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Topic: Revival (Abkhazia)

	ABKHAZIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abkhazia (Abkhaz ?????/Aphsny, Georgian ????????/Apkhazeti, Russian ????´???/Abkhazia) is a region of 8,600 km² (3,300 sq.mi.) in the Caucasus.
		The Caucasus mountains on the north and northeast divide Abkhazia from Circassia; on the southeast it is bounded by Mingrelia (Samegrelo); and on the southwest by the Black Sea.
		Abkhazia was made an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century, a status it retained until the 9th century, when it was united with the Georgian kingdom of Imereti.
	www.news-olympics.com /Abkhazia (3819 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		Peace in the separatist areas of Abkhazia and south Ossetia, overseen by Russian peacekeepers and international organizations, will continue to be fragile, requiring years of economic development and negotiation to overcome local enmities.
		Currently, Russian peacekeepers, under the authority of the Commonwealth of Independent States, are stationed in Abkhazia, along with UN observers, but both groups have recently had to restrict their activities due to increased mining and guerrilla activity.
		The Union of Democratic Revival is a vehicle in Tbilisi for political representation of the Ajarian region.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/georgia9811.html (2686 words)

	SECURITY COUNCIL EXTENDS MANDATE OF UNOMIG UNTIL 31 JANUARY 1997
		The forces that instigated the conflicts in Abkhazia and elsewhere in the Soviet empire had spawned strong antagonisms between democratic values and the forces of revenge which relied on such so-called hot beds as the situation in Abkhazia.
		Citing the continued failure of the parties to the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia to achieve a comprehensive political settlement, he said the economic and political consequences of that failure were serious.
		The Georgian Government's proposal to grant Abkhazia far-reaching autonomy within the framework of a unified Georgian State, as outlined in president Shevardnadze's letter of 9 July, was a solid foundation upon which to build a comprehensive political settlement.
	www.un.org /news/Press/docs/1996/sc6244a.doc.htm (5877 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two ways were chosen for complete absorption of Abkhazia into Georgia: the first, a peaceful way: the mechanical growth of the Georgian population in Abkhazia and artificial assimilation of Abkhazians, and the second, military way, produced by aggressive nationalism: the occupation of the country, the extermination of the indigenous people.
		The revival in March 1921 of the Abkhazian statehood in the form of the SSR of Abkhazia created conditions for physical preservation and social, economic and cultural development of the Abkhazian people and of all the multi-ethnic population of the Republic.
		Considering the current complex demographic situation in Abkhazia, which is the heritage of the historical past, to recommend to the President and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Abkhazia to determine a long term demographic policy of the state, to adopt a state programme for the demographic development of Abkhazia.
	www.abkhazia.org /resolution3.html (1293 words)

	Kosovo Conflict Stirs Talk of Nuclear Gamble in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Russian peacekeepers at the Gudauta base in Abkhazia were put on combat alert Aug. 24 when military intelligence was told that 300 Chechen rebels had gathered 5 km from the Abkhazian border in Georgia’s Samegrelo region.
		Abkhazia’s defense ministry announced partial mobilization of reservists, while Interfax added fuel to the fire by boosting the number of Chechens involved to 800 and reporting that they were led by Gelayev.
		Speaking at the height of the crisis on Aug. 24, Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Kakha Sikharulidze said reports of a Chechen presence were being falsely spread by Russia to justify its continued presence at the Gudauta base, a foothold that some regional observers say is crucial for Moscow’s influence in the region.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_461_5092_news.htm (1856 words)

	Fearful Abkhazia Talks to Allies
		Leaders of the breakaway republic of Abkhazia, fearful of what the change of government in Georgia may mean for them, flew to Moscow on November 27 for talks with potential allies.
		Abkhazia has regarded itself as a separate state since it won the 1992-93 war with Georgia, though it is unrecognised.
		In Abkhazia, the situation is complicated by a renewed campaign by Amtsakhara veterans to force Ardzinba to step down.
	kafkas.org.tr /perspektif/aralik_hafta_I/12-inal-khashig_27.11.2003.htm (901 words)

