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Topic: Rhotic consonant

Related Topics

Lateral consonant

Fricative consonant

Alveolar lateral approximant

Alveolar flap

Approximant

Semivowel

Linguolabial consonant

Manner of articulation

SAMPA Chart

Place of articulation

Nasal consonant

Linking R

Vowel

Dark L

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	Rhotic consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants.
		However, "being r-like" is a strangely elusive feature, and the very same sounds that function as rhotics in some systems may pattern with fricatives, semivowels or even stops in others.
		Trill (popularly known as rolled r): The airstream is interrupted several times as one of the organs of speech (usually the tip of the tongue or the uvula) vibrates, closing and opening the air passage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhotic_consonant (667 words)

	Rhotic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rhotic speakers pronounce written r in all positions, while non-rhotic speakers pronounce it only if it is followed by a vowel.
		In England, rhotic accents are found in Northumbria, the South West, and parts of Lancashire.
		The case of New York is especially interesting because of a classic study in sociolinguistics by William Labov showing that the non-rhotic accent is associated with older and lower-class speakers, and is being replaced by the rhotic accent.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Rhotic (494 words)

	Rhotic and non-rhotic accents - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Rhotic speakers pronounce written "r" in all positions (although many rhotic speakers omit it in French loan words where "r" is silent, such as dossier).
		In England, rhotic accents are found in Northumbria, the West Country, and parts of Lancashire.
		Other areas with rhotic accents include India (particularly in southern India and Maharashtra where the R's are rolled), Philippines, and Otago and Southland in the far south of New Zealand's South Island, where a small Scottish influence is apparent.
	rhoticandnonrhoticaccents.quickseek.com (921 words)

	Wikipedia: Rhotic
		Most of the northern and western United States is rhotic, except the New England region, and (for some speakers) New York.
		Areas with non-rhotic accents include Africa, Australia, most of the Caribbean, most of England (especially Received Pronunciation speakers), New Zealand, South Africa, the southern United States (although pockets of rhotic speakers do exist in the southern United States, especially in northwest Alabama and middle Tennessee) and New England and New York, and Wales.
		See Rhotic consonant for more general linguistic information on rhotic sounds.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/rh/rhotic.html (536 words)

	Rhotic - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In linguistic terms, rhotic dialects are said to permit non-prevocalic /r/.
		Some pairs of words are homophonic for non-rhotic speakers but not for rhotic speakers, for example, ion and iron are pronounced identically by many non-rhotic speakers, but differently by rhotic speakers.
		In England, rhotic accents are found in Northumbria, the South West, and Norfolk.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /no/Non-rhotic.html (406 words)

	Flap consonant - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator is thrown against another.
		The main difference between a flap and a stop consonant is that in a flap, there is no buildup of air pressure behind the place of articulation.
		The difference between a tap and a flap is that in a tap the tongue flips up to strike its point of contact, like a very light plosive, whereas with a flap the tongue is thrown out and down, striking the point of contact in passing.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Flap_consonant (523 words)

	Rhoticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Rhotic speakers pronounce written [r] in all positions (except in certain French borrowings where it is never pronounced, like dossier), while non-rhotic speakers pronounce it only if it is followed by a vowel.
		Areas with rhotic accents include Barbados, Canada, Ireland, and Scotland.
		The word rhotic comes from the Greek letter rho, the equivalent of R. See also
	www.olive-oil-facts.info /en/wikipedia/r/rh/rhoticism.html (490 words)

	SSILA 2004 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Wordlists from four of the remaining native speakers of Yurok were recorded as a foundation for conducting acoustic phonetic studies of the consonants and vowels of this language.
		The corresponding rhotic consonant /r/ (a sonorant, not a trill) has a significantly lower first formant than the rhotic vowel, but is very similar in second and third formant values, suggesting the vowel and consonant are produced in very much the same location in the mouth, but the consonant has a closer constriction.
		The sonorant consonants of Yurok have laryngealized counterparts.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/meetings/SSILA04/abstracts/maddieson.htm (234 words)

	Non-native pronunciations of English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The English rhotic /ɹ/ may be replaced by the French equivalent; while a uvular fricative rhotic [ʁ] is typical for speakers in Paris, [ʁ], [r], [ɾ], and [χ] are other possibilities depending on the speaker's dialect.
		Consonant clusters that Persian speakers find difficult may be separated by epenthetical vowels or simplified through deletion.
		Voiced consonants may be devoiced in all positions, especially word-finally — lenis and fortis plosives may differ in length and aspiration, yet Swiss German dialects do not have any fully voiced plosives.
	www.myproxy.ca /nph-index.cgi/111110A/687474703a2f2f656e2e77696b6970656469612e6f72672f77696b692f4e6f6e2d6e61746976655f70726f6e756e63696174696f6e735f6f665f456e676c697368 (7246 words)

