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rhizoid - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about rhizoid Hairlike outgrowth found on the gametophyte generation of ferns, mosses, and liverworts. Rhizoids anchor the plant to the substrate and can absorb water and nutrients. Rhizoids fulfil the same functions as the roots of higher plants but are simpler in construction. encyclopedia.farlex.com /rhizoid   (120 words)

Living Water Waste Water Treatment Secondary rhizoid regeneration occurs in nature when the alga is removed from the substrate by either predation or wave action and must reattach. The technique is based on the secondary rhizoid regeneration process that can be simulated by cutting 5 mm off the basal end of the algal filament which removes the specialised cells that grow rhizoids. Assessment is based on the number of algal filaments that have regenerated in a given substance or natural waters and the density and number of the rhizoids which is a finer indicator of the degree of stress on the organism. www.livingwater.org.uk /rhizoid.asp   (658 words)

Rhizoid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rhizoids, in fungi, are small branching hyphae that grow downwards from the stolons that anchor the fungus. Rhizoids, in bryophytes, are root-like structures that anchors the plant to the ground. Rhizoids are a structure (as a hypha of a fungus) that functions like a root in support or absorption. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhizoid   (121 words)

rhizoid :: design : HLN RHIZOID :: DESIGN is a multimedia production studio primarily pursing web-based design projects. portfolio highlights some of the work completed since 1998, when RHIZOID was established. Note that if the 'launch" button is grayed out, it is usually because the project was not web-based. www.rhizoid.com /home/portfolio/hln.html   (60 words)

Statoliths, Cytoskeletal Elements and Cytoplasmic Streaming of Chara Rhizoids under Reduced Gravity during TEXUS Flights   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) Rhizoids are tubular single cells that attach the alga to the ground. The rhizoids were observed on the stage of a horizontal microscope in the flight module (MBB/ERNO, module TEM 06-16) and video-recorded with a CCD camera. Photographs of the rhizoid's apex recorded on the ground and during the µg period in the vertical orientation are presented in Fig. esapub.esrin.esa.it /sp/sp1206/buche.htm   (1796 words)

BRYOPHYTA - LoveToKnow Article on BRYOPHYTA   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) Fungal hyphae occur in the rhizoids and in the cells of the lower region of the thallus of many liverworts, as in the endotrophic mycorhiza of higher plants. The rhizoids spring from the lower surface of the stem, and sometimes from the bases of the leaves. The latter, in contrast to the rhizoids of liverworts, are composed of rows of elongated cells and are branched. www.1911ency.org /B/BR/BRYOPHYTA.htm   (11103 words)

CASSLS Cytoskeleton Conference - Abstract However, the rhizoid (a rootlike extension) of the alga Chara is a model system in which all stages of gravitropism can be analyzed in a single cell (Sievers and Volkmann, 1979; Braun and Sievers, 1994; Kiss, 1994). A rhizoid viewed with brightfield optics through agar (that was used in the growth medium). A rhizoid at a latter stage of gravitropic curvature. www.mbl.edu /CASSLS/Abstract.kiss.html   (930 words)

Web Document   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) The germination of the spore begins when it is exposed to both light and water, and is considered complete when the root-like rhizoid emerges through the spore coat. About 72 hours after spores are initially exposed to light, the primary rhizoid begins to emerge from the spore coat. Ceratopteris spores were flown on NASA payload flight STS-93, and spores germinating in microgravity on the space shuttle had rhizoids emerge in random orientations. www.biosci.utexas.edu /graduate/plantbio/salmi.asp   (331 words)

CASSLS Cytoskeleton Conference - Abstract If the orientation of a population of spores is changed during the polarity-determination window for a population of spores, some of primary rhizoids grow in the first direction of down, while the others grow in the second direction of down. The direction of rhizoid growth is not the earliest visible response of germinating spores to gravity. Also the primary gravity response, fixing the polarity of nuclear migration and rhizoid growth, occurs in a relatively synchronized population of cells relatively soon after light-induced initiation of germination, and can be visualized easily through the clear spore coat of Ceratopteris with video microscopy equipment already developed and used in prior shuttle experiments (STL-B). www.mbl.edu /CASSLS/Abstract.Roux.html   (1189 words)

Definition of rhizoid - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Learn more about "rhizoid" and related topics at Britannica.com Find more about "rhizoid" instantly with Live Search See a map of "rhizoid" in the Visual Thesaurus www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=rhizoid   (26 words)

Spatial re-organisation of cortical microtubules in vivo during polarisation and asymmetric division of Fucus zygotes ... Note that the thallus spindle is perpendicular to the growth axis whereas the spindle in the rhizoid is not yet aligned with this axis (projection of all sections). Cortical MTs are nucleated at the rhizoid collar and are oriented parallel to the growth axis. The persistence of cortical MT foci at the rhizoid jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/118/12/2723   (6807 words)

rhizoid :: design RHIZOID :: DESIGN is a multimedia production studio primarily pursing web-based design projects. Note that if the 'launch" button is grayed out, it is usually because the project was not web-based. Videos and audio files continue to being added to the artists section of the archives. www.rhizoid.com   (85 words)