	Abkhazia.Org - Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The ethnic conflicts in Georgia and Abkhazia exert direct influence on the situation in the Caucasus and in Russia The Georgianand#64979;Abkhazian conflict is not well known in the West.
		There are a lot of problems in studying the ancient history of Abkhazia, as attested to in the most objective official historical papers written before the 1980s.’ One could write about the history of Abkhazia only in its close connection with that of Georgia.
		In the event of a peaceful solution of the war in Abkhazia, however, the CPC will have at its disposal not just reservists, but ready mobile detachments, in which case they will be able to make their appearance in the areas of interethnic unrest in the Caucasus earlier than their Russian counterparts.
	www.abkhazia.org /discus/messages/12/20.html?MondayJanuary2120020344pm (10225 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		Currently, Russian peacekeepers, under the authority of the Commonwealth of Independent States, are stationed in Abkhazia, along with UN observers, but both groups have recently had to restrict their activities due to increased land-mine sowing and guerrilla activity.
		The Revival Union Party is a vehicle for political representation in Tbilisi of the Ajarian region.
		It is an observer in the Council of Europe DEFENSE Following the defeat of the disparate Georgian militias in Abkhazia in September 1993, Georgia began the process of building a modern army.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/georgia9707.html (2558 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abkhazia: Government Poll Landslide Contested The Sukhum government gains full control of Abkhazia's new assembly after the opposition pull out of elections.
		Revival and another opposition grouping, the People's Party, withdrew almost all their candidates three days before the vote in protest at the way the electoral campaign was being conducted.
		The international community declared the elections illegitimate on the grounds that Abkhazia is an unrecognised state and that around 200,000 Georgians expelled from the region in 1992-3 did not have the right to vote.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/cau/cau_200203_119_1_eng.txt (821 words)

	THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM OF ABKHAZIA IN 1980-2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In April 23, 1991 in Abkhazia was established and registered the organization "Association of Russian Culture in Abkhazia" which later was renamed as "Commune of Russian Nation of Abkhazia".
		In spring of 1992 in Abkhazia was established a uniting coalition of political parties and national movement – "Union", in which entered: citizen's front "aidgilara", "Citizen's Party of Abkhazia", Russian civic organization – "Slavic House", Armenian civic organization – "Krunk" and some other small organizations, which were mainly connected with united separatist platform.
		On first stage were established the highest committee of Abkhazia and a procedure of adopting of two documents determining the State system of Abkhazia.
	georgia-gateway.org /FES/eng/publication/liflet1.htm (2589 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The long steel bridge across the river Inguri, dividing Georgia and Abkhazia, bears a daily stream of Georgian refugees, who are tentatively trying to rebuild their homes in the Gali region, almost ten years after the war that broke Georgia apart.
		Abkhazia's de facto leader in Ardzinba's absence is the prime minister Anri Djergenia, a grey and sombre bureaucrat.
		Revival's leaders do not dissent from the official position that Abkhazia should strive for full independence, but accuse the authorities of being undemocratic and inflexible.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/cau/cau_200202_117_1_eng.txt (1318 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition to the aggravation of the political situation in the North Caucasus Abkhazia also appeared to be under the threat of Bolshevis t revolution.
		As regards the region of Gagra, according to Tsar Nicholas II's decree of December 1904, it was taken away from Abkhazia and annex ed to the Black Sea province.
		Abkhazia was declared a s overeign republic as well as the South-Ossetian Autonomous province.
	www.parliament.ge /GENERAL/HotPoints/ABKHAZIA/rusrole.txt (1877 words)

	Background Note: Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The political status of the breakaway provinces of Abkhazia and South Ossetia is unresolved.
		The Union of Democratic Revival, a nationwide party, is effectively a vehicle in Tbilisi for political representation of the Ajaran region.
		MPs of the Abkhazia faction (in exile) remain vocal and influential in pushing for resolution for the Abhaz conflict.
	www.world-digest.com /Notes/gg.htm (2482 words)

	Avtandil Menteshashvili - Some national and ethnic problems in Georgia (1918-1922)
		Those statements are usually based on anti-Georgian ideas of tsarist generals whose purpose was to restore "united and inseparable" Russia and on falsification of certain facts from the history of Georgian- Abkhaz relations in 1918-1921.
		According to the Georgian Sea-shore Protection organization 1982-1989 reports, 53,100,000 roubles were spent on the protection, revival and improvement of Abkhazian sea-side landscapes and 43,000,000 roubles on beach creation.
		The above mentioned resolution of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia was characterized by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Georgian SSR as a blatant violation of the constitutions of the Georgian SSR, Abkhaz ASSR and USSR.
	sisauri.tripod.com /politic/preface.htm (739 words)

