Revolution in monopoly theory

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	Lovejoy, "Glorious Revolution in America" (1972)
		Pre-Glorious Revolution economic problems: Elite merchants and landowners established an economic monopoly; Albany monopoly in furs (104)
		The Glorious Revolution is a major event, the climax to the political, social, and economic tensions and dislocations endemic in late seventeenth-century American society....
		Although the Glorious Revolution "liberalized the English constitution and permitted Parliament to clip the wings of the Crown,...
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/lovejoy.html (6882 words)

	Illuminations: Kellner
		Engels claimed that: "The industrial revolution is of the same importance for England as the political revolution for France, and the philosophical revolution for Germany; and the difference between England in 1760 and in 1844 is at least as great as that between France under the ancien regime and during the revolution of July.
		The mode of historical, systematic analysis of modern societies developed by Marx and Engels provides the model for classical social theory and the enduring contributions of the Marxian theory consist in its mode of historical and social analysis and its insights into the structures, conflicts, and potentials of modern societies.
		Engels' humanism is also striking and indeed a sharp focus of both the early Marx and Engels is their critique of capitalist modernity for what it did to human beings, for its demoralizing, dehumanizing, and oppressive aspects.
	www.uta.edu /huma/illuminations/kell21.htm (4997 words)

	Stalinism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "Stalinism" is sometimes used to denote the brand of communist theory that dominated the Soviet Union and the countries within the Soviet sphere of influence during and after the leadership of Joseph Stalin by anti-communists and trotskyists.
		Stalinism could not have existed without the overturning of Russia's prior regime by the October Revolution, but it is notable that Joseph Stalin himself played a minor role in the October Revolution.
		The main contributions of Stalin to communist theory were:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stalinism (2566 words)

	In Remembrance of Paul M. Sweezy
		Paul Baran’s The Political Economy of Growth was path breaking in the sense that with this publication the dependency theory came to the forefront establishing Monthly Review’s role as the great supporter of the revolutions in the third world countries.
		Sweezy had his academic training in classical and neo-classical economics and he admitted that he had to struggle hard to reach the Marxian theory of labour brushing aside the theory of marginal utility.
		Sweezy and Huberman discerned this crucial fact in the aftermath of the revolution that in order to sustain itself, Cuba must inevitably move on to the path of socialism.
	www.peoplesmarch.com /archives/2004/june2k4/sweezy.htm (2794 words)

	v.i. lenin - PJnet BBS
		Lenin’s theory of a Socialist world revolution was a direct threat to the aims of Wilson’s political world-view, which through his model of the League of Nations and his “Fourteen Points” address, intended to make the world safer for the growth of world capitalism.
		Lenin was able to start on the path toward the destruction of monopoly capitalism and Socialist world revolution by using the historical example of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia.
		Lenin was a socialist dictator that used his communist red army, led by Trotsky, and a minority group to force out the democratic government that had taken over in the first Russian revolution.
	bbs.pearl-jam.net /showthread.php?t=8454 (1201 words)

	The Global Revolution in the Social Sciences:
		To understand what is a state - and conversely, when a state is not a state - I return to Weber’s definition quoted above, which centres on the monopoly of legitimate violence in a given territory.
		Before 1945, state leaders (and others) often acted as if Weber’s definition was true and they did in fact hold a monopoly of legitimate violence.
		The nexus of the Western state with the UN as a legitimating institution is manifestly fragile.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/hafa3/stategzn.htm (1201 words)

	gramsci_syllabus
		Gramsci’s theory of hegemony leads not only to a novel theory of revolution but a specific notion of socialism, as the tendential withering away of the "state" as repressive apparatus and its replacement by the flowering of civil society (pp.253, 258-9, 261-4).
		Gramsci’s periodizes capitalism using political rather than conventional economic criteria (anarchic vs. organized, competitive vs. monopoly, etc.) The novel feature of advanced capitalism is based on the emergence of civil society which incorporates and domesticates challenges to capitalism (p.243).
		It was Lenin who first used the concept of hegemony systematically (in relation to the leading role of the working class vis-à-vis the peasantry), who thematized the role of the vanguard party, who theorized two stages of capitalism (competitive and monopoly capitalism), and who recognized the interests in imperialism of Western labor aristocracies.
	sociology.berkeley.edu /faculty/BURAWOY/syllabus/gramsci_syllabus.html (5165 words)