Early Development in Fern Gametophytes: Interpreting the Transition to Prothallial Architecture in Terms of Coordinated ... Rhizoids were present at d5 onward, but protruded below the structure and are not visible in photographs until d19. rhizoid pole near the spore, and the apical cell. Acropetal migration of secondary rhizoids during development of a filamentous gametophyte with an axial length between the apical cell and the spore of approx. aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/2/227   (7361 words)

Mycorrhizal Citations When grown in sand or water culture, isolated from their natural substrata (sandstone rocks, peat, Sphagnum, rotten wood), the hepatics are free from rhizoid infections. Each rhizoid or fascicle of rhizoids is infected independently and a continuous strand of fungus-containing cells is absent. The Lepidoziaceae and Calypogeiaceae produce fascicles of rhizoids from the bases of rudimentary leaves whereas the flagelliform axes in the Cephaloziaceae are leafless. mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/1991/91_duckett.htm   (314 words)

Involvement of auxin and a homeodomain-leucine zipper I gene in rhizoid development of the moss Physcomitrella patens ... a rhizoid with a juvenile leaf as a `basal rhizoid' and a rhizoid Rhizoid development was induced by exogenous auxin (Tables 1,2). This is concordant with the observation that rhizoids are induced dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/20/4835   (6740 words)

Elemental propagation of calcium signals in response-specific patterns determined by environmental stimulus strength -- ... Locally elevated Ca is required in the growth zone of several polarized plant cell types (11-14, 17, 18). (A) Ratio photometric recordings of average global cell Ca monitored with fura-2-dextran (13) in rhizoid cells in response to transfer from 100% SW to 60% (n = 7), 70% (n = 20), 80% (n = 20), or 90% (n = 3) SW. Studies with the Mn quench technique revealed a role for Ca influx in the generation of Ca signals in the rhizoid apex (13). www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/4/1932   (3518 words)

Spatiotemporal Patterning of Reactive Oxygen Production and Ca2+ Wave Propagation in Fucus Rhizoid Cells -- Coelho et ... Localized Ca increase at the extreme rhizoid apex was observed at 1 min (a) and 60 min (b) after return to seawater. caused a significant proportion (25%) of rhizoid cells to rupture. Brownlee, C., and Pulsford, A. Visualization of the cytoplasmic Ca gradient in Fucus serratus rhizoids: Correlation with cell structure and polarity. www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/10/2369   (5346 words)

Lecture 16 Outline If the rhizoid cell is completely ablated the thallus cell will form a thallus only. If protoplasts are made of the rhizoid cell, they will regenerate an entire embryo indicating they still possess full totipotency. If the rhizoid cell is ablated but fragments of rhizoid cell wall material remain attached to the apical cell, apical cell derivatives that come in contact with the rhizoid wall material will acquire a rhizoid fate. www.public.iastate.edu /~bot.512/lectures/embryo.htm   (3412 words)

STATOLITH movement in the Chara rhizoid responds to calcium antagonists.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) The Chara rhizoid is a good system for the study of gravitropism, since perception, signal transduction, and response occur in the same cell. When the rhizoid is re-oriented, statoliths fall to the lower flank in 1-2 hours and gravitropic curvature follows. In rhizoids treated with verapamil, no gravicurvature was seen 4 h after gravistimulation, while in controls 52% of rhizoids curved downward. abstracts.aspb.org /pb1997/45/1083.shtml   (317 words)

[No title] HA: the vacuole has a pH gradient; the stalk and apex regions are pH 3.3 and the rhizoid region is pH 7.2 (i.e., the stalk and apex regions are more acidic than the rhizoid region). HB: the vacuole has a pH gradient; the stalk and apex regions are pH 7.2 and the rhizoid region is pH 3.3 (i.e., the stalk and apex regions are less acidic than the rhizoid region). Vacuolar pH gradient is affected by cell wounding (rhizoid region) H0: following a single wounding in the rhizoid region, the pH gradient will remain unaffected. courses.washington.edu /dmandoli/Teams/Vacuole/VacuoleProposal.doc   (2222 words)

Java moss: Rhizoid, capsule and infection - Aquatic Plant Central- aquascaping...a living art On plant physiology and emersed culture Discuss Java moss: Rhizoid, capsule and infection in the Advanced Topics Forums forums; From a distance this java moss (probably Vesicularia dubyana) looks OK. As we look closer it is easy to notice... Their rhizoids are colored and located very differently (Brown hairs on the left, white and tiny uniform extention on the right). This is generally what we read in the textbooks about the rhizoids. www.aquaticplantcentral.com /forumapc/showthread.php?p=74019#post74019   (1246 words)