	Political parties in Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All-Georgian Union for Revival or Revival of Georgia (Sruliad Sakartvelos Aghordzinebis Kavshiri, SSAK) - 64 seats - is a regionally-based electoral bloc formed in 1999 in Batumi, the capital of Adjara, an autonomous region ruled by Aslan Abashidze.
		The bloc consists of Abashidze’s Revival Party, the Union of Georgian Traditionalists, the Socialist Party of Georgia, former Communist Party leader Jumber Patiashvili and a group of supporters of former president Zviad Gamsakhurdia (called the XXI Century).
		Revival wants to clarify relations between state bodies and strengthen the rule of law.
	www.europeanforum.bot-consult.se /cup/georgia/parties.htm (996 words)

	BHHRG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abkhazia has been de facto independent from the rest of Georgia since a war of independence in the early 1990s.
		In the 1999 parliamentary elections, the Revival Democratic Union Bloc took second place under conditions of widespread violence committed against it by the Citizens’ Union.
		The Revival bloc was made up of four parties: the Revival Party of Aslan Abashidze, President of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria; Vakhtang Rcheulishvili’s Socialist Party; Akaki Asatiani’s Union of Traditionalists; and the Konstantin Gamsakhurdia Society led by Vakhtang Bochorishvili.
	www.bhhrg.org /CountryReport.asp?CountryID=10&ReportID=1&ChapterID=2&next=next&keyword= (2093 words)

	Interfax: Revival of trust with Russia vital for Georgia
		Before the war, Abkhazia had a population of almost 700,000 people, now less than 150,000 are living there.
		As for the political status of Abkhazia, that is a separate matter.
		But what is going on in Abkhazia cannot be called either peace or war, it is some sort of chaos evolving into lawlessness.
	www.interfax.com /17/29221/Interview.aspx (1778 words)

	Gennady Gagulia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gennady (Genadi) Gagulia (born 1948) was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Abkhazia, a de facto independent republic of Georgia, from 1995-97 and again from 2002-03.
		During the Georgian-Abkhaz war in the early 1990s, Gagulia was a member of the Abkhazian Defense Committee, which was responsible for, among other things, the distribution of food, at a time when Abkhazian forces only controlled a section of the country.
		In 2003, Gagulia's highly unpopular government was forced to resign, against the wishes of President Vladislav Ardzinba, amidst large protests from Abkhazia's two main opposition groups, Amtsakhara and Aitara (Revival).
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gennady_gagulia.html (411 words)

	ecoi.net - Focus countries » Georgia » Autonomous Territories (Developments before ...
		“Revival is the only Georgian opposition party with an almost-guaranteed presence in parliament, as it regularly wins from 90 to 97 percent of the vote in Adjaria’s highly suspect elections.
		Revival rarely stakes out a concrete policy position, and has often used its spoiler role in parliament to its advantage.
		Shevardnadze and Revival strengthened their alliance when the president appointed Abashidze as his special representative to regulate the conflict in Abkhazia.
	www.ecoi.net /doc/en/ge/content/7/3545-12025 (712 words)

	[No title]
		Abkhazia and South Ossetia are dirt-poor, heavily militarized and under the control of Russian security services (in a familiar symbiosis with organized-crime networks).
		Khajimba had told me in Sukhumi two weeks earlier that the ethnic cleansing of Georgians (45% of Abkhazia's population, compared to 17% Abkhaz, prior to the 1992 Russian-led war on Georgia) was justified and irreversible and that he sees Abkhazia's future only in close association with Russia.
		Zhirinovsky sailed from the port of Sochi to Abkhazia on a Russian gunboat, which he turned over to the Abkhaz forces as a gift---complete with its Russian training crew.
	www.jamestown.org /images/doc/0903wsj.doc (949 words)

	Mikadze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a result of bloody massacre, violence and plunder, whole Abkhazia is in tears and mourning, the towns and the villages are in ruins.
		We, the representatives of the elder generation of Abkhazia, who remember the bright and kind relations, hope that the historical and blood relationship between our nations and the impossibility of their separation will be taken into account during our meeting.
		In search of means of getting over the crisis in the relations between our nations, gradual restoration of the mutual trust and peaceful regulation of the conflict, it is proposed to involve the wide and active public movement in the settlement of the problems.
	www.mmc.net.ge /abkhazia/Abkhazia2.htm (790 words)

