Overexpression of Rheb in the developing fly causes dramatic overgrowth of multiple tissues: in the wing, this is due to an increase in cell size; in cultured cells, Rheb overexpression results in accumulation of cells in S phase and an increase in cell size.
Rheb is required in the whole organism for viability (growth) and for the growth of individual cells.
Consistent with this interpretation, flies with reduced Rheb activity are hypersensitive to rapamycin, an inhibitor of the growth regulator target of rapamycin (TOR), a kinase required for growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K).
Rheb is unique, compared with many small GTPases, in that it exists in a highly activated state in mammalian cells.
Studies of mammalian Rheb further implicated the existence of a Rheb-GAP that is normally present at relatively limiting concentrations, since overexpression of Rheb results in a progressive increase in the proportion of Rheb in the active GTP-bound state.
Tsc and Rheb could either function as obligatory components between amino acids and TOR in a linear amino-acid sensing pathway, or in a parallel pathway that converges on TOR.
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Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the Ras family of small GTP binding proteins originally found to be rapidly induced by synaptic activity in the hippocampus following seizure.
Rheb GTPase is a direct target of TSC2 GAP activity and regulates mTOR signaling.
Rheb possesses a unique structural feature and is conserved in a number of organisms.
This function of Rheb is mediated by its ability to activate the mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
Urano, J Tabancay, AP Yang, W Tamanoi, F The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rheb G-protein is involved in regulating canavanine resistance and arginine uptake..
Rheb GTPase is a direct target of TSC2 GAP activity and regulates mTOR signaling -- Inoki et al.
Rheb contains an arginine residue (the residue in bold) at the position corresponding to codon 12 of Ras, which has a glycine.
Clark, G.J., Kinch, M.S., Rogers-Graham, K., Sebti, S.M., Hamilton, A.D., and Der, C.J. The Ras-related protein Rheb is farnesylated and antagonizes Ras signaling and transformation.
Rheb Binding to Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Is Regulated by Amino Acid Sufficiency -- Long et al.
Rheb is sensitive to inhibition by rapamycin (Fig.
C, the effect of amino acid withdrawal on Rheb binding to raptor carboxyl-terminal segment 10091335, to LST8, and to the mTOR carboxyl-terminal segment 21482549.
ExactAntigen rheb -- reagents, researchers, and patents(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
(2003) Identification of dominant negative mutants of Rheb GTPase and their use to implicate the involvement of human Rheb in the activation of p70S6K J Biol Chem 278:39921-30.
(1997) The Ras-related protein Rheb is farnesylated and antagonizes Ras signaling and transformation J Biol Chem 272:10608-15.
(2000) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rheb G-protein is involved in regulating canavanine resistance and arginine uptake J Biol Chem 275:11198-206.
Rheb interacts with Raf-1 kinase and may function to integrate growth factor- and protein kinase A-dependent signals
Rheb is a recently described member of the Ras family that was originally
Urano, J., Tabancay, A. P., Yang, W., Tamanoi, F. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rheb G-protein Is Involved in Regulating Canavanine Resistance and Arginine Uptake.
Initially, Rheb was found in brain, but was later found to be ubiquitously expressed.
Genetic studies using fission yeast as well as Drosophila showed that Rheb plays critical roles in cell growth and regulation of cell cycle at the G1/S boundary.
The effect of Rheb on cell growth is mediated by its role in the activation of the TOR/S6K signaling pathway.
These and recent observations from other labs (3, 4) indicate that an essential function of insulin/PI3K signaling is to coordinate cellular metabolism with the availability of dietary protein.
Like the insulin receptor (InR) or PI3K, Rheb is required for cell growth and, when overexpressed, it can drive cell growth and DNA replication in starved larvae.
We have suggested that Rheb may stimulate cell growth and activate TOR by stimulating nutrient import, and will present data pertaining to this issue.
Identification of Dominant Negative Mutants of Rheb GTPase and Their Use to Implicate the Involvement of Human Rheb in the Activation of p70S6K -- Tabancay et al.
Articles by Tamanoi, F. Identification of Dominant Negative Mutants of Rheb GTPase and Their Use to Implicate the Involvement of Human Rheb in the Activation of p70S6K
Rheb GTPases represent a unique family of the Ras superfamily
TSC1/TSC2 and Rheb have different effects on TORC1 and TORC2 activity -- Yang et al., 10.1073/pnas.0602282103 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
brain (Rheb) small GTPase is known to be a key upstream activator
of TORC1, although the mechanism of Rheb in TORC1 activation