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Topic: Retroflex nasal

Related Topics

nasal consonant

nasal cavities

bilabial nasal

velar nasal

alveolar nasal

dental nasal

palatal nasal

nasal vowel

labiodental nasal

inferior nasal concha

retroflex nasal

nasal bone

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	Retroflex consonant Information
		The tongue may be flat, with the blade of the tongue (the top surface of the tongue near the tip) touching the roof of the mouth, as in Polish cz, sz, ż and Mandarin ch, zh, sh, r.
		Retroflex consonants are common in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages; and can also be found in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Javanese, Vietnamese, Swedish, Norwegian and some languages of Southern Italy and Sardinia.
		Note: In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the symbols for retroflex consonants are typically the same as for the alveolar consonants, but with the addition of a right-facing hook to the bottom of the symbol.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Retroflex_consonant (584 words)

	Nasal consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nasal stop is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
		Acoustically, nasal stops are sonorants, meaning they do not restrict the escape of air and cross-linguistically are nearly always voiced.
		When a language is claimed to lack nasal consonants altogether, as with several Niger-Congo languages, or the Pirahã language of the Amazon, nasal and non-nasal consonants usually alternate allophonically, and it is a theoretical claim on the part of the individual linguist that the nasal version is not the basic form of the consonant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nasal_consonant (706 words)

	Retroflex nasal - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Retroflex nasal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
		Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the alveolar nasal which has the symbol n.
		The symbol should not be confused with, the symbol for the palatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem or with, the symbol for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Retroflex-nasal.html (351 words)

	The International Phonetic Alphabet
		Nasals and approximants are voiced (except when whispered), because it is hard to hear them when they are not: a laminar (the opposite of turbulent) flow of air not accompanied by a vibration of the vocal cords is all but inaudible.
		Retroflex sounds are not found in English as such, but some postalveolar consonants tend to have a certain retroflex quality about them, for example the ‘r’.
		glottal nasal, because the communication between the throat and the nose is at the back of the soft palate, and pharyngeals andal are articulated even further back in the throat (so that blocking the flow of air there will block it even for the nose).
	www.madore.org /~david/misc/linguistic/ipa (7060 words)

	Read about Nasal consonant at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Nasal consonant and learn about Nasal consonant here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
		obstruents.) Nasals are sometimes called nasal stops because the flow of air through the mouth is stopped completely, although since air escapes through the nose, the flow is air is not stopped completely.
		IPA, nasal vowels are indicated by placing a tilde (~) over the vowel in question.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Nasal_consonant (325 words)

	Retroflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		That is, in a retroflex articulation, either the tip of the tongue touches the postalveolar region (in Mandarin Chinese and Hindi), or it curls back so that the underside of the tip touches the roof of the mouth in the postalveolar-palatal region (in Tamil).
		Note: In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the symbols for retroflex consonants are typically the same as for the alveolar consonants, but with the addition of a right-facing hook to the bottom of the symbol.
		Retroflex consonants are common in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages; and can also be found in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Javanese, Vietnamese, Swedish, Norwegian and some languages of Southern Italy and Sardinia.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Retroflex (309 words)

	Nasal consonant - Linix Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nasal consonants are sonorants, (as are laterals, approximants, and vowels), meaning they do not restrict the escape of the air.
		Both stops and fricatives are known as obstruents.) Nasals are sometimes called nasal stops because the flow of air through the mouth is stopped completely, although since air escapes through the nose, the flow is air is not stopped completely.
		Mohawk has only one nasal phoneme /n/, and Rotokas, a language of Papua New Guinea, has none (although nasals do show up allophonically in that language).
	web.linix.ca /pedia/index.php/Nasal_consonant (377 words)

	UNIL / Linguistique - phonetic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The nasal “occlusives” of the vast majority of the world's languages are voiced.
		During the production of these nasal “occlusives”, the soft palate is lowered to a greater or lesser extent, allowing a portion of the airstream to pass through the nasal cavity.
		But as the soft palate is lowered (to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity), the tongue's movement is more important for the nasal than for the oral sound.
	www2.unil.ch /ling/english/phonetique/api312-eng.html (372 words)

	Linguistique UNIL - Nasal plosives
		The nasal "plosives" of the vast majority of the world's languages are voiced.
		During the production of these nasal "occlusives", the soft palate is lowered to a greater or lesser extent, allowing a portion of the airstream to pass through the nasal cavity.
		But as the soft palate is lowered (to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity), the tongue's movement is more important for the nasal than for the oral sound.
	www.unil.ch /ling/page24512.html (410 words)

