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	Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of revolutions which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the Revolution of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe.
		The result was a wave of revolution sweeping across Europe and raising hopes of liberal reform as far away as India during 1848, where the rhetoric surrounding the Sepoy Rebellion took many cues from European events, as did its thorough repression.
		Elsewhere in the United Kingdom, revolution was far from the minds of those in Ireland, struggling and dying through the Potato Famine (the exception being William Smith O'Brien's debacle in County Tipperary).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolutions_of_1848 (606 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Revolutions of 1848, series of violent uprisings in European countries where legal attempts at economic and political change had proven unsuccessful....
		The Revolution of 1848 in Central Europe marked the awakening of various peoples to national consciousness.
		From 1815 to 1848 the course of the Austrian Empire, directed by Metternich, was essentially dedicated to preserving the status quo.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Revolutions_of_1848.html (161 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From 1848 to 1852, Europe was convulsed by a series of Revolutions which all ultimately failed by 1852 with the restoration of either dictatorship or the reestablishment of conservative rule.
		The revolutions started in a part of Italy in 1848, but the real spark was in France in 1848.
		This increased nationalism in March of 1848 led to riots and the ousting of Prince Klemens von Metternich and Ferdinand I, the Hapsburg Emperor.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848essy.html (332 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848: Essay by Mike White
		he Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political and economic revolts that took place in Europe because of a recession and abuse of political power.
		What sparked these revolutions was the second revolution in France, which drove Louis Philippe from his throne and brought in a provisional government dedicated to a democratic franchise and "national workshops" to reduce unemployment.
		These revolutions all did one thing together; that the people did have the power to overtake the government and establish what they thought as the ideal government that was run by their constitution.
	www.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/rev_of_1848.htm (1142 words)

	Conclusions of the Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ten years after the Revolutions of 1848, little had visibly changed, and many historians consider the revolutions a bloody failure.
		But in 1848, the revolutionaries were idealistic and divided by the multiplicity of aims for which they fought -- social, economic, liberal, and national.
		Germany was unified under the iron hand of Bismarck in 1871 after her 1870 war with France; Italy was unified in 1861 as the United States was split into two nations and exploding into internecine civil war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conclusions_of_the_Revolutions_of_1848 (611 words)

	1848 Timeline
		March, 1848: 600 delegates meet in Frankfurt in a preparliamentary assembly and called for a universal manhood suffrage electio to form a national assembly to govern a unified Germany.
		November, 1848: Appointed Prime Minister of the Papal States Pelligrino Rossi is assassinated and the pope flees to Genoa.
		New revolutions arise in the Rhineland, Saxony, and Bavaria.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/1848time.html (759 words)

	The Revolution of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		France's population increased from 27,000,000 in 1801 to 35,000,000 in 1846; Germany's, from 24,800,000 in 1816 to 34,400,000 in 1848.
		The greatest achievement of the Revolution of 1848 was to have emancipated the slaves and to have replaced mercantilist colonialism with a policy of assimilation.
		Faidherbe's Senegal was an achievement of the Revolution of 1848, and the ideal of the revolution was perpetuated there under the Empire, as it was in the Antilles and in Reunion.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/rev1848.html (2169 words)

	revolutions of 1848 on Encyclopedia.com
		REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 [revolutions of 1848] in European history.
		In the German states, popular demonstrations and uprisings (Feb.-Mar., 1848) led to the dismissal of unpopular ministers and the calling of a national parliament (see Frankfurt Parliament) to draft a constitution for a united Germany.
		The revolutions of 1848 failed notably because three kinds of demands—social and economic, liberal, and national—were not easily reconciled.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r1/revol1848.asp (1002 words)

	European Revolutions, 1848-1851 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sperber’s book is an analysis of the European revolutions of 1848, not as a failed revolutionary movement of the 19th century, but the beginnings of a mass political movement throughout Europe.
		The revolutions of 1848, as he illustrates, were a combination of social and political conflict.
		Sperber’s work is an important contribution not only to the mass of research and analysis of the revolutions of 1848 but for its efforts to look beyond the popularly accepted readings of an event.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /kelly/_5346sp01/0000000c.htm (295 words)

