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Topic: Rhinorrhea

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	Treatment of the Common Cold with Troxerutin/Zinc
		The total rhinorrhea score over the course of the study was 3.7 ± 0.4 in the active group compared to 5.1 ± 0.5 in the control group (p=0.025, unpaired t test).
		Daily rhinorrhea scores were significantly lower in the active group on study days 1 and 3.
		The rhinorrhea symptom scores were reduced by 25%, 33% and 58% from the baseline in the active group and by 0%, 9% and 34% in the control group on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
	www.asm.org /Media/index.asp?bid=31146 (556 words)

	Nasal Congestion and Rhinorrhea: Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms: Merck Manual ...
		The most common causes of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea are viral and allergic.
		Acute sinusitis is slightly less common, and a nasal foreign body is unusual (and occurs predominantly in children).
		Allergic congestion and rhinorrhea can be treated with antihistamines; in such cases, nonanticholinergic antihistamines provoke fewer adverse effects.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec08/ch089/ch089c.html (311 words)

	ENT Academic Faculty Services: Rhinology & Sinus Surgery - New York Eye & Ear Infirmary
		CSF rhinorrhea is the drainage of the fluid which surrounds the brain into the nose (CSF =cerebral spinal fluid + rhinorrhea = fluid draining from the nose).
		The history should include events associated with the onset of rhinorrhea, such as prior surgery or trauma; the character of the nasal drainage, watery or mucus-like; duration of the rhinorrhea; what makes the rhinorrhea better and worse; potential complications, such as meningitis; and, prior treatment.
		The surgical treatment of CSF rhinorrhea has evolved from purely an external procedure utilizing a craniotomy to visualize the floor of the anterior or middle cranial fossa to a range of intranasal endoscopic, external ethmoidectomy, middle ear and variations of craniotomy approaches.
	www.nyee.edu /ent_rss_sts_csf01.html (1290 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Rhinorrhea is commonly caused by trauma involving the floor of the anterior cranial fossa with tearing of the duramater.
		We report two children with CSF rhinorrhea and recurrent meningitis in whom the diagnosis of transethmoidal meningoencephalocele was made by multislice CT without the use of any contrast.
		With a provisional diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea with recurrent meningitis, a non-contrast multislice spiral CT scan of the paranasal sinuses was performed.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /oct2005/oct-1033-1036.htm (1113 words)

	NONTRAUMATIC (SPONTANEOUS) CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA
		Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a distinct clinical condition requiring surgery to avoid potential complications, such as meningitis, abscess, and spontaneous pneumocephaly.
		However, in the previous five months, the rhinorrhea had been persistent and profuse, and two months prior to this admission, the patient had suffered from meningitis, from which she recovered upon prompt therapy.
		Non-traumatic rhinorrhea from a laterosellar fistula of the temporal fossa adjacent to an empty sella turcica.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/201/99-037.htm (2447 words)

	eMedicine - CSF Rhinorrhea : Article Excerpt by: Joseph M Scianna, MD
		Trauma causes 90% of all cases of CSF rhinorrhea; the incidence in closed head injury is 1-3%.
		In approximately one half of all nontraumatic CSF leaks, increased CSF pressure occurs because of a tumor or hydrocephalus.
		Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea usually manifests in adulthood, coinciding with a developmental rise in CSF pressures with maturity.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/byname/csf-rhinorrhea.htm (668 words)

	SORE THROAT (RHINORRHEA)
		Rhinorrhea and sore throat occurring together indicate a viral upper respiratory tract infection such as the "common cold".
		Rhinorrhea alone is not infective and may be seasonal (hay fever or allergic rhinitis) or chronic (vaso-motor rhinitis).
		Discuss that making a clinical diagnosis of streptococcal tonsillo-pharyngitis is difficult, but excluding the diagnosis is easier in the presence of rhinorrhea, cough, hoarseness, and normal temperature.
	www.mcc.ca /Objectives_online/objectives.pl?lang=english&loc=obj&id=100-E (514 words)

	Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		CSF rhinorrhea is a well-recognized complication of ESS and occurs in 0.5% of cases.
		Likewise, CSF rhinorrhea is a complication of neurootology procedures, occurring in 12% of acoustic neuroma resections.
		The diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea revolves around three principles: determining the fluid is from the nose, determining the fluid is CSF, and localizing the fistula.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/120398.html (5721 words)

	FOURTH VENTRICLE CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMA PRESENTING ONLY WITH RHINORRHEA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trauma is the etiologic factor in 80-90 % of CSF rhinorrhea.
		The remaining small percentage is named as “spontaneous rhinorrhea” although this terminology is questionable since a causative factor is demonstrated in a great majority of these cases (4, 23).
		Rhinorrhea has to be surgically treated if it does not stop spontaneously, with conservative treatment or with diverse approaches (19).
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/1999/NBD01499.html (1493 words)