Entrez Reports Our data supports the hypothesis that cell wall factors in embryos, previously shown to be responsible for induction of rhizoid cell differentiation, are deposited simultaneously with and are responsible for polar axis fixation. We show that the spatial redistribution of poly(A)+ RNA requires intact microfilaments and the fixation of the polar axis, but is not dependent upon polarized growth of the rhizoid, intact microtubules, or orientation of the division plane. The fucan complex F2, which is localized in the rhizoid wall, is composed of a fucan sulphate core (F3) to which uronic acid polymers (similar to F1) are attached. bcrc.bio.umass.edu /kunkel/bio580/jgklect4/Fucus.html   (1803 words)

Induction of curvature in Chara rhizoids by magnetic beads m in diameter) close to the statoliths of the rhizoid in the presence of an external osmoticum to offset excessive turgor pressure. After full recovery of the rhizoid (closure of the puncture, re-established turgor and cytoplasmic streaming) displacement of the injected beads was induced by application of an external magnetic field. Work is in progress to quantify the response, and utilize antibody or ligand coating of the beads to study the interaction with the actin cytoskeleton and its function in statolith positioning and gravisensing. abstracts.aspb.org /pb2002/public/M16/1060.html   (298 words)

Cytochalasin treatment disrupts the endogenous currents associated with cell polarization in fucoid zygotes: studies of ... rhizoid immediately after experimental induction of the polar axis with a the presumptive rhizoid by the time the position of the polar axis is rhizoid but does not completely delocalize this locus if added after www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/100/4/1173   (496 words)

Synthesis of a Callosic Substance during Rhizoid Differentiation in Spirogyra -- Yamada et al. 44 (11): 1225 -- Plant ... Synthesis of a Callosic Substance during Rhizoid Differentiation in Spirogyra -- Yamada et al. by rhizoids that form at the ends of the filaments. cell differentiates into a rhizoid cell if the filament is injured. pcp.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/44/11/1225   (164 words)

Development: Calcification patterns reveal distinct subcellular domains   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) The rhizoid and the majority of the stalk calcify; only the apical 10-20% and a small region adjacent to the rhizoid remain uncalcified. Removal of light reverses the direction of proton flux in the apical region and at the rhizoid, and transiently increases proton flux from the stalk adjacent to the rhizoid. Respiration mainly occurs near and in the rhizoid, with less O2 consumption occurring along the stalk. faculty.washington.edu /mandoli/abstracts/calcification.html   (243 words)

F-actin marks the rhizoid pole in living Pelvetia compressa zygotes -- Alessa and Kropf 126 (1): 201 -- Development F-actin marks the rhizoid pole in living Pelvetia compressa zygotes -- Alessa and Kropf 126 (1): 201 -- Development F-actin marks the rhizoid pole in living Pelvetia compressa zygotes patches localized at the shaded pole (rhizoid pole of growth axis). dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/126/1/201   (581 words)

Early Embryo Development in Fucus distichus Is Auxin Sensitive -- Basu et al. 130 (1): 292 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY rhizoids, at concentrations that are active in auxin accumulation The numbers of embryos with altered rhizoid formation and branching in response to a range of IAA and NPA concentrations were The percentage of the total number of embryos with multiple or branched rhizoids after culture for 48 h in ASW containing either NPA or IAA is plotted as a function of concentration of added compound. www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/130/1/292   (6890 words)

American Journal of Botany, 53, 5, May, 1966/ June, 1966   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12) Abstract: The lengths of rhizomes, rhizoid clusters, and leaves of many plants of Caulerpa prolifera cultured under controlled conditions were measured daily. The length of the younger rhizoid clusters shows a linear relationship to their distance from the rhizome tip. Accordingly, by extrapolating the straight line to zero rhizoid length, we calculated the presumptive site of rhizoid initiation to be 0.84 mm from the rhizome tip. www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001647.php   (2217 words)

Rhizoid Differentiation in Spirogyra: Position Sensing by Terminal Cells -- Inoue et al. 43 (5): 479 -- Plant and Cell ... Rhizoid Differentiation in Spirogyra: Position Sensing by Terminal Cells -- Inoue et al. Rhizoid Differentiation in Spirogyra: Position Sensing by Terminal Cells cell begins to differentiate a rhizoid via tip growth. pcp.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/43/5/479   (309 words)

Asymmetric Subcellular mRNA Distribution Correlates with Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Acetabularia acetabulum -- ... The external pH along most of the plant is alkaline relative to the surrounding medium, whereas the region at and near the rhizoid shows external acidity in nearly half of the individuals measured. one-third from the apex, one-third from the rhizoid, and at the Measurements were made at the apex, one-third from the apex, one-third from the rhizoid, and at the rhizoid before and after addition of either AZ or EZ. www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/2/900   (6142 words)

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