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Topic: Rhythmic units

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	Rhythmic gesture - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A rhythmic gesture is a durational pattern which, in contrast to a rhythmic unit, does not occupy a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level.
		They may be described according to their beginnings and endings or as to the rhythmic units they contain.
		Beginnings on a strong pulse are thetic, a weak pulse, anacrustic, and those beginning after a rest or tied-over note are called initial rest.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rhythmic_gesture (143 words)

	Common practice period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rhythmic units based on metric or intrametric patterns, though specific contrametric or extrametric patterns are signatures of certain styles or composers.
		Rhythmic gestures of a limited number of rhythmic units, sometimes based on a single or alternating pair.
		Rhythmic gestures repeated exactly or in variation after contrasting gestures.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/co/common_practice_period.html (493 words)

	wtc-i-16
		Although its rhythmic structure seems to allow a subdivision into four units of "long short/short long long", its melodic design with the interspersed "charm notes" counteracts such subphrasing and distinguishes the figure as extending through the entire bar.
		This rhythmic figure is related to the previous one insofar as it also commences on the first off beat sixteenth-note.
		A good solution is one in which three rhythmic units of the prelude equal one in the fugue; i.e.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~siglind/wtc-i-16.htm (4191 words)

	Yoga, Pranayama, Breathing Exercise, Rhythmic Breathing, Breathing for relaxation
		Rhythmic breathing, as well as correct concentration and meditation, can bring about a great change in both your physical and mental state and serve as a step toward spiritual unfolding.
		Rhythmic breathing is done in the same way as deep breathing, but it is timed to the rhythm of your heartbeat.
		The yogi rule for rhythmic breathing is that the units of inhalation and exhalation should be the same, while the units for retention and between breaths should be half that of inhalation and exhalation; that is, a ratio of 2:1:2:1.
	www.holistic-online.com /Yoga/hol_yoga_breathing-Rhythmic.htm (1003 words)

	Rhythmically Discharging Basal Forebrain Units Comprise Cholinergic, GABAergic, and Putative Glutamatergic Cells -- ...
		) and moreover to discharge in rhythmic high-frequency
		I: unit discharge of basal forebrain neurons in association with hippocampal (Hipp) and prefrontal cortex (PF) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during spontaneous slow irregular activity (prestimulation) and continuous somatosensory stimulation (stimulation) that induced cortical activation and rhythmic activity (A-D).
		The cross-correlated discharge of the rhythmic basal forebrain
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/2/1057 (5703 words)

	Rhythmic - Qwika
		Rhythmic gymnastics The 5 apparatus: Clubs, Rope, Ball, Hoop, Ribbon Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which single...
		Rhythmic gesture A rhythmic gesture is a durational pattern which, in contrast to a rhythmic unit, does not occupy a period of...
		Rhythmic unit A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies...
	www.qwika.com /find/Rhythmic (461 words)

	Rhythmic patterning of conversational speech
		Previous research by Buder (1986, 1991, 1996) has produced examples of rhythmic patterning in acoustic speech parameters of fundamental voice frequency and intensity (pitch and loudness) that appear to explain the timing of speech behaviors in both partners in dyadic (two-person) conversations.
		We have begun analyses of pilot data suggesting that in conversations between same-gender strangers, the patterns of rhythmic integration, or "synchrony," are quite similar in both languages.
		Time-series analysis of conversational prosody for the identification of rhythmic units.
	www.ling.gu.se /~anders/dialogue.html (423 words)

	Rhythmic unit - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Rhythmic unit - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level, as opposed to a rhythmic gesture.
		Metric: even-note patterns, such as steady eighth notes or pulses.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rhythmic_unit (97 words)

	Music Therapy Research - Language Disorders
		The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of singing instruction and rhythmic instruction on the rate and verbal intelligibility of neurologically impaired persons.
		This study used rhythmic units such as: quarter-notes, quarter rest, half-note, triplet, and sixteenth-note pattern with verbal elements to improve the verbal rhythmic and intonation accuracy of hearing impaired children.
		Rhythmical Intention in this study was used to improve motor skills of 24 male children ages 6 through 8.
	www.uwec.edu /rasarla/Research/litandgoals/Other/language_disorders.htm (5776 words)

