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Topic: Revolt of the Earls

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	EARLS OF WESTMORLAND - LoveToKnow Article on EARLS OF WESTMORLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ralph Neville, 4th Baron Neville of Raby, and 1st earl of Westmorland (1364-1425), eldest son of John, 3rd Baton Neville, and his wife Maud Percy (see NEVILLE, Family), was knighted by Thomas of Woodstock, afterwards duke of Gloucester, during the French expedition of 1380, and succeeded to his fathers barony in 1388.
		The earl died on the 21st of October 1425, and a fine alabaster tomb was erected to his memory in Staindrop church close by Raby Castle.
		Charles, 6th earl (1543-1601), eldest son of the 5th earl by his first wife Jane, daughter of Thomas Manners, 1st earl of Rutland, was brought up a Roman Catholic, and was further attached to the Catholic party by his marriage with Jane, daughter of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WE/WESTMORLAND_EARLS_OF.htm (1298 words)

	The Flight Of The Earls.Net - Overview
		Even the designation of the earls’ departure as a ‘flight’ has been contested, though the fact that the earls left in such a hurry that the earl of Tyrone’s young son, Con, was left behind, while the earl of Tyrconnell departed without his pregnant young wife, should dispel lingering doubts in this regard.
		Why the northern earls took flight has also been a matter of considerable debate, leading to accusations by hostile commentators that the earls were up to their necks in treason while their apologists portray them as offended innocents, badgered into departing their homeland in fear of their lives.
		The revolt having been launched by Sir Phelim O’Neill, it was to be his illustrious expatriate kinsman, Owen Roe O’Neill who was to become the figurehead of the confederate Irish forces.
	www.theflightoftheearls.net /overview.html (1131 words)

	Stephen and Matilda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In December 1140 Ranulf, Earl of Chester, angry that he had not been granted Carlisle and land in the north-west after the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of the Standard, seized Lincoln castle.
		The earl raised a an army to attack the king and on February 2nd 1141, in one of the few battles of the civil war, Stephen was defeated and captured.
		In autumn 1143 Stephen faced a revolt by the Earls of Essex and Chester, and by 1144 anarchy was at its height.
	www.mondes-normands.caen.fr /angleterre/histoires/8/histoireNorm8_2.htm (305 words)

	Britannia History: The Revolt of the Earls
		It was Earl Roger and Earl Ralph who were the authors of that plot; and who enticed the Britons to them, and sent eastward to Denmark after a fleet to assist them.
		Earl Roger of Hereford was English on his mother's side and born in Hereford.
		Of the Earls: Ralf made it to his Breton holdings to be joined by his wife, and there he continued his fight against the Normans.
	www.britannia.com /history/articles/earls.html (985 words)

	EARLS AND DUKES OF ALBEMARLE - LoveToKnow Article on EARLS AND DUKES OF ALBEMARLE
		Soon after the death of Baldwin (October 13, 1213), William de Fortibus, Hawise's son by her second husband, was established by King John in the territories of the countship of Albemarle, and in 1215 the whole of his mother's estates were formally confirmed to him.
		He remained in England, however, and in 1223 was once more in revolt with Falkes de Breaute, the earl of Chester and other turbulent spirits.
		The motive for choosing this title was probably that, apart from its dignified traditions, it avoided the difficulty created by the fact that the Keppels had as yet no territorial possessions in the British Islands.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALBEMARLE_EARLS_AND_DUKES_OF.htm (1144 words)

	Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland - Chapter 1 - Earldom and Earls of Mar - Section V
		The Earl immediately recovered possession of the lands still in the hands of the Crown, but many years elapsed ere the other lands of the Earldom of Mar could be recovered, and large portions of them were never recovered.
		This Earl was a man of great energy and ability; and he made determined and prolonged efforts to recover the lands of the Earldom.
		The Earl of Arran was immediately seized and imprisoned, and the Duke of Lennox was warned to leave the country without delay.
	www.electricscotland.com /WEBCLANS/earldoms/chapter1s5.htm (1454 words)