	Experimental study on Oriya Retroflex nasal for Speech Synthesis. - CheatHouse.com
		This study intends to examine the allophonic characteristics of the Oriya retroflex nasal phoneme when it occurs in contrastive and complementary distribution in speech.
		The main thrust is to extract and analyze the spectrographic data of allophonic variants of retroflex nasal and their manifestation, which is significant by considering the acoustic values in different contexts.
		The variation values are measured in acoustic parameters such as duration of nasal bar, frequency of first, second, third and fourth formant, intensity and fundamental frequency, which are perceptually unique.
	www.cheathouse.com /essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=76025 (373 words)

	Transliteration of LT and ST.
		the retroflex stop), but some (the palatal and velar) are only laxed but not usually voiced (although the velar may in some speech be voiced as well, i.e.
		Literary Tamil has graphemes for a labial nasal £, a dental nasal ¨, an alveolar nasal ¨, a retroflex nasal ý, a palatal nasal þ, and a velar nasal õ.
		These nasal vowels are not found in Literary Tamil, but arise from the nasalization of vowels followed by ¨ or £ in final position.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /plc/tamilweb/book/chapter1/node20.html (2814 words)

	Lindiga: Phonology and Writing
		If one consonant in the cluster is a nasal or liquid, which are always voiced, the other consonant is pronounced as voiced: jagri [ˈjɑɣri] "gold (color)", rsengva [ˈʂɛŋvɑ] "alligator, crocodile".
		Following a retroflex sound, other dental and alveolar consonants are also pronounced as retroflex: marsni [ˈmɑʐɳi] "magenta", nirnti [ˈɲiɳɖi] "particular".
		Nasalized vowels, as in French or Portuguese, are represented by adding -ñg: le-źjañg "Jean" (French), le-źwauñg "João" (Portuguese).
	www.io.com /~hmiller/lang/Lindiga/phonology.html (923 words)

	Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristân
		R represents a retroflex approximant, as opposed to a tapped r.
		N is a retroflex nasal stop in groups 1 and 2, but a retroflex nasal flap in the other groups (again, Tregâmi is unclear).
		Harshening lowers the spectral frequency of a fricative by apicalizing and retroflexing it.
	users.sedona.net /~strand/Nuristani/nuristanis.html (3223 words)

	UNIL / Linguistique - phonetic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The corresponding dental or alveolar nasal is usually voiced as well.
		The corresponding retroflex nasal is usually voiced as well.
		The corresponding palatal nasal palatale is usually voiced as well.
	www2.unil.ch /ling/english/phonetique/api31-eng.html (430 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Nasal_consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Both stops and fricatives are more commonly voiceless than voiced, and are known as obstruents.)
		(In several American dialects of Spanish, there is no palatal nasal, but only a palatalized nasal, [nÊ²], as in English canyon.)
		Saout, J. le (1973) 'Languages sans consonnes nasales', Annales de l UniversitÃ© d'Abidjan, H, 6, 1, 179-205.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Nasal_consonant (680 words)

	Nasal consonant: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Nasal consonant
		A nasal is a sound produced when the air is allowed to escape through the nose, while its oral passage may be blocked by the lips or tongue (a nasal stop) or opened (a nasal vowel).
		[ɳ] voiced retroflex[?] nasal, common in Indic languages[?]
		[ɲ] voiced palatal nasal (SAMPA [J]); is an usual sound in European languages as in: Spanish ñ; or French and Italian gn; or Catalan and Hungarian ny; or Portuguese nh.
	www.encyclopedian.com /na/Nasals.html (156 words)

	South Asia Language Resource Center - Tamilweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nasal sounds are produced similar to how stop sounds are produced, but with an exception of air being released through nose instead of mouth.
		There are six nasals in Tamil and each of them is produced at the same place where the corresponding stop consonants are produced.
		When producing the retroflex lateral (L), the tip of the toungue curves back a little and makes a contact on the alveolar region of the mouth.
	lrrc3.sas.upenn.edu /tamilonline/consonants.html (760 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Nasal consonant
		However, there are also nasal vowels, as in French, Portuguese, Polish, and Ljubljana Slovene.
		When this is claimed, as with several of the Western Kru languages of Liberia, or the Pirahã language of the Amazon, nasal and non-nasal consonants usually alternate allophonically, and it is only a theoretical claim on the part of the individual linguist that the nasal version is not the basic form of the consonant.
		In the case of some Kru languages, for example, nasal consonants only occur before nasal vowels.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Nasal_consonant (563 words)