	Consonant: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		There are a group of consonants called sonorant In phonetics and phonology, a sonorant is a member of a class of speech sounds that are continuants produced without turbulent airflow in the vocal tract....
		When the vocal cords are vibrating, the consonant is voiced Phoneticians define phonation as "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus."...
		Bilabial consonant In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /c/consonant (1982 words)

	Rhotic consonant - TheBestLinks.com - Formant, Fricative, International Phonetic Alphabet, Liquid consonant, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Rhotic consonant, Formant, Fricative, International Phonetic Alphabet, Liquid...
		Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquids.
		American, Australian) flaps do not function as rhotics but are realisations of intervocalic apical stops ([t] or [d], e.g.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Rhotic_consonant.html (469 words)

	Standard Mandarin - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		These consonants are, rather, flat apical postalveolar, and thus differ from both palatoalveolar and (true) retroflex consonants (Ladefoged and Wu 1984; Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996:150-154).
		The alveolo-palatal consonants /tɕ tɕʰ ɕ/ are in complementary distribution (see minimal pair) with the alveolar consonants /ts tsʰ s/, retroflex consonants /tʂ tʂʰ ʂ/ and velar consonants /k kʰ x/.
		Many foreigners have difficulties mastering the tones of each character, but correct tonal pronunciation is essential for intelligibility because of the vast number of homophones in the language.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Standard_Mandarin (3750 words)

	Rhotic consonant
		In American English flaps do not function as rhotics but are realisations of intervocalic apical stops ([t] or [d], e.g.
		Alveolar or retroflex approximant, as in most accents of English (with minute differences): The front part of the tongue approaches the upper gum, or the tongue-tip is curled back towards the roof of the mouth ("retroflexion").
		The International Phonetic Alphabet has a full set of different symbols which can be used whenever more phonetic accuracy is required (e.g.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/rh/Rhotic_consonant.html (423 words)

	Spanish Department - Travis G. Bradley
		Lingual fricatives and trills impose strict aerodynamic requirements for the achievement of their respective manner types, and the degree of gestural overlap between the adjacent segments in a cluster has an impact on whether and how these requirements are met (Solé 1999, 2002).
		The failure of hypercorrect [s] to appear before intervocalic rhotics is accounted for by a phonetically-grounded phonotactic constraint against [strident][vibrant] clusters in the output.
		The present study of Istanbul JS documents a voiced approximant of variable duration in syllable-initial contexts, although this does not necessarily entail the neutralization of rhotic contrast.
	philo.ucdavis.edu /zope/home/tbradley/research (3072 words)

	Yoruba language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The pronunciation of the letters without diacritics corresponds more or less to their International Phonetic Alphabet equivalents, except for the labial-velar stops k͡p (written as /p/) and [g͡b] (written as /gb/), in which both consonants are pronounced simultaneously rather than sequentially.
		In addition to the vertical bars, three further diacritics are used on vowels and syllabic nasal consonants to indicate the language's tones: an acute accent for the high tone, a grave accent for the low tone, and an optional macron for the middle tone.
		The rhotic consonant is realized as a flap ([ɾ]), or in some varieties (notably Lagos Yoruba) as the postalveolar approximant [ɹ].
	www.antiwebfilter.com /cgi-bin/cgiproxy/nph-proxy.pl/000110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_language (3038 words)

	Monophthongs in old non-rhotic accents \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Most, if not all, accents distinguish 'player' and 'prayer' by vowel (in addition to consonant): the first one is \ay\+\er\, whereas the second is \air\.
		Rhotic dialects that use a monophthong for \ay\ still have the option of distinguishing /@r/ and /r/, but in non-rhotic they're both /@/.
		As for the whole "player/prayer" thing for nonrhotic accents, like the others said I think they'd be distinguished even if they had the same consonant.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t76.htm (876 words)

	Boston accent phonology - TheBestLinks.com - Nasal consonant, Phonology, Rhotic, Received Pronunciation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The traditional Boston accent is non-rhotic; in other words, the phoneme \r`\ does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant.
		This means that the "short a" vowel \{\ as in cat and rat becomes a mid-high front diphthong \e@\ when it precedes a nasal consonant: thus man is \me@n\ and planet is \ple@n@t\.
		By contrast, Received Pronunciation uses \{\ regardless of whether the next consonant is nasal or not, and New York uses \e@\ before a nasal at the end of a syllable (\me@n\) but not before a nasal between two vowels (\pl{n@t\).
	www.thebestlinks.com /Boston_accent_phonology.html (740 words)