	GENUKI: Earls of Great Britain (A-M)
		He was the last peer of the Pitt family, whose title with him became extinct, and with it the annual pension of £4000, besides another pension of £3000 per annum, granted to his father for three lives, in 1761.
		husband of Mary, queen of Scots, was the son of Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, and grandson of Margaret, queen of James IV.
		On the death of Canute, the Earl sided with Hardicanute against Harold, but afterwards he espoused the cause of the latter.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/earla-m.html (2384 words)

	The de Clares, earls of Hertford - Genealogy on Pat Patterson's Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		About the latter part of 1174 the earl led his army into Munster, against Donald of Limerick, and met with the great disaster that forced him back to Waterford, where he was closely besieged by the Irish, while Roderic O'Connor advanced to the very walls of Dublin.
		It was probably in 1175 that Earl Richard was called upon to relieve Hugh de Lacy's newly built castle of Trim.
		After Ravmond's arrival the earl was buried in the church of the Holy Trinity, where his tomb is still shown.
	genealogy.patp.us /clare.shm (4348 words)

	Eustace Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The revolt of James, third Viscount Baltinglass, was prompted by extreme dissatisfaction with the government's policies.
		This revolt was more dangerous as it had a religious aspect, a fact that was noted by Captain John Zouche in a letter to Walsingharn.
		Following the revolt's failure, testimony was taken from a series of individuals by a government which suspected him of complicity with the insurgents.
	www.eustacefamily.com /battleglen.html (9957 words)

	The Magna Carta 1215
		And if any of the said assizes cannot be taken on the day of the county court, let there remain of the knights and freeholders, who were present at the county court on that day, as many as may be required for the efficient making of judgments, according as the business be more or less.
		Earls and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offense.
		A clerk shall not be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid; further, he shall not be amerced in accordance with the extent of his ecclesiastical benefice.
	www.constitution.org /eng/magnacar.htm (1800 words)

	1066 and Afterwards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He confirmed Edwin and Morcar in their titles as Earl of Northumbria and Earl of Mercia, gave land to his followers only from the estates of those Saxon nobles who had fallen at Hastings, and confirmed all other traditional owners in their possessions.
		Earl Roger was present at the wedding, together with earl Waltheof and bishops and abbots, and they plotted to depose the king from the realm of England."
		Earl Roger and Earl Ralph were the principals in the foolish plot, and they won over the Bretons to their side, and sent east to Denmark for a pirate host to support them." Surprisingly, the English seem to have remained loyal to William.
	www.dicksonc.act.edu.au /Showcase/ClioContents/Clio2/1066.html (2141 words)

	Magna Carta @ Gavel2Gavel.com \|\|\| Summary and Full text
		In 1215, king John, faced with the possibility of revolt and civil war, agreed to the demands of his Barons and granted the Magna Carta.
		And if the said assizes cannot all be held on the day of the county court, there shall stay behind as many of the knights and freeholders who were present at the county court on that day as are necessary for the sufficient making of judgments, according to the amount of business to be done.
		Earls and barons shall not be amerced except by their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offence.
	www.re-quest.net /g2g/historical/documents/magna-carta (1773 words)

	What happened?
		Earl Roger started his rebellion in the west, but he was stopped by powerful locals loyal to William.
		William was clearly furious, and punished the Earls severely.
		Roger and Ralf lost all their land, and (some say brutally) Earl Waltheof was beheaded for treason.
	www.normanconquest.co.uk /fenland_1075_2.htm (175 words)

	Conquest & Resistance: 1066 TO 1088
		A further revolt in the west country, that seemed to be aimed at individual Normans, fizzled out in the face of forces drawn from London and the south east and through internal dissent amongst the insurgents.
		The storm broke in 1075 with the 'Revolt of the Earls'.
		The two Earls were both half English and half French, and both had supported William in his claim for the throne in 1066.
	www.britannia.com /history/hastings.html (3102 words)