	BRITISH AMERICAN COLONIES ON EVE OF REVOLUTION
		C. British Revolutions (1642-89) B> Dominance of PARLIAMENT
		a Theory: Mother Country has MONOPOLY; Colonies cannot trade w/ others
		dominated gov=t in almost every colony B controlled governor=s salary
	www.harding.edu /USER/jmfortner/WWW/HIST101HO5BritColEveRevolWord.htm (270 words)

	Trotskyist ideologist of state capitalism - www.communistvoice.org
		His theory of the "commodity-socialist system" led him to believe that only representatives of rich peasants (kulaks) or other private capitalists could usher in the degeneration of the revolution, while the champions of the state sector were bound, whatever their errors, to defend socialism.
		Preobrazhensky stressed, in the introduction and elsewhere, that he was not dealing with particular policy decisions or government actions, but with obtaining a theoretical picture of the general nature of transitional economies in general and the Soviet economy in particular.
		Preobrazhensky however not only claimed that it was absurd to imagine that differential rent could exist in the countryside, but he also denounced the idea that land rent existed when a state enterprise paid some level of government for the land it uses.
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/17cPreo1.html (270 words)

	Romanticism On the Net 15 (August 1999)
		This move eliminates the social suffering of slave populations as a competitive threat to the monopoly of suffering envisaged for the white labourer, a monopoly central to the theory of English radical intellectuals.
		This raises two questions: the first is the extent to which Cobbett was capable of distancing himself from the Loyalist propaganda generated by the San Domingo revolution, and the second is the extent to which Cobbett was, at any point, capable of ideological development over the issue of slavery.
		Cobbett begins an 1804 harangue on Wilberforce's latest bill to abolish the slave trade by stating that the British public are sick of the whole debate and that 'not a few of them would consent to be deprived of the power of hearing' rather than be subjected to hearing more about it.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~scat0385/thelwall.html (8019 words)

	Monopoly Capital
		Contrary to theories of the "managerial revolution," senior management is kept firmly subordinated, through informal social ties and the corporate socialization process, to the goals of the owners.
		The phrase, 'ruling class,' thus contains the theory that an economic class rules politically.
		Power Elite theory, despite a superficial resemblance to some right-wing conspiracy theories, has key differences from them.
	mutualist.org /id10.html (8019 words)

	Communism Is The Material Human Community: Amadeo Bordiga Today
		From Lenin and Bukharin via Baren and Sweezy to Bettleheim and Amin to Pol Pot (recognizing tremendous discontinuity and degeneration but also continuity) the 'monopoly capital" theory is the theory of state bureaucrats.
		It argues that what is disappearing today is the long statist detour in working-class emancipation, which was actually much more about a substitute bourgeois revolution for the industrialization of backward societies than about socialism or communism.
		In 1970, in the midst of Stalinist, Maoist and Third World euphoria over peasant-bureaucratic revolutions, it was right and revolutionary to look to the Western working class as the only class that could actually end class society.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/2379/gold62.htm (8019 words)

	Friedrich A. Hayek (1899-1992)
		The planned society envisioned under socialism was supposed to be not only as efficient as capitalism (especially in view of the chaos capitalism was said to generate with its business cycles and monopoly power), but socialism, with its promise of social justice, was expected to be fairer.
		His lectures there were published in a second book on the "Austrian Theory of the Trade Cycle," Prices and Production (1931), which was cited by the Nobel Prize Committee in 1974.
		The Counter-Revolution, perhaps Hayek's best book, provides a detailed intellectual history of "rational constructivism" and the problems of "scientism" in the social sciences.
	www.self-gov.org /freeman/920800.htm (8019 words)

	LEGAL PRACTITIONERS ADMISSION BOARD
		It followed from Kelsen's theory that if those with the substantial monopoly of organised force adopted a new grundnorm or were replaced through revolution or war by a new group of officials with a new grundnorm, the validity of law within that community would then be decidable by reference to the new grundnorm.
		Kelsen thus identified the grundnorm in any particular society by reference to that assumption applied by the key legal officials having the substantial monopoly on the use of organised force within that society.
		2. Kelsen argued that the validity of the norms or laws within a legal system was derived from a grundnorm which represented the highest or basic assumption made by any judge or lawyer within that legal system about what would count as law.
	www.law.usyd.edu.au /~library/lawx/marex97/juris_c197.htm (8019 words)