	FOURTH VENTRICLE CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMA PRESENTING ONLY WITH RHINORRHEA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trauma is the etiologic factor in 80-90 % of CSF rhinorrhea.
		In rhinorrhea cases and in all other CSF fistulas it is essential to localize the point/s of leakage especially if surgery is contemplated.
		Rhinorrhea has to be surgically treated if it does not stop spontaneously, with conservative treatment or with diverse approaches (19).
	med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/1999/NBD01499.html (1493 words)

	rhinorrhea: disease information - signs & symptoms
		Rhinorrhea describe a condition in which cerebrospinal fluid leaks out of the nose.
		Disruptions of the base of the skull, with loss of integrity of the dura, may produce rhinorrhea.
		Rhinorrhea most commonly occurs from disruption of the skull in the anterior fossa.
	www.myelectronicmd.com /get_reference.php?Id=684 (437 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Rhinorrhea
		Rhinorrhea, commonly known as a runny nose, is a symptom of the common cold and allergies (hay fever).
		The term comes from the Greek words "rhinos" meaning "of the nose" and "rhoia" meaning "a flowing." Rhinorrhea can also be a sign of withdrawal, such as from opioids.
		Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea can indicate basilar skull fracture.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Runny_nose (371 words)

	profused rhinorrhea
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	www.freewebtown.com /saha021/profused-rhinorrhea.html (341 words)

	BNI Quarterly Comments
		This scheme was further refined by differentiating between primary spontaneous or idiopathic rhinorrhea and secondary spontaneous rhinorrhea (i.e., rhinorrhea with an underlying etiology such as a tumor or hydrocephalus).
		In patients with facial fractures, the incidence of CSF rhinorrhea is as high as 25%.
		The delayed onset of CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea after head trauma may reflect the resolution of a hematoma, cerebral edema, or both in the region of the fracture.
	www.emergemd.com /bniq/article.asp?article_ref_id=17-4-1 (5179 words)

	A meta
		Among the patients given IB, 61% to 73% assessed the control of rhinorrhea as good or excellent on different study visit days, 43% to 60% similarly rated the control of nasal congestion, and 39% to 43% the control of sneezing.
		The results for BDP were 68% to 78% for the control of rhinorrhea, 55% to 72% for the control of nasal congestion, and 54% to 68% for the control of sneezing.
		Ipratropium bromide was as effective as BDP in the control of rhinorrhea and showed a relatively good effect on congestion.
	www.encolombia.com /atrovent-comparison-of2.htm (358 words)

	Dental Study Club (DSC) Self-Study Courses - Baylor College of Dentistry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rhinorrhea was monitored in the clinic hourly for the first 6 hours on day 1 and hourly for 3 hours on day 2.
		In the ipratropium study, patients had cold symptoms and at least moderate rhinorrhea for £36 hours; therefore, the conclusions of the study are applicable to patients in the rhinorrheal stage of a cold.
		To reduce the sneezing and rhinorrhea associated with the common cold, ipratropium nasal spray can be used, but patients should be told to titrate the number of sprays to prevent excessive nasal drying.
	www.tambcd.edu /cedental/div5sec4.HTM (3029 words)

	Amoxicillin of minimal benefit for purulent rhinorrhea - Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters Journal of Family ...
		No significant difference was noted between groups for duration of general illness or pain, although duration of purulent rhinorrhea was shorter in the amoxicillin group (75% had complete resolution within 9 days) than the placebo group (75% resolved in 14 days; P =.007).
		Although duration of purulent rhinorrhea was reduced with amoxicillin, this effect came at the expense of an increased risk of diarrhea.
		In the absence of signs of complicated sinusitis, patients who present with URTI and purulent rhinorrhea can be treated safely with decongestants and analgesics, and instructed to return if symptoms worsen or persist beyond 10 to 14 days.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_8_51/ai_90464032 (828 words)

	Non Allergic Rhinitis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Exacerbations of rhinitis symptoms with predominant clear rhinorrhea in patients with a known history of allergic rhinitis may prove to be a diagnostic difficulty.
		The rhinorrhea may be isolated, or part of a complex involving hyperplastic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis and asthma.
		Refractory clear rhinorrhea may be due to CSF leak even in the absence of trauma or recent surgery.
	www.jcaai.org /param/rhinitis/complete/non_allergic_rhinitis.htm (3348 words)

