theory is often associated with harsh punishment, and the phrase "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" is a commonly heard justification for this theory.
		Davis introduced this version of retributive justice in the early 1980s, at a time when retributive justice was making a resurgence within the philosophy of law community, perhaps due to the practical failings of reform theory in the previous decades.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Retributive_justice (1079 words)

	Retributive justice: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Retributive justice is a theory of criminal justice criminal justice quick summary:
		The phrase "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" expresses a form of retributive justice also known as lex talionis (latin, law of retaliation)....
		Restorative justice is a theory of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against another individual or community rather than the state....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/retributive_justice.htm (1881 words)

	ipedia.com: Criminal justice Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The establishment of criminal justice, as an academic field, is generally accredited to August Vollmer, during the 1920s.
		One question which is presented by the idea of creating justice involves the rights of victims and the rights of accused criminals, and how these individual rights are related to one another and to social control.
		Restorative justice assumes that the victim or their heirs or neighbors can be in some way restored to a condition "just as good as" before the criminal incident.
	www.ipedia.com /criminal_justice.html (747 words)

	Distributive Justice
		One of the simplest principles of distributive justice is that of strict or radical equality.
		In A Theory of Justice, Rawls uses Utilitarianism as the main theory for comparison with his own, and hence he responds at length to this Utilitarian objection and argues for his own theory in preference to Utilitarianism (some of these arguments are outlined in the section on Welfare-Based Principles).
		CORI Justice Commission Statement on the Publication of the Irish Government's Green Paper on Basic Income Analysis of current statistics on income and the basic wage, with the suggestion that a basic income wage is more effective in reducing poverty than the current tax and welfare system.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/justice-distributive (8440 words)

	Capital Punishment [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The retributive notion of punishment in general is that (a) as a foundational matter of justice, criminals deserve punishment, and (b) punishment should be equal to the harm done.
		First, lex talionis retribution involves punishment in kind and is commonly expressed in the expression "an eye for an eye." Second, lex salica retribution involves punishment through compensation, and the harm inflicted can be repaired by payment or atonement.
		Defenders of capital punishment argue that retributive justice is one such conflicting duty.
	www.iep.utm.edu /c/capitalp.htm (2148 words)

	Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Justice, Justice, Shalt Thou Pursue." The New Republic (1999)
		Environmental Justice Information Page; site developed as a class project at the University of Michigan.
		The literature on justice is vast, stretching back to Plato’s dialogues to the latest post-modernist critiques of justice. Here are some of the highlights.
	ethics.acusd.edu /theories/Justice (547 words)

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