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	Reverse discrimination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reverse discrimination is a term used to describe discriminatory policies or acts that benefit a historically sociopolitically nondominant group (typically minorities), rather than the historically sociopolitically dominant group.
		The term "reverse discrimination" is sometimes considered synonymous with the terms affirmative action and positive discrimination.
		Critics of reverse discrimination, typically in the politically and socially dominant groups, believe proponents take a situational stand where a principled stand is more appropriate, arguing that the practice replaces one form of discrimination with another.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reverse_discrimination (653 words)

	Encyclopedia: Reverse discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Affirmative action (U.S. English), or positive discrimination (British English), is a policy or a program promoting the representation in various systems of people of a group who have traditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society.
		Reverse discrimination is social discrimination against members of a historically dominant group, especially when resulting from affirmative action policies established to reduce discrimination against members of a disadvantaged group.
		The terms Discrimination and Reverse discrimination are used to describe policies or habits of social discrimination with an implication of unfairness.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reverse-discrimination (1405 words)

	www.GovExec.com - Reverse Discrimination (10/22/04)
		A Federal Aviation Administration employee recently settled an employment discrimination case where he said he was passed over for promotions because of his gender and race.
		He said that with the assistance of the court, the department was able to reach a settlement that is fair to both parties and upholds the FAA's commitment to ensure a workplace free of unlawful discrimination of any form.
		Durnford originally filed the complaint on March 1, 1996, claiming he was discriminated against when he was rejected for an immigration judgeship because he is a white male.
	www.govexec.com /dailyfed/1004/102204lb.htm (885 words)

	Reverse Discrimination In The Workplace - Wrongful Termination
		Reverse discrimination is a term that describes policies or habits of social discrimination against members of a historically dominant group with an implication of unfairness.
		Sometimes reverse discrimination can result from affirmative action policies created to decrease discrimination in the workplace against minority employees.
		Most forms of reverse discrimination are now illegal in most countries, however in some countries, like the U.S, affirmative action assisting minorities is required by law.
	allisontaylor.com /wrongful_termination/reverse_discrimination.asp?... (331 words)

	Affirmative Action: A Counterproductive Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Discrimination against white males is just as bad as discrimination against minorities.
		Although discrimination still exists in the U.S., as it does in the rest of the world, most fls entering the job market today were born after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and have suffered little or no prejudice in terms of salary.
		The Alan Bakke Supreme Court case held that it is reverse discrimination to accept a minority student at the expense of a white student with better credentials.
	www.libertyhaven.com /politicsandcurrentevents/affirmativeaction/counterproductive.shtml (1187 words)

	Jackson Lewis - Michigan Supreme Court Levels the Field for "Reverse Discrimination" Claims
		Reversing a position held since 1997, the Michigan Supreme Court has ruled that the "background circumstances" test for determining the sufficiency of a claim of reverse employment discrimination does not comport with the state's fair employment practices law.
		Holding that the heightened requirements in a reverse discrimination lawsuit conflict with the letter and spirit of the Elliot-Larsen Civil Rights Act, the state supreme court has eliminated any legal distinction between discrimination and "reverse discrimination" and leveled the field for bringing such lawsuits against employers.
		This decision eliminates any legal distinction in Michigan between discrimination and "reverse discrimination" and will make it easier for majority-class plaintiffs to maintain discrimination claims under the state's civil rights laws.
	www.jacksonlewis.com /legalupdates/article.cfm?aid=630 (228 words)

	Michigan Supreme Court Issues Reversal on Reverse Discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Michigan Supreme Court has reversed itself on an important aspect of reverse discrimination lawsuits, saying the "background circumstances" test for such claims don't square with the state's fair employment practices law.
		The ruling has the effect of eliminating any legal distinction between discrimination and reverse discrimination claims--the plaintiffs in either type of case now have the same standards to meet.
		The Allen decision held that a "majority" plaintiff in a reverse discrimination case must, in addition to satisfying the obligations of "minority" plaintiffs in discrimination cases, present "background circumstances supporting the suspicion that the defendant is that unusual employer who discriminates against the majority."
	hr.blr.com /display.cfm/id/15947 (652 words)

	Reverse discrimination - Global Affairs Forum, Politics, Law, Science, Health
		Reverse discrimination would be when a member of a non-protected class is discriminated against by a member of a protected class.
		Reverse duscrimination is when one is waiting outside the guidence counseler's door, hears "you can get in that school, they take a lot of fls",then go in and find that your white ass can't get in with higher grade point average.
		Much of the opposition to affirmative action is framed on the grounds of so-called "reverse discrimination and unwarranted preferences." In fact, less than 2 percent of the 91,000 employment discrimination cases pending before the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission are reverse discrimination cases.
	www.globalaffairs.org /forum/showthread.php?t=3953 (2330 words)

