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Topic: Rhizosphere

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

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	[No title]
		The rhizosphere is a battleground and the wars are continuous.
		Microorganisms compete in the rhizosphere, an area rich in exudates from the tree.
		It may be that the pathogens would have difficulties in building their populations in the rhizosphere dominated by the mycorrhizal fungi.
	www.treedictionary.com /DICT2003/shigo/RHIZO.html (4020 words)

	AEHS Magazine- December 2001
		More recently, the research on rhizosphere has been directed towards its influence on the transformation of pollutants in soils and now it is well established that microbially-mediated transformation processes in the rhizosphere play an important role in controlling the persistence, mobility and bioavailability of toxicants in soils.
		The rhizosphere is a micro-zone at the root-soil interface that is under the influence of the plant root.
		The rhizosphere effect is expressed quantitatively as the ratio of the number or activity of microorganisms or level of root exudates in rhizosphere soil (R) to that in the edaphosphere soil (E), the R/E ratio.
	www.aehsmag.com /issues/2001/december/rhizosphere.htm (1865 words)

	Grazing Management Effects on Rhizosphere Fungi
		The rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil surrounding living roots of perennial grassland plants where the symbiotic soil organisms--bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, mites, small insects, and fungi (primarily vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae)--interact as a complex trophic web that is critical for energy and nutrient flow in grassland ecosystems.
		The rhizosphere fungus detected during this study is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus from the Homobasidiomycete class and the Russuloid clade; it efficiently stabilizes soil by forming water-stable soil aggregates in the rhizosphere of grasses (Caesar-TonThat et al.
		Rhizosphere fungi are primarily vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, taxonomically in the class Phycomycetes and the family Endogonaceae, that form endomycorrhiza in which the vesicles, arbuscules, and hyphae of the fungus enter the cells and tissue of the host plant (Harley and Smith 1983).
	www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /dickinso/research/2001/range01a.htm (2744 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Soil Biology: the Rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Interpretive Summary: The rhizosphere, the zone of soil surrounding the root, is a dynamic region governed by complex interactions between plants and the organisms that are in close association with the roots.
		Rhizosphere organisms can also be used to enhance the formation of stable soil aggregates and as bioremediation agents of contaminated soils.
		The interactions among soil, plants and organisms that comprise the rhizosphere characterize the complexity and the dynamics of this region.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=147020 (348 words)

	Rhizosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
		Rhizosphere, the zone that surrounds the roots of plants.
		The Rhizosphere, the property belonging to an anarchist collective in Austin, Texas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhizosphere (85 words)

	soil Science Advisory Committee Priorities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To characterise the population dynamics of the rhizosphere biota and identify the relative importance of soil and plant factors which control rhizosphere populations.
		Rhizosphere C-flux is well known to affect microbial activity and population density and diversity.
		Application of molecular and biochemical techniques to the study of the rhizosphere is increasing rapidly, especially with regard to plant pathogens and beneficial microorganisms and to the characterisation of the microbial community.
	www.nerc.ac.uk /funding/tfwsci/ssac_priority.shtml (4260 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rhizosphere pH was 0.07 to 0.65 units lower than that of the bulk soil, depending on soil horizon, root morphology, and plant age.
		Saleque,-M.A.; Kirk,-G.J.D. Root-induced solubilization of phosphate in the rhizosphere of lowland rice.
		The effect of rhizosphere phosphorus status on the pH, phophatase activity and depletion of soil phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere and on the cation-anion balance in the plants.
	www.soils.wisc.edu /~barak/temp/rhizopH.html (6771 words)

	Phytoremediation Bibliography
		The degradation of pyrene and anthracene was investigated in a laboratory study in which soil was removed from the rhizosphere of a long-term stand of alfalfa and compared to degradation in non-rhizosphere and sterile soil.
		The effect of the rhizosphere on PAH degradation seems to be short-lived and requires the continued pre sence of roots.
		The rhizosphere, in particular, is an area of increased microbial activity that may enhance transformation and degradation of pollutants.
	www.nal.usda.gov /wqic/Bibliographies/phyto.html (12641 words)

	Rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The IMPACT Project Dealing with the interactions between microbial inoculants and resident populations in the rhizosphere of agronomically important crops in typical soils.
		IMPACT Project Home Page Interactions between microbial inoculants and resident populations in the rhizosphere of agronomically important crops in typical soils.
		Soil Ecology Soil and rhizosphere processes in semi-natural habitats (Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL).
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Rhizosphere.html (112 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Switchgrass rhizosphere populations were highly variable in their ability to recover N and P and stimulate seedling shoot and root yields.
		Seedlings inoculated with rhizosphere populations from seeded switchgrass stands averaged 1.5-fold greater shoot and root yields than seedlings inoculated with rhizosphere populations from native prairies.
		Rhizosphere populations that stimulated the greatest N uptake differed from populations that resulted in the greatest P uptake.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6476885 (346 words)

	Rhizosphere ecology and bioavailability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the rhizosphere soil biology meets soil chemistry, as soil chemical factors affect and simultaneously are affected by soil biological processes.
		Models of rhizosphere function cannot yet be easily upscaled or downscaled, as the feed backs between soil biology and soil chemistry are not yet adequately understood.
		Rhizosphere ecology should be grounded in ecological knowledge of the organisms involved (theme Ecology of soil organisms) and of the chemical processes (theme Speciation and transport).
	www.dow.wau.nl /soil_quality/nieuw/research/Rhizecol.htm (398 words)

	BBSRC - The science we support - initiatives - Biological Interactions in the Root Environment (BIRE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Practical manipulation and engineering of the rhizosphere can, however, only be facilitated by the development of a better understanding of biological interactions in the root environment and the generation of reliable models that explain and predict the dynamics of rhizosphere populations and their interactions.
		Different crops appear to support distinctive rhizosphere populations but it is not certain whether this is due to specific signalling or response to the nutrient composition of the root exudates.
		Yet the rhizosphere is an ideal site for pollutant decomposition, providing a niche, aeration, and energy from root C-flow as it is poor supply of nutrients and oxygen in contaminated soils that most commonly limits microbial degradation of pollutants.
	www.bbsrc.ac.uk /science/initiatives/bire.html (1395 words)

	Worm Digest - Rhizosphere Biology and Crop Productivity
		The rhizosphere of a single root occupies a volume that extends from the root to an ill-defined position in the soil that depends on the diffusion of exudates and the stage of development and biochemistry of the roots (Hinsinger et al.
		The behaviour of subsoil roots and their rhizospheres, particularly perennial rhizospheres in biopores that are repeatedly colonised by successive generations of roots and that contain many remnant roots, may hold the key to improving how root systems of current crops can make better use of subsoils.
		Different studies are thus analysing different fractions of the rhizosphere biology that depend on the spatial and temporal definition of the rhizosphere, adhesion of organisms to roots and soil, and methods of extraction.
	www.wormdigest.org /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=296&Itemid=2 (12150 words)

	Molecular Interactions in the Rhizosphere - Additional Funding Project
		This project initiates a functional genomics and metabolomics approach to elucidate and characterize the interface of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere and its implications for plant health and quality.
		The rhizosphere (the root zone of plants) is a very special habitat with many different substrates, yielded by the root to its neighborhood (bacteria, fungi and a lot of other organisms) and vice versa.
		Crosstalk of the genomes of plants and microbes in the rhizosphere
	rhizosphere.gsf.de (227 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Soil Biota in the Rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In this area organic materials are released from the root or seed that result in altered microbial diversity and increased numbers of organisms, microbial activity and interactions among microorganisms, the seed or root and the soil.
		The rhizosphere is the zone of altered microbial diversity, increased activity and number of organisms, and complex interactions of microorganisms and the root.
		The significance of the rhizosphere arises from the release of organic material from the root and the subsequent effect of increased microbial activity on nutrient cycling and plant growth.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=144331&pf=1 (331 words)

	rhizosphere
		The Rhizosphere is the zone surrounding the roots of plants in which complex relations exist among the plant, the soil microorganisms and the soil itself.
		The absorption of ammonium ions, for example, promotes the efflux of H+ ions and reduces the pH of the rhizosphere, while the absorption of NO3- ion promotes the efflux of OH- and raises the rhizosphere pH.
		This change in pH is localized to the region adjacent to the root and does not affect the bulk soil pH.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/j/e/jel5/biofilms/rhizosphere.html (851 words)

	Diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root interior of field-grown genetically modified Brassica ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We conducted a 2-year field study to assess the effects of herbicide-tolerant genetically modified canola (oilseed rape, Brassica sp.) on microbial biodiversity in the rhizosphere.
		The rhizosphere and root interior microbial communities were characterized through fatty acid methyl ester analysis and community level physiological profiles.
		Principal component analysis indicated that the root interior and rhizosphere bacterial community associated with the genetically modified variety Quest (Brassica napus) was different from conventional varieties Excel (B. napus) and Fairview (Brassica rapa), based on both fatty acid composition and carbon substrate utilization.
	www.biotech-info.net /rhizosphere.html (274 words)

	"Comparison of Parental and Transgenic Alfalfa Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities Using Biolog GN Metabolic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rhizosphere bacterial communities of parental and two transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) of isogenic background were compared based on metabolic fingerprinting using Biolog GN microplates and DNA fingerprinting of bacterial communities present in Biolog GN substrate wells by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR).
		Cluster analysis and principal components analysis (PCA) of the Biolog GN metabolic fingerprints indicated consistent differences in substrate utilization between the parental and lignin peroxidase transgenic alfalfa rhizosphere bacterial communities.
		Results of this study suggest that transgenic plant genotype may affect rhizosphere microorganisms and that the methodology used in this study may prove a useful approach for the comparison of bacterial communities.
	www.biotech-info.net /transgenic_alfalfa.html (273 words)

	Abilities of Helophyte Species to Release Oxygen into Rhizospheres with Varying Redox Conditions in Laboratory-Scale ...
		The intensity of release was found to be controlled by the external oxygen demand in the rhizosphere for the whole range of conditions from extremely reduced to oxidized.
		The capacities of the plantlets to release oxygen were found to be species-specific under reduced conditions in the rhizosphere (-400 mV to +200 mV).
		The presented oxygen-releasing behavior is a process dominating natural conditions within the rhizosphere and is relevant to wetland systems and for conceptual approaches in phytoremediation.
	www.sgnis.org /publicat/wieskusc.htm (354 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		Understanding rhizosphere processes in relation to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is important for predicting the response of forest ecosystems to environmental changes, because rhizosphere processes are intimately linked with nutrient cycling and soil organic matter decomposition, both of which feedback to tree growth and soil carbon storage.
		Although it is known that elevated CO2 enhances rhizosphere respiration more than it enhances root biomass, the fate and function of this extra carbon input to the rhizosphere in response to elevated CO2 are not clear.
		A microbial growth model is developed that quantitatively links the increased rhizosphere input in response to elevated CO2 with soil organic matter decomposition.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest99/4cheng1.htm (232 words)

	Présentation de l'équipe Rhizosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We built a case for the adaptive significance of the transformed phenotype [2, 3, 6, 11, 17, 28, 30, 31], and we related it to the structure and function of the Ri T-DNA [5-7]and to the activities of individual genes [27, 28, 30, 33, 34].
		This work started in the late 1970's, with the discovery that cultures of transformed roots produce a secondary metabolite, agropine, whose synthesis is encoded in the transferred DNA [1].
		Goldmann, A., et al., Betaine use by rhizosphere bacteria: genes essential for trigonelline, stachydrine, and carnitine catabolism in Rhizobium meliloti are located on pSym in the symbiotic region.
	www-phyto.versailles.inra.fr /english/recherche/phytopharmacie/rhizosphere/rhizosphere.htm (2053 words)

