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Topic: Reusable launch system

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	Reusable launch system - Patent 6932302
		The system of claim 33, wherein said first vehicle has landing gear, said second vehicle has landing gear that is substantially the same as said landing gear on said first vehicle, and said third vehicle has landing gear that is substantially the same as said landing gear on said first and second vehicles.
		A reusable launch system, according to the principles of the present invention, includes first, second and third reusable vehicles that are connected together and that each have an onboard fuel supply and a propulsion engine.
		Reusable launch system 20 provides a system to place third vehicle 25 into orbit wherein a payload (cargo such as a satellite or supplies in the case of a CCV 26 or crew in the case of a CTV 28) can be deployed/retrieved or transferred to/from another vehicle in orbit and then return to earth.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6932302.html (7951 words)

	India plans RLV launch by early 2009
		It would be a precursor to mastering technologies related to reusable launch vehicles and would take off vertically, go into the right atmosphere, then fly out of the dense atmosphere, the scientist said.
		A reusable launch system is a vehicle capable of launching into space more than once.
		This contrasts with expendable launch systems, where each launch vehicle is launched once and then discarded.
	news.xinhuanet.com /english/2007-09/21/content_6766409.htm (197 words)

	Expendable launch system Summary
		Since the entire vehicle is discarded after launch, this may seem like an expensive launch method, but in practice they are cheaper than the one currently-existing partly reusable launch vehicle (the space shuttle -- see the shuttle article for a discussion of its economics).
		Most satellites are launched using expendable launchers; they are perceived as having a low risk of mission failure, a short time to launch and a relatively low cost.
		Expendable launch systems typically consist of stages which are discarded one by one, in order not to have to carry and accelerate parts that are no longer needed, see staging and multistage rocket, as opposed to the as-yet theoretical single stage to orbit system.
	www.bookrags.com /Expendable_launch_system (2202 words)

	Reusable launch system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This contrasts with expendable launch systems, where each launch vehicle is launched once and then discarded.
		No true orbital reusable launch system is in use as of August, 2006.
		However, reusability implies weight penalties such as reentry shielding and possibly a stronger structure to survive multiple uses, and given the lack of experience with these vehicles, the actual costs and reliability are yet to be seen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reusable_launch_system (2013 words)

	Future Launch Systems
		For reusable launch vehicles to be feasible, processing timelines must be shortened to less than four days; longer timelines will drive fleet size and processing facility requirements to unaffordable levels.
		Reusable launch vehicles are commonly proposed as responsive and inexpensive alternatives to expendable rockets.
		According to Aerospace analyses, reusable launch vehicles that have been optimized for minimum dry mass have staging velocities (that is, the velocity at which the second stage deploys) roughly between Mach 10.5 and 11.5.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2004/08.html (3177 words)

	Untitled
		Yet the cost to launch those satellites has remained nearly constant over the last ten years and is not predicted to decline dramatically within the next ten years.
		These systems can offer moderate launch cost reductions but are not sufficient to enable the expansion of access to space envisioned by NASA and required by this country.
		Launch costs have been reduced by 50 to 100 times from 1998 levels, and reliability has improved by a factor of 10,000.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/legaff/9-23gold.html (3378 words)

	Space Future - The Promise of Reusable Launch Vehicles for SPS
		Total launch demand is not expected to grow substantially beyond its current level of about $3 billion per year; Arianespace has estimated it to be $34 billion over the next 10 years, as shown in Table 1 (10).
		That is, although building larger launch vehicles with more massive payload capability may achieve economies of scale, it also reduces both the number of vehicles that need to be manufactured, and the number of times that they are operated.
		It is now believed that if reusable launch systems are operated in large volume - hundreds of flights/year each by tens or hundreds of vehicles - then they could achieve similar cost reductions to aircraft, of which the operating costs have fallen continuously for decades as the demand has grown by several orders of magnitude.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/the_promise_of_reusable_launch_vehicles_for_sps.shtml (2971 words)

	Reusable launch system Summary
		RLVs are designed to reduce launch costs by reusing the most expensive components of the vehicle rather than discarding them and building new ones for each mission (as is the case with expendable launch vehicles, known as ELVs).
		By establishing the ELV as the "existing launch vehicle," a mode of space transportation had been established that was too expensive to permit any normal economic development of the space frontier.
		This is in opposition to an expendable launch system, where each launch vehicle is launched once and then discarded.
	www.bookrags.com /Reusable_launch_system (5218 words)

	The New Atlantis - A Journal of Technology and Society
		How frequently we used the hypothetical launch system was much more important than what kind of propellant it used, or how many stages it had, or whether it took off or landed horizontally or vertically, or any other design choice.
		While Columbia’s thermal protection system failed to protect her from the heat of reentry, this was the result of an external event—a foam strike from the expendable external tank.
		We have been convinced by the shuttle experience that we cannot build affordable reusable launch vehicles, and we are convinced by the space station experience that we must avoid assembly in orbit.
	www.thenewatlantis.com /archive/6/simberg.htm (7209 words)