	1848.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The revolts of 1848 were not triggered by one group or incident, but arose out of similarly bad conditions in all the European countries: severe food shortage, a commercial and industrial recession, and widespread unemployment.
		As a result, the revolutions of 1848 were generally failures, and did not succeed in establishing any genuinely liberal or national states.
		More importantly, after 1848, the middle classes largely ceased to be revolutionary, as they became increasingly concerned about the protection of their property against radical social and political movements.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/1848.html (2049 words)

	war and social upheaval: revolutions of 1848 - 1849
		The European rRevolutions of 1848 were a series of revolts caused by a heady mixture of rising nationalism mixed with the economic change resulting from the Industrial Revolution and political and social represson.
		The revolutions were led by a varying mixture of the middle class, workers, university students, ethnic groups, and others agitating for change.
		Bismarck played little role in the 1848 disorders, but his his steadfast support of the monarchy during the crisis and his reputation as a conservative politican was to lead to his appointment as chancellor.
	histclo.com /essay/war/rev-1848.html (1926 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1848-1871): The Revolutions of 1848 (1848)
		The revolutions of 1848 were a "turning point in modern history that modern history failed to turn." Every one was an utter failure; though minor reforms emerged in the Germany provinces and in Prussia, the conservative regimes that canvassed Europe remained in power.
		PARGRAPH The year 1848 marked the end of the so-called "concert of Europe" that had been defined after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 as a way to maintain the European balance of power by having the continent's major powers meet to resolve their differences and prevent aggression.
		After 1848, the European powers seemed incapable of united action to maintain the status quo, probably because the revolutions of 1848 weakened the regimes in the eyes of their people.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1871/section1.html (1021 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848.
		While the Revolution of 1848 proved a unilateral failure, the effects of the revolt proved highly influential in the course of late 19th-century and early 20th-century Europe.
		Essay by Hubert Bonin, focusing on the economic causes of the Revolutions of 1848.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9032134 (755 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The revolutions of 1848 did, however, sweep across Europe from Paris in the west to cities throughout Germany and Italy, to Berlin in Prussia, and to Vienna and Prague and Budapest in the Austrian Empire.
		The revolution hardly touched the countryside because the peasants did not participate in the revolution and had their own agenda.
		But in most cases the counter revolutions, which followed in 1849, were quite thorough and undermined most of the revolutionary achievements of 1848.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/revolution1848.html (845 words)

	AllRefer.com - revolutions of 1848 (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		The stage was set when the unrest caused by the economic effects of severe crop failures in 1846–47 merged with the discontent caused by political repression of liberal and nationalist aspirations.
		In the German states, popular demonstrations and uprisings (Feb.–Mar., 1848) led to the dismissal of unpopular ministers and the calling of a national parliament (see Frankfurt Parliament) to draft a constitution for a united Germany.
		The revolutions of 1848 failed notably because three kinds of demands : social and economic, liberal, and national : were not easily reconciled.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/revol1848.html (505 words)

	The European Revolutions, 1848-1851 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From chapter three on (The outbreak of revolution) till chapter five (Polarization and confrontation) Sperber has undertaken a thorough anaylsis of all the possible events that created as well as ended the revolutions.
		Sperber does well in the end by analyzing the postion of the 1848 revolution in comparison to those of 1789 and 1917.
		According to him the 1848 revolution closer to the 1789 had some similarities in terms of moderate, compromise seeking and radical revolutionaries.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /kelly/_5346sp01/00000010.htm (444 words)

	Revolutions Of 1848
		The revolutions of 1848 were not successful in the fact that nothing good came of them, but they were successful in the sense that some changes were made in favor of the revolutionists.
		The first hint of a revolution being near was the period of famine that racked Europe in 1846.
		The goals of the Revolutions of 1848 were not fulfilled to the point where it can be called a turning point.
	www.freeessays.cc /db/21/emr140.shtml (588 words)

	Revolutions of 1848 (History 1225) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Alphonse de Lamartine, History of the French Revolution of 1848 (1849), brief extract on-line.
		Nassau William Senior, Journals kept in France and Italy from 1848 to 1852, with a Sketch of the Revolution of 1848, edited by his daughter, M.C.M. Simpson (1871).
		You may want to look at the bibliography for Axel Koerner's Group Two course on the Revolutions of 1848; it is available on the History Department website (link for Hist2640).
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucrarls/1225/week12.html (404 words)

	revolutions of 1848
		In France, the catalyst for the revolutions in the rest of Europe, the monarchy was replaced by the Second Republic, with Louis Napoleon as president from 1852.
		The revolution began in France with the overthrow of Louis Philippe and then spread to Italy, the Austrian Empire, and Germany, where the short-lived Frankfurt Parliament put forward ideas about political unity in Germany.
		See also Austria: history to 1920, revolutions of 1848; Hungary: history to 1918, Magyar nationalism and the revolution of 1848–49; Italy: history 1796–1870, the revolutions of 1848–49.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0005597.html (212 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848
		third, the revolutions tended to leave the sources of state power intact, so that the forces of reaction always had a base to retreat back to.
		Revolution already defeated in Milan, Prague by June 1848
		By mid-49, rest of Italian states had also crumbled; final blow dealt to Papl States by French forces under L-N. Piedmont is lonely surviving constitutional state.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /history/241/lectures/12.1848.revs.OH.html (355 words)