	[No title]
		A retroflex sound is produced by curling back the tip of the tongue until it makes contact with the roof of the mouth just behind the alveolar ridge.
		When a nasal and a stop which share the same place of articulation occur one after the other in speech, the resulting sound may be referred to as a
		In the spoken version, however, the nasal component of these clusters is often absent.
	www.linguistics.unimelb.edu.au /research/projects/jiwarli/sounds.2.html (371 words)

	Linguistique UNIL - Oral plosives
		The corresponding retroflex nasal is usually voiced as well.
		The corresponding palatal nasal palatale is usually voiced as well.
		The glottal stop is produced either by the suddent opening of the glottis under pressure from the air below, or by the abrupt closure of the glottis to block the airstream.
	www.unil.ch /ling/page24511.html (430 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Devanagari
		/ñ/ is the same as it is in Spanish: a palatal nasal.
		In fact, except for syllabic /r/ and /l/, any consonant with a dot underneath it is retroflex.
		To denote the nasal [-am], a dot is placed above the letter, much like the /am/ letter.
	www.ancientscripts.com /devanagari.html (443 words)

	Old Skourene
		These characters ṭ ḍ ş ḷ r should match the "retroflex" column in the diagram, while the velar nasal is ŋ.
		Retroflex is the best guess, but palatal and even aspirated stops are remoter possibilities.
		To produce retroflex stops, start with the tongue on the alveolar ridge behind the teeth, and slip it upwards.
	www.zompist.com /lenani.htm (7834 words)

	ToB AgorÃ - Glossary
		Since nasals are always continuous, not abrupt, it seems strange to call them stops, though strictly the definition of stops given above allows it.
		Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue.
		Alveolar or retroflex approximant, as in most accents of English (with minute differences): The front part of the tongue approaches the upper gum, or the tongue-tip is curled back towards the roof of the mouth ("retroflexion").
	www.geocities.com /robocaps_tower_of_babel/Agora-001.htm (2371 words)

	Transliteration.
		Literary Tamil has graphemes for a labial nasal m, a dental nasal n, an alveolar nasal 2, a retroflex nasal 3, a palatal nasal 5, and a velar nasal ng.
		These nasal vowels are not found in Literary Tamil, but arise from the nasalization of vowels followed by 2 or m in final position.
		Sometimes the conditioning factor does not even include a retroflex consonant, as in the example of pi6a, where the following consonant is alveolar; in extreme cases no second conditioning consonant is present, and an initial labial alone is sufficient to cause rounding, as in Literary Tamil mitakkum `it will float' becoming, in some dialects, [modakkum].
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/projects/node6.html (2803 words)

	[No title]
		Retroflex consonants cannot just be plain consonants plus the symbol for rhotacization.
		This operator may optionally be placed before the operand, in keeping with usual practice among computer users.
		The following tables follow the arrangement of the chart published in the Journal of the IPA for ease of reference.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.5/no.801-850/5-806 (1757 words)

	N—N [VIII:120b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Definition: an occlusive, dental, voiced nasal (Cantineau, Études, 38-40; Fleisch, Traité, i, 58, 84-5).
		In the Arabic script used for Ottoman Turkish, the dental nasal /n/ was conveyed by the letter
		Most Indian sound-systems have a retroflex nasal (derived generally from a single intervocalic nasal in Middle Indo-Aryan) as well as the dental, but these have fallen together in standard
	www1.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/C3/COM-0873.html (618 words)

	Language in India
		Please note that /Ñ/ is used to represent the velar nasal.
		Please note that /η/ is used to represent the dental nasal.
		In the next part I propose to present the morphological structure of the Jarawa language.
	www.languageinindia.com /nov2001/jarawa.html (491 words)

	Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA
		K\ labiodental approximant P (or v\) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r\` velar approximant M\ retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L\
		t' (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\ dental _d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g.
		A~ (or A_~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _} velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/sampa/x-sampa.htm (725 words)

	IPA Tables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Consonants which can be held on continuously without change of quality are sometimes classed together as contunatives or continuantsl they include nasal, lateral, rolled, fricative consonants and frictionless sounds.
		Nasal lateral and rolled consonants are sometimes classed together under the not very satisfactiory name Liquids.
		(Some authors do no include nasal consonants among "liquids".)
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/phon/ipasymb.htm (1574 words)

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