	Kings Earls and Dukes of Cornwall
		Earl Robert readily embraced this means of keeping a standing army always available, building castles at Trematon and Dunheved, Launceston, to defend his properties against marauders.
		For centuries Launceston was regarded as the capital of Cornwall with succeeding Earls and later Dukes maintaining the castle there to protect their richly endowed lands in the Westcountry.
		He was only a child at the time and could take little interest in his Cornish estates and castles, untenanted by any earl since the death of the great builder Edmund thirty years before, and now crumbling away.
	homepages.tesco.net /~k.wasley/Earls_Dukes.htm (879 words)

	The Flight of the Earls - Irish Culture
		Even the term, "the Flight of the Earls," conjuring up notions of a precipitate, tragic, perilous escapade tinged with romance and despair, has been the subject of dispute, with some commentators questioning the historical accuracy of terming the departure of the northern earls from Ireland as a 'Flight' at all.
		Protestant settlers in Ulster, fearing for their future in the event of the oft-touted return of the earls to reclaim their lands by force, soon developed a siege mentality, surrounded as they were by a hostile indigenous population.
		Overall, the story of the "Flight of the Earls" is a tale of epic proportions, an enthralling and momentous episode in the history of Ireland that has lost none of its drama and appeal in the passage of time.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art28408.asp (769 words)

	BBC - History - The Conquest and its Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The year 1069 was a turning point in the Norman Conquest, for the treachery of the Earls seems to have snapped William's patience.
		Waltheof was implicated in the last great revolt of William's reign; the Revolt of the Earls in 1075.
		This was an uprising planned by the Norman Earl Roger of Hereford and the Breton Ralph de Gael of Norfolk, who were once again dissatisfied with the encroachments of the sheriffs on their traditional prerogatives.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/normans/after_10.shtml (345 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ireland
		O'Neill, renouncing the inheritance of his ancestors, became Earl of Tyrone; Burke became Earl of Clanrickard, O'Brien Earl of Thomond, Fitzpatrick Lord of Ossory; the Earl of Desmond and the other Anglo-Irish nobles were pardoned all their offences, and at a Parliament in Dublin (1541) Anglo-Irish and Irish attended.
		The Earl of Tyrone and the Early of Tyroconnell (Rory O'Donnell) was so spied upon and worried by false charges of disloyalty that they fled the country, believing that their lives were in danger; and to all their pleas for justice the king's response was to slander their characters and confiscate their lands.
		Their acquittal was the signal for revolt, and James, deserted by all classes, fled to France leaving the English throne to William of Orange, whom the Protestants invited from Holland.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08098b.htm (18252 words)

	The Northern Rebellion 1569
		The aim of this movement was to re-establish the religion of their ancestors, to remove Evil Counsellors, to release the Scottish Queen from her unjust imprisonment, and to restore the Duke of Norfolk and other peers to their liberty and to the Queen 's favor.
		The first meetings of the conspirators were held at the Earl of Northumberland 's seat near Topcliffe, whence the two Earls published a manifesto in which they declared that they intended to attempt nothing against the Queen to whom they avowed unshaken allegiance but that their only object was as just stated:
		Richard Norton was at Topcliffe - one of the residences of the Earl of Northumberland, when the Earl, acting under fear of immediate arrest, left that place in company with Norton and joined the Earl of Westmoreland at Brancepeth.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Documents/NorthernRebellion.htm (1967 words)

	[No title]
		Edwin and Morcar, the great earls of north and middle England, heads of the house that was the rival of Harold's, who seem to have been willing to see him and his power destroyed, had now come in, having learned the result of the battle.
		If the earls had not abandoned London, this was still the best position, cutting them off from their own country and the city from the region whence reinforcements must come if they came at all.
		One of the earliest to be made an earl was his old friend and the son of his guardian, William Fitz Osbern, who had been created Earl of Hereford; he was now dead and was succeeded by his son Roger, soon very justly to lose title and land.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext05/7heng10.txt (19474 words)