	Thesis afterword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The experiment in Chapter 2 established a hierarchy of susceptibility to rhotic influence for a series of front vowels, such that /I/ > /i/ >= /E/ > /ae/.
		The long-domain experiment in Chapter 4 showed that high front vowels /i/ and /I/ were prone to r-colouring even when not directly adjacent to the influencing consonant, provided they were unstressed.
		Furthermore where there is r-colouring in these non-adjacent vowels it reinforces the influence of the rhotic consonant on vowels directly adjacent to the /r/.
	kiri.ling.cam.ac.uk /prosynth/tunley_afterword.html (499 words)

	how I pronounce "r" sounds: a velarized labiodental approximant? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		I can pronounce uvular trills easily, as well as all kinds of bilabial trills, but the alveolar always escapes me. I decided that if I just take my /r\/ sound, as I assumed it to be, and mess around with that, I might end up with a trill.
		I've been standing in front of a mirror, trying to see what my tongue does when it tries to pronounce both /r/ and my "normal" rhotic consonant.(does anyone else sometimes feel that phonetics is just an excuse to make funny sounds?).
		After a little bit of googling, I cam across this: http://kiri.ling.cam.ac.uk/mark/LAGBr.pdf which seems to say that a labiodental rhotic sound is sometimes found in east England.
	www.talkaboutscience.com /group/sci.lang/messages/321144.html (553 words)

	Standard Mandarin - Dic.blogopt.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		These consonants are, rather, flat apical postalveolar, and thus differ from both palatoalveolar and (true)retroflex consonants (Ladefoged and Wu 1984; Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996:150-154).
		The alveolo-palatal consonants [tɕ tɕʰ ɕ] are in complementary distribution (see minimal pair) with the alveolar consonants [ts tsʰ s], retroflex consonants [tʂ tʂʰ ʂ] and velar consonants [k kʰ x].
		Standard Mandarin uses a rhotic consonant, /ɻ/, as a noun suffix (Traditional: -兒, Simplified: -儿), except in a few cases where 兒/儿 does not act as a suffix and is pronounced [ɤɻ].
	dic.blogopt.com /P'u-t'ung-hua (3412 words)

	Mandarin Information Center - mandarin oriental
		These mandarin orange cake recipe consonants mandarin dictionary are, rather, flat apical postalveolar, and thus differ kahala mandarin oriental from both palatoalveolar and (true)retroflex consonants (Ladefoged and Wu 1984; Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996:150-154).
		This means that tone, just like consonants mandarin tools and vowels, are used to distinguish words from each other.
		Many foreigners have difficulties mastering the tones of each character, but correct tonal pronunciation is essential for intelligibility because mandarin garnet bracelet of the vast number of homophones in the language.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_M_-_O/Mandarin.html (3482 words)

	SPA3112 Notes
		Resonant consonants have most of their energy in the lower frequency portion of the spectrum (the whole vocal tract, a bigger cavity, shapes the noise)
		Obstruent consonants have most of their energy in the higher frequency portion of the spectrum (only part of the vocal tract, a smaller cavity, shapes the noise)
		In cases where a nasal follows a stop at the same place of articulation (homorganic), the stop consonant is not release orally, instead the release occurs when the velum lowers (called nasal plosion, as in hidden, chutney)
	www.cas.usf.edu /~frisch/SPA3112_Fall01_L06.html (893 words)

	Rhoticism
		So in a rhotic accent, the r is heard in both 'car' and 'park'.
		Children and illiterates are rhotic and non-rhotic just the same as anyone else, although they have no idea whether there should be an 'r' in a word or not.
		This description of the difference between rhotic and non-rhotic accents of English works for all speakers, regardless of their spelling abilities, and explains a lot when it comes to understanding linking r
	www.hi.is /~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/rhoticism.html (409 words)

	Serakus - Languages - Mekhael Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		When the nirr- prefix is attached to a stem that begins with either a rhotic, a vowel + a rhotic, a consonant + a rhotic, or a vowel + a consonant + a rhotic (that is, (V)(C)R), the rhotic in the stem will drop: drákhin > nirrdákh.
		Also, if the stem begins with a voiced consonant, the /t/ may voice to [d] in speech, but it is not indicated in writing.
		If the noun is feminine and ends in a consonant, or is masculine/neuter and ends in /s/ or /z/, then it has the same accusative form as the nominative: vas 'road' is also vas in the accusative.
	www.thegreatsleep.com /serakus/language/mekhael/grammar.html (7652 words)

	Rhotic consonant: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquids A substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure
		However, "being r-like" is a strangely elusive feature, and the very same sounds that function as rhotics in some systems may pattern with fricatives A continuant consonant produced by breath moving against a narrowing of the vocal tract
		Alveolar A consonant articulated with the tip of the tongue near the gum ridge
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /r/rhotic_consonant (1363 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		The North American variation of this sound is a rhotic vowel.
		Voicing and aspiration of stop consonants in English depends on dialect and context, but a few general rules can be given:
		Voiceless plosives and affricates (/p/, /t/, /k/, and /tʃ/) are aspirated when they are word-initial or begin a stressed syllable and are not part of a consonant cluster - compare pin [pʰɪn] and spin [spɪn].
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/English_language (4103 words)

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