	Boeing: Rocketdyne: Space Launch Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NASA’s Space Launch Initiative is designed to reduce the risk associated with developing a second generation reusable launch vehicle by defining, developing and testing technologies needed to meet safety, reliability and cost goals.
		New propulsion technology developed through SLI will be central to achieving the goals of a reusable launch vehicle that is 100 times safer, ten times more reliable, and one-tenth the current cost of delivering payloads to orbit.
		Being developed as a part of the NASA Space Launch Initiative program, this engine is critical to meeting NASA’s crew safety goals with a highly reliable and low cost main engine for the next generation reusable launch system.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/space/propul/SLI.html (486 words)

	When the Enemy Has Our Eyes
		Its propulsion system’s attributes are not described or stated as requirements, but based on current RLV concepts the assumption is that cryogenic rocket engines will be used.
		The systems are never operated by military personnel, but mobilization agreements allow for close military direction of activities during contingencies and war.
		Launch base costs for today’s fleet of expendable rockets may not be a good indicator of future RLV launch base costs given the objectives of the RLV program.
	www.fas.org /spp/eprint/rampino.htm (14528 words)

	[No title]
		The desire for this type of launch system results from the preliminary findings of a continuing air force study of alternatives for future space launch systems, said Brig Gen Simon Worden, director of development and transformation in the service's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, California.
		Scenarios for these systems include meeting the need for a surge in deploying intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance satellites over a region during a crisis, quickly replenishing assets destroyed by an enemy or perhaps delivering weapons to strike targets across the globe (Jane's Defence Weekly 12 March).
		The analysis, he told JDW on 16 October, also highlights that a hybrid launch system featuring a reusable first stage and an expendable upper stage is one of the most attractive options - if not the best choice in terms of cost and risk.
	www.oft.osd.mil /library/library_files/article_259_Jane3.doc (854 words)

	Russia Hopes To Launch Reusable Spacecraft In 2012
		In short, reusable systems win the race at a minimum of 75 launches within a 15-year program, and save even more as the frequency of launches grows.
		With reusable systems under your belt, you need not produce a new rocket each time you have a heavy load to orbit.
		The bulk of post-flight and turnaround MRO calculations for reusable spacecraft made back in Soviet times was based on bench and flight tests of the Buran orbiter airframe, with special heat protection coatings, strategic bombers, and reusable liquid-propelled engines of the RD-170/RD-0120 class.
	www.physorg.com /news10644.html (1524 words)

	ATI's Launch Vehicle Systems-Reusable course
		The seminar is designed for engineers, decision makers and managers of current and future projects needing a better understanding of the complex issues involved in the optimization of reusable launch vehicles.
		The seminar is taught from the point-of-view of reusable launch vehicle decision makers.
		The similarities, and differences between expendable and reusable vehicle systems, design and performance are compared and explained to help understand the optimum launch vehicle design.
	www.aticourses.com /launch_vehicle_systems_reusable.htm (856 words)

	Yoshifumi Inatani - Research on Reusable Vehicles -
		Today there are three main categories of demand for space transportation: the launch of communication, broadcasting and navigation satellites by which we distribute the "information" on radio wave; transportation to and from the International Space Station, where economic efficiency is not a top priority; and scientific research.
		The United States developed the Space Shuttle as a partly reusable launch system, but given the current limited demand for space transportation and the low flight frequency of the Shuttle, this system actually costs more than the conventional expendable launch system.
		A transportation system for such needs must be economically viable if the cost of electricity generated by those power plants is to be competitive, and if space tourism is to be affordable for enough people.
	www.jaxa.jp /article/interview/no3/p3_e.html (309 words)

	Launch Assist Tethers
		A number of concepts for lower cost, reusable launch vehicles have been proposed, but the simple and unforgiving nature of the rocket equation and the limitations of presently known chemical propellants make achieving those cost reductions with rocket technologies alone a very unlikely prospect.
		This launch assist capability can combine with reusable launch systems based on chemical rockets or other advanced technologies to achieve the order-of-magnitude reductions in launch costs needed for a viable space economy to develop.
		In this concept, illustrated in the figure to the right, a long high-strength tether is deployed from an orbiting facility, and the tethered system is set into rotation so that, at the bottom of its swing, the tip of the tether is moving much slower than the center of mass of the system.
	tethers.com /LaunchAssist.html (582 words)

	Around Central Florida Launch Locations
		STS or Space shuttle Launch Complex 39 Pads A and B: shuttles are each a partially reusable launch system composed of three main assemblies: the reusable orbiter vehicle, the expendable external tank (ET), and the two partially-reusable solid rocket boosters (SRBs).
		The vehicle is launched vertically like a conventional rocket, and the orbiter glides to a horizontal landing, after which it is refurbished for reuse.
		Known as the “workhorse” of the launch industry, the Delta II comprises a group of expendable rockets that can be configured as two- or three-stage vehicles and with three, four or nine strap-on graphite epoxy motors (GEMs) depending on mission needs.
	www.aroundcentralflorida.com /features/shuttle (456 words)