	Debate Topics: Affirmative Action
		Those efforts, designed to redress the imbalances caused by long-standing discrimination, are called affirmative action; to argue that affirmative action, which gives preferential treatment to disadvantaged minorities as part of a plan to achieve social equality, is no different from the policies that created the disadvantages in the first place is a travesty of reasoning.
		"Reverse racism" is a cogent description of affirmative action only if one considers the cancer of racism to be morally and medically indistinguishable from the therapy we apply to it.
		The word "unfair" is hardly an adequate description of their experience, and the belated gift of "fairness" in the form of a resolution no longer to discriminate against them legally is hardly an adequate remedy for the deep disadvantages that the prior discrimination has produced.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /composition/patterns/fish.htm (2530 words)

	Affirmative Action is reverse discrimination
		Those who use the term "reverse descrimination" are actually engaging in moral absolutism, a completely unworkable concept that has never been practiced by any society in history.
		Even white men who never owned slaves or discriminated against women were effected by their loss of political and economic privilege.
		And penalizing someone who discriminates (in the legitimate sense of the word) against minorities by denying them jobs is no different from penalizing someone who discriminates against minorities by denying them the vote.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-reversediscrimination.htm (1236 words)

	FAQ 21- Reverse Discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reverse discrimination was established in six cases, and the courts provided appropriate relief in those cases, it said.
		``This research suggests that the problem of `reverse discrimination' is not widespread; and that where it exists, the courts have given relief,'' Blumrosen wrote.
		Reverse discrimination claims fell into two categories: individual decisions in which a white male contended he would have obtained a job had he been fl or female, and cases that claimed programs or plans unfairly favored women and minorities.
	www.mdcbowen.org /p2/sf/faq021.htm (484 words)

	workplace reverse discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Discrimination can be age discrimination, racial discrimination, employment discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination...
		Reverse Discrimination Is Not A Major Problem In The Workplace, U.s.
		Japan plans to ban workplace discrimination against pregnant women and mothers in a bid to let people balance careers and families and reverse a falling birthrate, a government minister said.
	actiontheatre.org /th/at/workplace-reverse-discrimination.htm (591 words)

	Reverse Discrimination the Story of Allan Bakke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This IS reverse discrimination, and it should not be practiced.
		In a 1989 case it was ruled that the legacy of discrimination was not enough to validate the use of hiring quotas.
		The name of this case and the specific facts, however, were unavailable at this time.9 Obviously affirmative action and reverse discrimination are still heavily debated issues.
	thrashinc.dynu.com /anarchy/essays/reversediscriminationallanbakke.htm (1517 words)

	Law.com - Reverse Age Discrimination Suit Viable, Says 6th Circuit
		Disagreeing, the circuit court said, "[W]e do not share the commonly held belief that this situation is one of so-called 'reverse discrimination.' Insofar as we are able to determine, the expression 'reverse discrimination' has no ascertainable meaning under the law."
		Though it acknowledged the new pact facially discriminated by creating two employee classes based solely on age, the district court said that the statute does not recognize "reverse discrimination" claims and that its purpose was "to address the problems faced by older workers, not workers who suffer discrimination because they are too young."
		One of the employees' attorneys, E. Bruce Hadden of Columbus, Ohio, was heartened that the ruling stripped the case of its "reverse discrimination" tag, saying that only someone younger than the protected class could make such a claim.
	www.law.com /jsp/article.jsp?id=1024079063274 (528 words)

	Court rejects reverse age discrimination \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Instead, in 6-to-3 decision, the court said the law was intended to protect older workers from workplace discrimination that favors younger workers.
		At issue in the case was how that prohibition should apply to alleged age discrimination among workers who were all at least 40 years old, and thus covered by the protections of the ADEA.
		In their view, the statute authorizes anyone to sue for discrimination whenever age is used as a job criterion.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0225/p03s01-usju.html (631 words)

	Be Fair: Reverse Discrimination
		Let's assume that the following two principles represent sound public policy: (1) racial discrimination in regard to employment is a bad thing; (2) hiring and promotion should favor the best qualified applicant for the position.
		Case 1: An employer is of the same "race" as his son-in-law and gives preference to the son-in-law, even though there is another applicant of a different "race" who is better qualified for the position under consideration.
		Case 4: A quota of jobs for African Americans leads to a complaint that such a policy is racial discrimination against "whites," that it disregards the need to reward merit, and that there is no overriding public interest served by quotas.
	www.zmag.org /zmag/articles/june95allen.htm (692 words)

	Affirmative Action: The New Road to Serfdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since their immediate ancestors suffered direct discrimination while the white males of the time did not, they were born with disadvantages mostly nonexistent in the dominant white culture.
		The major complaint against preferential policies is that they inevitably lead to reverse discrimination against young white males and hence only perpetuate the very sort of injustice they purport to redress; let us call this the reverse discrimination counter-argument.
		Finally, white males alleging reverse discrimination have found that the courts are almost totally indifferent to them; the very existence of reverse discrimination is sometimes denied.
	www.libertyhaven.com /politicsandcurrentevents/affirmativeaction/roadserfdom.shtml (6878 words)