	Microbiology of Agricultural Soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Not surprisingly, many microorganisms are present at higher numbers on the surface of plant roots and in the rhizosphere than in soil not influenced by the presence of roots.
		The rhizosphere is a key soil habitat, where the numerous interactions taking place between plant root and soil microorganisms will determine growth conditions for both the plant and the microorganisms in the rhizosphere.
		Indeed, the rhizosphere microbiota exerts an important influence on roots and on growth of the plant.
	www.ucc.ie /impact/agri3f.html (459 words)

	Weixin Cheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The rhizosphere has been identified as one of the key fine scale components in the overall research of global carbon cycles.
		The research tasks include: (1) investigating rhizosphere respiration at one forest site using a new 13C natural tracer method; (2) linking forest rhizosphere respiration with root demography; and (3) developing a tree rhizosphere respiration model.
		Rhizosphere priming effects on the decomposition of soil organic matter in C 4 and C 3 grassland soils.
	people.ucsc.edu /~wxcheng (1021 words)

	Rhizosphere Effects on Decomposition: Controls of Plant Species, Phenology, and Fertilization -- Cheng et al. 67 (5): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		altered by the presence of the rhizosphere (Fig.
		Rhizosphere priming effects on the decomposition of soil organic matter in C4 and C3 grassland soils.
		Carbon translocation to the rhizosphere of maize and wheat and influence on the turnover of native soil organic matter at different soil nitrogen levels.
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/67/5/1418 (5047 words)

	CHARACTERIZATION OF NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIAL RHIZOSPHERE COMMUNITIES USING RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS ...
		Total DNA was extracted from rhizosphere zones in natural and artificial sediments by bead-beating and purified by CsCl-EtBr gradient centrifugation.
		-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere usually require enrichments of culturable bacteria, and functional contributions are often assessed using the acetylene reduction assay (ARA) of cultured isolates or soil cores.
		Rhizospheres, operationally defined as roots and soil attached to roots after moderate shaking, were harvested after six weeks, and root nodules were removed prior to DNA extraction.
	nbiap.biochem.vt.edu /brarg/brasym95/lepo95.htm (3712 words)

	Using Vegetation to Enhance In Situ Bioremediation
		The plant root zone (the rhizosphere) has significantly larger numbers of microorganisms than soils which do not have plants growing in them (16); this appears to enhance the biodegradation of organic compounds.
		Plants can transform organic compounds that are assimilated through their roots and the rhizosphere provides an excellent environment for the adsorption and microbial transformation of organic compounds.
		When growing plants were present, the microbial activity, biomass, and degradation of TCE in rhizosphere soils were found to be significantly greater than corresponding nonvegetated soils (3,5,35).
	www.engg.ksu.edu /HSRC/phytorem/vegenhance.html (3494 words)

	RTDF Website - Phytoremediation Action Team Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Previous research has demonstrated that rhizosphere soils or microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soils often exhibit accelerated rates of xenobiotic metabolism, suggesting that plants might be valuable as a cost-effective approach for biological remediation of waste sites.An area where cost-effective approaches to remediation are in particular need is retail agrochemical dealer sites.
		Rhizosphere soil, and edaphosphere soil spiked with a mixture of atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin at levels typical of point-source spills.
		Phytoremediation to Increase the Degradation of Pcbs and Pcdd/Fs.
	www.rtdf.org /public/phyto/bib/print.cfm?abstract=1 (13810 words)

	Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere - George R. Gobran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first book devoted to the complex interactions between trace elements, soils, plants, and microorganisms in the rhizosphere, Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere brings together the experimental investigative, and modeling branches of rhizosphere research.
		Written by an international team of authors, it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and fate of trace elements in the rhizosphere and the application of this information to phytoremediation technologies and sustainable agriculture and forestry.
		With ecological and environmental issues moving to the forefront, the focus of rhizosphere research has increasingly shifted to studing the effect of plant-microbial association on the bioavailability, uptake, and transformation of inorganic and organic contaminants in soils.
	www.uswaternews.com /books/bksbycategory/2aSoilSci/te0849315352.html (234 words)

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