	Georgia (01/04)
		The Georgian Government stakes much of its future on the revival of the ancient Silk Road as the Eurasian energy transportation corridor, using Georgia's geography as a bridge for transit of goods between Europe and Asia.
		The Revival Party led by Jemal Gogitidze is overwhelmingly based in Ajara and is firmly under the control of that region’s governor, Aslan Abashidze.
		Revival, New Rights, the Labor Party, and the Industrialist are significant opposition parties.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/g/33434.htm (2986 words)

	Georgians and Abkhazians. The Search for a Peace Settlement-Notes
		Abkhazia has never known any form of religious fanaticism, Abkhazians are very tolerant of other faiths, and, in all fairness, tend to be quite indifferent to matters of religion.
		This resettlement policy, aimed at shifting the demographic balance in Abkhazia in favour of ethnic Georgians, was successfully carried out by the Communist authorities of Georgia up to 1992, but this policy was practised on its largest scale in the 1930s and 1940s, under the rule of Stalin and Beria.
		It was planned to carry out the exercises in the Gal region of Abkhazia, in parallel with the introduction there of a CIS battalion consisting mainly of ethnic Georgians.
	poli.vub.ac.be /publi/Georgians/notes.html (4814 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Shevardnadze leads Georgia poll
		The CUG has been fending off a tough challenge from the Democratic Revival of Georgia (DRG) bloc of Aslan Abashidze in an election that is widely seen as a referendum on the seven-year rule of the president.
		Regional separatism in Abkhazia, Ajaria and Tskhinvali, formerly South Ossetia, has also contributed, as has the enmity of supporters of the late Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the anti-Russian nationalist and first head of state of independent Georgia.
		Apart from leading Revival, Mr Abashidze is the autocratic ruler of the Ajarian autonomous region in south-west Georgia.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/world/europe/newsid_500000/500358.stm (599 words)

	Rosbalt.RU - printer friendly version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Revival, the party of Aslan Abashidze, head of the Ajaria Autonomous Republic, will not participate in Georgia's presidential elections.
		'Tbilisi, not Batumi, has spawned all our quarrels; it is the center that has destroyed Georgia, as illustrated by the examples of Abkhazia and Southern Ossetia, which, de facto, have ceased to be part of Georgia,' the head of the autonomy said.
		In addition to these autonomies, he stated, Georgia has lost more than a million citizens, who have left the country and are seeking to become or have become citizens of other states.
	www.rosbaltnews.com /print/print?cn=65237 (328 words)

	GEORGIAN PARLIAMENTARY DIRECTORY
		A total of 32 parties and blocs contested 223 seats (12 members of parliament from the province of Abkhazia elected in 1992 before the onset of the war in the province were excused by the outgoing parliament from having to stand again).
		As regards Abkhazia, the party attaches major significance to the enhancement of the role of the United Nations and leading Western countries in the settlement process.
		The Revival of Georgia election bloc was formed in July 1999 on the basis of the Union of Georgia’s Democratic Revival, a party founded and chaired by Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria Aslan Abashidze.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/election/georgia/greps1129.html (1991 words)

	One Russian sector that keeps on growing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		And like Paul Castle, general director of SAS Institute – the company that boasts those figures and specializes in data warehousing and electronic intelligence – most players in that field know that, with the Russian IT revolution only in its early stages, this might only be the beginning.
		In the district along the Inguri river – which marks the administrative border between the breakaway republic of Abkhazia and Georgia – kidnappings, banditry and landmine explosions are a frequent occurrence.
		Russian military officials say that, despite these efforts, several thousand mines are still buried in Abkhazia, and it is these mines that the rebels are using.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_3009_4339_news.htm (1662 words)

	Russia and the Caspian: The New Middle East. Part II in a series
		Abkhazia, on the other hand, is a nasty mess.
		Abkhazia split off from Georgia in a 1992-1993 war - and fighting flared up again last May. Abkhazia is under the CIS (read: Russian) military umbrella.
		And UN observers in Abkhazia have noted that authorities have systematically conducted "ethnic cleansing" against ethnic Georgians.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/russian_politics/15485/4 (531 words)

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