	Czech Republic - Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Paris revolution of February 1848 precipitated a succession of liberal and national revolts against autocratic governments.
		In the Kingdom of Hungary, the 1848 revolution temporarily toppled Hapsburg absolutism, and there was an attempt at establishing a liberal constitutional government.
		The revolutions of 1848 also revealed that the German and Hungarian liberals, who were opposed to Hapsburg absolutism, were equally hostile to Czech and Slovak aspirations.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/14.htm (519 words)

	NWSA Journal--The Lid Comes Off: International Radical Feminism and the Revolutions of 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions, scores of feminists in Europe and the United States read the same literature, shared a common discourse and set of expectations, and had woven close personal connections to each other.
		During the revolutionary years of 1848 and '49, personal international contacts like Knight's were rare--they increased greatly when the revolutions failed in France and the Germanies and feminists from those societies went into exile in England and the United States.
		This "year of revolution" has a feminist dimension, which can no longer be left out of accounts of its events, whether on the national or the international level.
	iupjournals.org /nwsa/nws10-2.html (4384 words)

	1848 Revolutions
		To fulfill this dream, a United Parliament was summoned for April 2 and legislation was passed to removing censorship in the press; but this information was held upon the opposition of the Kings brother Prince Wilhelm.
		Wilhelm fell first to a bullet and later died, while Ernst chose to charge the brigade even though he faced a multitude of bullets, he was shot in the stomache before finding a safe place to die.
		Because of their age and circumstance, Ernst and Wilhelm were widely known as heros of the revolution.
	research.umbc.edu /~lmoren/ALMA/1848.HTM (2482 words)

	Italian Revolutions 1846-1848.
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Italian Revolutions 1846-1848.".
		If you sign up you could be reading the rest of this essay in under two minutes.
		In January 1848 there were 61 fatalities during so-called "tobacco riots" in Milan as people demonstrated against taxes imposed by Lombardy's Austrian Authorities.
	www.coursework.info /i/59514.html (338 words)

	Amazon.com: Revolutions of 1848: Books: Priscilla Smith Robertson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		WHEN the year 1848 broke upon Europe, everywhere men were waiting for the death of Louis Philippe, King of the French.
		The story of 1848, as is told in this book, is one of the people recognizing the need for change, but in many cases not being influential enough either in terms of physical power or in terms of political power to affect the change for a long period of time.
		Apparently, revolution rocked Europe from France to Hungary, sparing only Britain (although Robertson focuses on a very minor revolt in Ireland) and Russia (where it was way too oppressive to even think of a revolution).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/069100756X?v=glance (1188 words)

	Women Chartists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Women Chartists By the beginning of 1848 the British Chartist movement had been in existence for a decade.
		The campaign was essentially the continuation of the earlier one which had achieved, in 1832, the first reform bill.
		Well over a hundred separate female Chartist associations are recorded in the decade before 1848.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/womchart.htm (1331 words)

	The Revolution of 1848 in France
		Documents of the Revolution of 1848 in France
		This fact is emphasized by the decrees in the interest of the laboring classes which were issued by the provisional government on the day following its creation.
		In order to recall me from exile, you have elected me a representative of the people; on the eve of choosing a chief magistrate for the republic my name presents itself to you as a symbol of order and security.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/fr1848.htm (1002 words)

	OUP: Revolutions in Europe, 1848-9: Evans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These essays arose out of lectures given in Oxford to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the 1848 revolutions in Europe.
		1848 marked the first breakdown of traditional authority across much of the continent, and as such is of profound significance in the development of modern European politics as a whole.
		The specification in this catalogue, including without limitation price, format, extent, number of illustrations, and month of publication, was as accurate as possible at the time the catalogue was compiled.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-820840-5 (358 words)

	Revolutions of 1848
		What were the common elements of the Revolutions of 1848 in France, Italy, Germany, and the Habsburg Domains?
		What was the response to the economic downturn in France in 1848?
		The Revolutions of 1848 spread to the Austrian Empire and serious challenges came in Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, and Austria.
	www.esuhistoryprof.com /new_page_13.htm (240 words)

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