	Neo-British Empire of the Crown - 500 Year Chronology
		The Vatican sees the world depression as its chance to smash the hated British monopoly capitalism and its usurous "Jewish Financiers." The Catholic Church embarks upon a project of rebuilding the "continental" powers under the banner of fascism, what it sees as a modernised format for feudalism.
		Britain refuses to abandon its main weapon, "world revolution", conducted under the color of liberty, in its war with its major competing "international power organism" the Vatican's Catholic Church (and to a lesser extent, the Czar's Orthodox Church).
		The British Empire (NBE or Neo-British Empire since World War II) constitutes a world supra-organism which includes many organisms and sub-organisms that are manipulated on multiple political, spiritual/psychological, military, economic, and scientific levels.
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /update03.htm (5059 words)

	SiteMorse automated website testing
		It was invented in 1995 by Brendan Eich, a newly arrived employee at Netscape – which, of course, had the commercial monopoly on browsers at that stage of the internet revolution.
		The culprit in all these cases is a language called ‘Javascript’, which, in theory, extends web browsing to make it possible to do much more with a web page than HTML ever could.
		When Brendan Eich invented Javascript, he unwittingly opened a computerised Pandora’s box that allows sites to control your desktop.
	www.business2www.com /news_article.html?news_start=0&news_current=1028&news_all=None (5059 words)

	Marxist theory on democracy and socialism
		The most concrete facts referred to by Anita--such as that the bourgeoisie is now the ruling class in both the Mexican city and countryside, industry and agriculture, as opposed to semi-feudal landlords--speak against her comparison of the present situation to the democratic revolution of 1905 in Russia.
		The crumbling of the PRI's political monopoly is one of the important crises that will take place during this period.
		She presents the real liberal bourgeoisie as being worthy of support, so that she can only oppose the liberals today or even the PRI by saying that they are not the liberal bourgeoisie as of old.
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/13cMexicoTheory.html (14242 words)

	[L-I] Serbia a "typical postcommunist state"
		As far as I know this truly fantastical theory is backed up only by internet characters such as Louis and Jared - no revolutionary organisations, or leading anti-imperialist intellectuals such as Chomsky, or real activists in the real world share it to my knowledge.
		Serbia had a multiparty system, but with elections that were "free but unfair", because of the influence of Milosevic's monopoly control of state television.
		Serbia's revolution was prompted by special factors, in particular 10 years of pointless and lost wars.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/leninist-international/2000-November/008730.html (1148 words)

	Lenin in context (by L. Proyect)
		It is our understanding that we must leave behind old vices, sectarian positions of all kinds and the positions of those who believe they have a monopoly on the revolution or on revolutionary theory.
		Professional revolutionaries were needed at the core of the party to keep the apparatus functioning in case of police crack-downs.
		In his view, "professional revolutionaries" are the key to the success of Russian social democracy.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/organization/lenin_in_context.htm (1148 words)

	International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organis
		The Conference affirms that the general crisis of capitalism, which began with the monopoly capitalist era, is deepening; the conditions of life and work are deteriorating; the fundamental contradictions of the system are sharpening; the factors for a multidimensional crisis are accumulating and also affect the advanced capitalist countries, confirming the Leninist theory of imperialism.
		Among others things it analysed the international political situation, emphasising those factors which will promote a tactical link between us and the masses, to win their political leadership and strengthen the perspectives of the revolution; to affirm the struggle to put an end to capitalist domination and the establishment of socialism in the world.
		Under these conditions the social bases for the revolutionary and popular struggle are broadening and we the Marxist-Leninists parties should take advantage of this, placing a great emphasis on accompanying and leading the masses in the struggle against imperialist aggression.
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv10n1/icmlpo.htm (1148 words)

	laissez faire - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about laissez faire
		Theory that the state should not intervene in economic affairs, except to break up a monopoly.
		This reaction was inspired partly by humanitarian protests against the social conditions created by the Industrial Revolution and partly by the wish to counter popular unrest of the 1830s and 1840s by removing some of its causes.
		The reaction against laissez faire began in the mid-19th century and found expression in the factory acts and elsewhere.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Laissez+Faire (327 words)

	protest
		Wherever governmental policy, economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly restrict self-expression in theory, in practice or in appearance, grumbles or interior opposition may spill over into other areas such as culture, the streets or emigration.
		Unaddressed protest may grow and foster dissent, activism, riots, insurgency, revolts, and political and/or social revolution, as in:
		Protest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations: sometimes in favour, more often opposed.
	www.fact-library.com /protest.html (197 words)

	capitalism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Capitalism has existed in a limited form in the economies of all civilizations, but its modern importance dates at least from the Industrial Revolution that began in the 18th cent., when bankers, merchants, and industrialists—the bourgeoisie—began to displace landowners in political, economic, and social importance, particularly in Great Britain.
		Capitalism stresses freedom of individual economic enterprise; however, government action has been and is required to curb its abuses, which have ranged from slavery (particularly in Britain and the United States) and apartheid (in South Africa) to monopoly cartels and financial fraud.
		These principles were most notably articulated in Adam Smith& treatise, The Wealth of Nations (1776), in which he opposed the prevailing theory of mercantilism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/capitali.html (463 words)