	Document 1 - Appendix A
		It has the opportunity to be the first truly affordable space transportation system through its potential for greatly simplified ground processing and increased launch rate enabled by innovative vehicle architecture.
		Mission requirements and relative capability for launch vehicles are usually stated in terms of pound of payload to low Earth orbit.
		Launch rate, and the resultant cost per launch, is thereby factored into the data and "levels the playing field" among different vehicle concepts.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/nexgen/Document1_OpsVision/rlvhp1g.htm (495 words)

	Spiral 50-50
		The Spiral system consisted of three main components: the GSR reusable hypersonic air-breathing launch aircraft; RB expendable two stage rocket; and the OS orbital spaceplane.
		He believes reusable systems are needed to reduce the cost of spaceflight.
		The first air-drop launch from a Tu-95K (used previously for Kh-20 air to surface missile tests) was made from an altitude of 5,000 m, with landing on skids on a beaten earth air strip.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/spil5050.htm (2062 words)

	SPACE.com -- Tourism Update: Jeff Bezos? Spaceship Plans Revealed
		Blue Origin proposes to launch its reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) on suborbital, ballistic trajectories to altitudes in excess of 325,000 feet (99,060 meters) from a privately-owned space launch site in Culberson County, Texas.
		Access to the proposed launch site is from Texas Highway 54, which is approximately five miles (8 kilometers) west of the proposed project's center of operations.
		As detailed in the EA, the New Shepard RLV system would be comprised of a propulsion module and a crew capsule capable of carrying three or more space flight participants on roundtrip treks from the ground to the edge of space.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/060705_blue_origin.html (1722 words)

	SPACE.com -- Plans For Next Generation 'Shuttle' Ends First Phase; 15 Concepts Have Emerged
		One tough-to-do assignment for the SLI-derived launch system, Smith said, is attaining a 1 in 10,000 probability of losing a crew.
		Furthermore, a second-generation reusable launch system is being sought that lowers the cost-per-pound to orbit from $10,000 to just $1,000 a pound.
		This permits alternate human access to space in the event the space shuttle, or the craft's main reusable launch booster, was grounded with a technical problem, he said.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/sli_firstphase_020430.html (947 words)

	Space Launch Initiative (SLI)
		The original program goal when SLI was announced was to begin full-scale development of a reusable launch system in 2006 with flight operations anticipated in the 2012 timeframe.
		Space Systems Company is committed to being the world's preferred provider of human and reusable space transportation systems and services now and into the future.
		Space Systems Company is working to define OSP architectures with a goal of selecting a final design to support a systems requirements review in October of this year.
	www.lockheedmartin.com /customers/us/nasa/SLI.html (707 words)

	A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NOTICE, Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Advanced Technology Demonstrator X - 33, DRAFT 1 (1994)
		The objective of NASA's technology development and demonstration effort is to support government and private sector decisions by the end of this decade on development of an operational next-generation reusable launch system.
		The X-33 must adequately demonstrate the key design and operational aspects of a reusable space launch system so as to reduce the risk to the private sector in developing such a commercially viable launch system.
		Multiple awards are planned for the X-33 Phase I activity during which each participant shall mature their total X-33 business investment strategies and planning, operations planning and vehicle design and analysis with detail sufficient to permit competitive selection of industry partner(s) and their X-33 design concept(s) at the end of the period.
	www.islandone.org /Launch/X33-CAN-d1.html (8055 words)

	RASCAL - Responsive Access, Small Cargo, Affordable Launch / SLC-1
		While the cost goal is commensurate with current large payload launch systems, the operational system, through production economies of scale, will be more than a factor of three less than current capabilities for the dedicated micro payload size.
		The Space Launch Corporation of Irvine, California, is in the initial development stages of its SLC-1 launch system.
		RASCAL is a new tactical launch system that will provide the US military with the ability to launch time critical space-based assets within hours of detection of an emerging threat.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/rascal.htm (1177 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| NASA begins 2nd-generation reusable rocket program
		NASA has created a new program office to lead its effort to enable development of a new reusable launch vehicle for flight in 2010 that will be dramatically safer and less expensive than today's rockets.
		The new Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle program office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., is part of NASA's Space Launch Initiative and an integral part of the agency's Integrated Space Transportation Plan.
		The proposals are a step toward enabling development of a launch system beginning in 2005, leading to an operational system that will dramatically increase safety and reduce the cost of space flight.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0101/17rlv2 (512 words)

	Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicles
		A reusable single-stage-to-orbit vehicle is, by definition, a vehicle that can attain orbit around the Earth using one stage of propulsion.
		Zubrin observes that all three aerospace giants that bid for the X-33 had a stake in the then-current launch market, and a dramatic drop in launch costs that SSTO vehicles would bring was not in their interests.
		Launched from a high-altitude aircraft, SpaceShipOne will be able to reach the 100 km mark set to win the X-Prize.
	vorlon.case.edu /~jam64/work/ssto.htm (3232 words)

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