	Ireland Now Restored Irish Castles
		Following the failure of the Revolt of the Earls, in 1619 the plantation of Ely O Carroll took place.
		It was to remain with the FitzGeralds until the rebellion of "Silken Thomas", the tenth Earl of Kildare, in 1534.
		Lismore was considerably involved in the Cromwellian wars and, in 1645, a force of Catholic confederacy commanded by Lord Castlehaven sacked the town and Castle.
	www.ireland-now.com /restored_l.html (1446 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Indeed, he was milder.He left three earls in place, Edwin, Morcar, and Waltheof, and used the established power of the English monarchy to assert his authority in those parts of the country -- most of it north of London -- not actually under Norman occupation.
		The great northern revolts of 1069 and 1070, which are recorded in some detail in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, were the most serious challenge that the Conqueror faced in England.
		His earls, except in border regions, were much less powerful than their Anglo-Saxon predecessors.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/norman.html (1555 words)

	Did the nobility grow in both number and power between the years of 1066-1348
		During the early medieval period the earls were considered to be the highest rank of the king’s nobles, however ‘the title of earl appears to have been primarily a means of conferring social pre-eminence,’
		The nobles’ revolt shows how powerful they could become however it also shows how disunited they were as a class as some remained loyal to the crown.
		It must therefore be concluded that between the years of 1066 and 1348 the lesser nobility did not grow in power as it was diffused throughout the growing numbers, however the greater nobles gained both loyalty and wealth from their vassals which increased their power and influence greatly.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/jsb16/nobility1.htm (1310 words)

	Unit 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Earl of Sussex was to impose this just as he had previously imposed Catholicism; as a result many Irish-Catholics experienced harsh persecution.
		The Flight of the Earls was a time in Irish history when Hugh O’Neill and Rory O’Donnell, the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell respectively, departed from Rathmullan in Ireland with the intention of going to Spain.
		Consequently, the Earls were banished from Ireland and lost all of their land.
	www.unc.edu /gform-links/courses/2004fall/engl/011/067/Unit2_summaries.html (7805 words)

	New Page 1
		Then, in 1160, there was the so-called "revolt of the earls" against David's successor, his grandson Malcolm IV (1153-65), at Perth, in which Fergus, Lord of Galloway (d.
		Since there is no earl of Ross on the record until Malcolm MacHeth himself, and since the earl Aed of the early charters cannot firmly be linked with any particular earldom, it seems most unlikely that the province of Ross was in existence in the early twelfth century.
		It is well-known that Earl Harald was related by blood to the MacHeths: sometime after 1168, Earl Harald put away his wife, the daughter of Earl Duncan of Fife, and married instead the daughter of Malcolm MacHeth.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/ARTICLES/mcdonald.htm (12131 words)

	The Flight Of The Earls.Net - O'Doherty
		By July 1608, the rebellion had ended as suddenly as it had begun with O’Doherty’s death during a skirmish at Kilmacrenan in Co.Donegal.
		A relatively small-scale revolt by the standard of the Nine Years War.
		The relatively minimalist plantation plans which had been agreed in the wake of the Flight of the Earls were abandoned in favour of a much more ambitious project.
	www.theflightoftheearls.net /O'Doherty2.htm (391 words)

	Ancestors of Eugene Ashton ANDREW & Anna Louise HANISH Earl Humphrey De Bohun HEREFORD, VII ANDREW ANGERMUELLER HANISH ...
		Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Constable of England, together with the Marshal, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, declared that their hereditary offices could only be exercised in the King's company.
		Both the Earls had personal grudges against the King, and- much more important- they voiced the resentment felt by a large number of the barons who for the past twenty years had steadily seen the authority of the Crown increased to their own detriment.
		He forced the reluctant Gloucester to admit that the pretensions of the lord of Glamorgan to be the overlord of the bishop of Llandaff and the guardian of the temporalities of the see during a vacancy were usurpations.
	www.geneal.net /898.htm (2858 words)

	The reign of Elizabeth
		The outraged Scottish nobility rose again, defeated Mary and Bothwell in battle and forced her to abdicate in favor of her infant son, James VI.
		In 1569, the earls of Westmorland and Northumberland led the Revolt of the Northern Earls, aimed at restoring Catholicism and placing Mary on the throne in place of Elizabeth.
		The view that all Roman Catholics were potential traitors led to a series of measures against them from 1570 onwards: Roman Catholic judges and Justices of the Peace were excluded from power, and it became increasingly dangerous to shelter priests.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/361/361-14.htm (1489 words)

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