	Feb 12 -- Ben Seattle -- Re: On the coming revolution in communications (Reply to Mark Jones)
		Discussion of how a correct and powerful theory of workers' rule in the modern world guarantees workers the right to listen to and voice political views of their own choosing.
		It's monopoly of power will not be able to survive in such an environment.
		As the internet grows in China the ruling party there will likely be swept off of its feet.
	www.leninism.org /stream/99/m/0212-bensea.asp (2131 words)

	The collapse of 'communism' in the USSR
		Stalin's "theory" that socialism could be built in one country — the USSR — without revolutions abroad, became the ideological justification for making "defence of the Soviet Union" (as interpreted by the Kremlin) the number one task of the Communist parties.
		The construction of socialism depends fundamentally on the increasing involvement of working people themselves in the administration of all aspects of social life, on the deepening of their socialist consciousness, and on advances in the world revolution.
		One of the first political symptoms of the bureaucratisation of the Communist Party was the proposal raised by Bukharin and supported by Stalin in late 1922 to abolish the state monopoly of foreign trade.
	www.dsp.org.au /dsp/Collapse/index.htm (2131 words)

	Michel Pablo: Yugoslavia and Permanent Revolution (1950)
		We come across it again as the basis of the theory of the “peoples’ democracy” as it was set forth by the leaders of the USSR and the Communist Parties until their switch in December 1948 when they began to identify “peoples’ democracy” with dictatorship of the proletariat.
		Throughout the country, the leaders conduct themselves as aristocrats “strangling even the economic development of the people.” This monopoly by the leaders leads to the exploitation and subjugation of the Soviet masses.
		Thanks to the size and wealth of its territory, the USSR was able to permit itself an autarchic experiment, naturally to the greatest detriment of the standard of living of the great mass of the population.
	www.marxists.org /archive/pablo/1950/01/yugoslavia.htm (2911 words)

	Monthly Review January 2002 John Bellamy Foster
		Michal Kalecki, Essays in the Theory of Economic Fluctuations (London: Allen and Unwin, 1939), p.
		Kalecki’s work in the early 1930s in Polish had developed, according to Joan Robinson and others in the circle of younger economists around Keynes, the main elements of the “Keynesian” revolution, in anticipation of Keynes himself.
		Kalecki moved to England in the mid-1930s where he helped further the transformation in economic analysis associated with Keynes.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0102jbf.htm (2911 words)

	Manuel, Peter: Cassette Culture
		Cassette Culture is the first scholarly account of Indian popular music and the first case study of a technological revolution now occurring throughout the world.
		The advent of cassette technology in the 1980s transformed India's popular music industry from the virtual monopoly of a single multinational LP manufacturer to a free-for-all among hundreds of local cassette producers.
		It will be an essential resource for anyone interested in modern India, communications theory, world popular music, or contemporary global culture.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/7991.ctl (345 words)

	protest
		Wherever governmental policy, economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly restrict self-expression in theory, in practice or in appearance, grumbles or interior opposition may spill over into other areas such as culture, the streets or emigration.
		North America in the 1770s (see American Revolution)
		Note: In American English the verb "protest" often acts transitively: The students protested the policy.
	www.fact-library.com /protest.html (197 words)

	Carl Menger
		The way Menger set out to explain his theory of price was also interesting: he began with pure exchange between individuals, then under conditions of monopoly, then oligopoly before finally formulating the case under pure competition.
		Carl Menger has been hailed as one of the three leaders of the "Marginalist Revolution" of the 1870s, along with William Stanley Jevons and Léon Walras.
		Menger's engagement with the German Historicists and his secluded life at the University of Vienna kept him out of the confrontation with the Classical economists and the construction of the new economics that Jevons and Walras were avidly pursuing.
	cepa.newschool.edu /~het/profiles/menger.htm (887 words)

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