	WAO Educational Programs: World Allergy Forum
		As inflammation cannot be identified by ordinary diagnostic procedures, a clinical diagnosis of rhinitis is based on the symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea and nasal blockage.
		When watery rhinorrhea is a problem, nasal use of the anti-cholinergic drug ipratropium bromide can significantly reduce this symptom within 30 minutes.
		When nasal medication is used in a sneezing nose with associated rhinorrhea and blockage it is resonable to assume that the drug may not reach the relevant receptors and that the treatment may have a reduced efficacy.
	www.worldallergy.org /educational_programs/world_allergy_forum/japan/mygind.shtml (2007 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Nerve Agents: Tabun (GA); Sarin (GB); Soman (GD); and VX
		Rhinorrhea and tightness in the throat or chest begin within seconds to minutes after exposure.
		Manifestations of nerve agent exposure include rhinorrhea, chest tightness, pinpoint pupils, shortness of breath, excessive salivation and sweating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, involuntary defecation and urination, muscle twitching, confusion, seizures, flaccid paralysis, coma, respiratory failure, and death.
		Patients exposed to nerve agent vapor who have only miosis and/or mild rhinorrhea when they reach the medical facility do not need to be admitted.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg166.html (4476 words)

	details
		Non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea indirectly caused by remote brain tumor: a case report and review of the literature.
		Here we describe a case of non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea that occurred as the initial symptom of a posterior falx meningioma.
		In addition, based on the period of occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea before or after the tumor operation, we introduced a novel classification for these cases into pre-treatment and post-treatment types.
	cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn /ChinaPaper/details.asp?PubMedID=11516549 (182 words)

	Zyrtec (Cetirizine) drug indications and dosage - prescription drugs and medications at RxList
		Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: ZYRTEC is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to allergens such as ragweed, grass and tree pollens in adults and children 2 years of age and older.
		Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: ZYRTEC is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis due to allergens such as dust mites, animal dander and molds in adults and children 6 months of age and older.
		Chronic Urticaria: ZYRTEC is indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 months of age and older.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/cetiriz_ids.htm (857 words)

	eMedicine - Rhinitis, Allergic : Article by Javed Sheikh
		Watery rhinorrhea occurring shortly after eating may be vasomotor (and not allergic) in nature, mediated via the vagus nerve.
		Used for reducing rhinorrhea in patients with allergic or vasomotor rhinitis.
		In the United States, ipratropium bromide (Atrovent Nasal Spray) is available in a concentration of 0.03% (officially indicated for treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis) and 0.06% (officially indicated for the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with common cold).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic104.htm (8421 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Use of 0.06% ipratropium bromide nasal spray in children aged 2 to 5 years with rhinorrhea due to a common cold or allergies.
		BACKGROUND: Rhinorrhea from common colds or allergies in children is similar to that in adults, yet there are few data on the use of ipratropium bromide nasal spray in children younger than 5 years.
		OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.06% ipratropium bromide nasal spray in 2- to 5-year-old children with rhinorrhea from a common cold or allergies.
	www.plwc.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=15702820 (320 words)

	{beta}-Trace Protein as a Marker for Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea -- Arrer et al. 48 (6): 939 -- Clinical Chemistry
		procedures and used to detect CSF rhinorrhea (3)(4).
		Distribution of ßTP concentrations in nasal secretions from controls and patients with established CSF rhinorrhea.
		the detection of CSF rhinorrhea in this population.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/48/6/939 (1655 words)

	All About Revision Rhinoplasty - Dysfunction: Breathing Problems, Rhinorrhea & Others
		And although it is VERY common to have rhinorrhea for many months after a rhinoplasty - at the time of this entry, it has lasted me almost 3 years.
		Rhinorrhea Rhinitis is another disorder that can cause discomfort but is usually due to inflammation from allergies.
		Gustatory Rhinorrhea is: "Parasympathetic and sympathetic cross excitation as a result of misdirected regeneration of nerve fibers subsequent to the trauma of surgery may cause rhinorrhea during eating.
	revisionrhinoplasty.net /breathingproblems.htm (1257 words)

	Effectiveness and Safety of Intranasal Ipratropium Bromide in Common Colds: A Randomized, Double-Blind, ...
		Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sneezing are the cardinal
		Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sneezing were assessed in
		Rhinorrhea differed in the ipratropium group and the control group for each of study days 1 through 4; the ipratropium recipients also had lower scores for sneezing on study days 2 and 4.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/125/2/89 (4755 words)

	Allergic Diseases Resource Center: Rhinitis
		Though rhinitis is commonly thought of as a response to the deposition of allergens on the nasal mucosa, a significant percentage of patients suffering with rhinitis are not allergic.
		Though the end results of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea may not help to distinguish between the disorders, numerous historical clues and subtle differences on physical exam coupled with allergen skin testing or RAST can lead to an accurate diagnosis.
		By decreasing inflammation, nasal corticosteroids decrease mucosal edema and vascular leak improving the symptoms of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion.
	www.worldallergy.org /professional/allergic_diseases_center/rhinitis/rhinitis_indepth.shtml (2844 words)

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