	Affirmative Action History
		The policy was introduced in 1965 by President Johnson as a method of redressing discrimination that had persisted in spite of civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees.
		Reverse discrimination became an issue, epitomized by the famous Bakke case in 1978.
		Considering that Jim Crow laws and lynching existed well into the '60s, and that myriad subtler forms of racism in housing, employment, and education persisted well beyond the civil rights movement, conservatives impatient for fls to "get over" the legacy of slavery needed to realize that slavery was just the beginning of racism in America.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/affirmative1.html (1177 words)

	Affirmative Action (Chap 2, Issues)
		As more and more Americans are discovering that "reverse discrimination is still discrimination," the struggle to reverse two generations of faulty social policies has begun to heat up.
		The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group, on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.
		While it may be possible to set forth all sorts of economic or ethical reasons why affirmative action is wrong, or even to demonstrate how reverse discrimination has failed to solve the social problems it was meant to address, the central issue cannot be merely financial or social.
	www.leaderu.com /issues/fabric/chap02.html (1393 words)

	Essay on Affirmative action Reverse discrimination
		Affirmative Action = Reverse Discrimination We are all aware that discrimination took place over 50 years ago.
		It was not our fault that discrimination against fls and females happened years ago just as it is not our fault what skin color or what race we are.
		Affirmative action is reverse discrimination and we as a country need to solve the problem, not by getting rid of that one and creating another problem.
	www.dedicatedwriters.com /paper/Affirmative_action_Reverse_dis-86197.html (187 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on Reverse Discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reverse Discrimination In 1973 a thirty-three year-old Caucasian male named Allan Bakke applied to and was denied admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis.
		In 1974 he filed another application and was once again rejected, even though his test scores were considerably higher than various minorities that were admitted under a special program.
		Justice was served to Bakke, but future generations who are not minorities may be plagued by the other half of the decision: That race may still be used as a "plus" on an application.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/Reverse_Discrimination-39391.html (172 words)

	The SOHO Daily News \| High Court Rejects Reverse-Discrimination Claim
		The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) does not prohibit an employer from providing better benefits to older workers than to younger ones, even when the younger workers are within the class of employees protected under the act, the Supreme Court ruled on February 24, 2004.
		In ruling against the younger workers, the Supreme Court concluded that age discrimination "is naturally understood to refer to discrimination against the older." Congress wrote the ADEA, the court said, with the understanding that age discrimination involves bias against older workers.
		The regulation said in effect that an employer cannot discriminate based on age in employment decisions involving two members of a protected class, one who is younger and one who is older.
	www.toolkit.cch.com /columns/people/04-309adea.asp (513 words)

	AGE DISCRIMINATION » REVERSE DISCRIMINATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Deciding an important unresolved issue under federal age discrimination law, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in a 6-3 majority opinion, that a company's elimination of retiree health coverage for workers under the age of fifty did not violate the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA).
		Claim of "Reverse Age Discrimination" in Retiree Benefits Is Rejected by U.S. Supreme Court.
		The Supreme Court this week agreed to decide whether employers can be liable for “reverse” age discrimination when they offer certain benefits only to their oldest workers.
	www.elinfonet.com /fedarticles/2/20 (674 words)

	Reverse Discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The method of "Reverse Discrimination" was brought to my attention by Gary Keithline of Find Electronics, who operates all the great Metal Detecting forums at findmall.com.
		"Reverse Discrimination" is a method for the times when you want to concentrate on those really deep signals in search of those really deep coins while hunting with the Minelab Sovereign.
		Step 2 When you finally hear one of those faint, repeatable signals, you want to immediately switch to "Discriminate Mode." The key is to ignore any meter if you are using one and listen for the Threshold Sound.
	www.frontiernet.net /~jvokes/reverse.htm (355 words)

	Supreme Court to Decide Reverse Discrimination Claim
		The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to decide whether "reverse discrimination" claims, in which older employees are favored over younger employees, can be brought under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA).
		The ADEA prohibits discrimination against any individual with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of the individual's age.
		Cline, a group of workers sued for age discrimination after the employer changed its benefits plan to provide that only workers who were at least 50 years old in 1997 could retire with full health benefits.
	fordharrison.com /fh/news/articles/20030422reverse_discrimination.asp (343 words)

	Reverse discrimination? - Games are for Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since blatant racial discrimination in the job market wasn't that long ago (my parents experienced a lot of it) I find it hard to argue ideals and principles on this subject, knowing that no EE meant no food on the table or clothes for the kids of non-whites...
		I'm not even sure you can call it "reverse discrimination" but during my research, I discovered that universities and law schools, specifically, do not include asians in their application of affirmative action.
		If we take into consideration all the things one experiences throughout the course of his or her life living here in North America (or anywhere else in the world, for that matter), trust me, it's more advantageous to be in the majority than in the minority.
	www.gamesareforchildren.com /archives/289-Reverse-discrimination.html (1264 words)

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