	Visual Collocation
		It is doubtful that such kinetic units have a fixed or univocal meaning which can be established independently of their cross-modal relations with other features of the text as a whole.
		It is important that multimodal text transcription show how meaningful units of the text are chunked and, hence, recognised by observers on the basis of their organisation into rhythmic units, the integration of such units into still higher units, and the transition points or the boundaries between units.
		In the transcription, accented units are indicated by a single asterisk in round brackets, () before the syllable or other unit* in question; extra prominence is indicated by two asterisks in round brackets, again before the given unit, (**).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jaylemke/courses/DA_MxM/Readings/Thibault_texttra22.htm (16993 words)

	05.01.06: A Curriculum Unit in Poetry for Vocational Students
		What informs this unit is the all-too-real understanding that perhaps the senior and junior years in a vocational school represent the last chance for teachers to immerse students in modes of language that go beyond the pragmatic, and touch the power and beauty of language in the service of art.
		This unit is designed to enable eleventh and twelfth grade vocational students to recognize, to appreciate and to use the features of poetry that are most accessible to them, especially in the generation of their own verse.
		The goal of the unit is to establish appreciation of poetry by means of exposure to a number of poets who have written poems in a variety of forms on familiar vocation-related subjects and on the theme of work in general.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/nationalcurriculum/units/2005/1/05.01.06.x.html (8779 words)

	Time: The Final Frontier
		The distinctness with which hypertextual rhythmic units are articulated depends primarily on the degree of disjunction that the content of a node or period has from the material preceding and following it and the degree of closure with which it ends.
		This may create a regular sequence of rhythmic periods articulated every few nodes by the move from one thread to another, regardless of the exact order in which fragments are encountered.
		The inherent rhythmic tendencies are more likely to be determined by such factors as the length of paths and the density of links rather than whether the structure forms a contour, a counterpoint, or a split-join.
	directory.wordcircuits.com /comment/htlit_6.htm (3001 words)

	Tuplet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tuplets produce irrational rhythms or may be used as polyrhythms when played against the regular duration.
		Three triplets can fill one beat to the same unit that 2 notes of the usual kind would.
		Eighth note triplets: 3 of these make a quarter note; if the bottom number of a time signature is 4, this is one beat.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/tu/tuplet.html (153 words)

	Discharge Properties of Juxtacellularly Labeled and Immunohistochemically Identified Cholinergic Basal Forebrain ...
		rhythmic discharge (from the ACH) and cross-correlated EEG rhythmic
		Note the change from an irregular discharge pattern to a rhythmic burst-like discharge pattern in addition to the increased rate of discharge and in association with a change in EEG activity with stimulation.
		Note with stimulation the appearance of cross-correlated EEG and unit rhythmic activity with a peak frequency of ~2 Hz, which did not correspond to the prominent EEG rhythmic slow activity or spectral peak but did correspond to a secondary peak in the EEG power spectrum.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/4/1505 (7728 words)

	GlassPages: The Works
		The Indian musician, on the other hand, works with much larger units that are created by bringing smaller units together which have a structure different from that of larger units they finally form.
		The overlapping and interweaving of rhythmic structures, and the almost total lack of harmonic development, lend the music a slow, curiously hypnotic effect, but can also produce passages of great drama, a factor which Glass has put to use in film soundtrack music.
		Rhythmic units fly by with such speed that it takes a player considerable concentration not to get lost.
	www.glasspages.org /works.html (2543 words)

	A Synthesis of Styles: The Music of Isaac Albéniz
		Its rich harmonic vocabulary, rhythmic complexity, extensive dynamic range, and the ambitiousness of its architectural design are indeed praiseworthy; and in most respects, Iberia is a quantum leap forward from Albéniz's earlier works in the nationalist style.
		Twelve-beat compáses, or "rhythmic cycles", as they are sometimes called, are the foundation of many of the most famous Andalusian songs and dances, including those which Albéniz emulated.
		The rhythmic accents (compás) are similar to that of a siguiriyas, the most jondo of all flamenco rhythms.
	www.lib.umd.edu /PAL/YALE/albeniz4.html (2761 words)

	Note Groups and Compas
		In previous discussions, we have taken the basic unit of rhythm to be the beat (in general, the quarter note); meter and measures are defined by grouping these beats together in various combinations of 2's (for the 2/4, 4/4 rhythms) or 3's (for the 3/4, 6/8 rhythms).
		Counting is appropriate for rhythmic units of note group duration or greater (chord phrasing, slow arm and floor movements, cante phrasing); it is used to count out the meter, number of compases to a section, number of sections in a dance, etc.
		In units of time shorter than a beat, however, it is difficult to say the syllables of the words very quickly, and for note groups it is often more convenient to use mnemonics.
	members.aol.com /BuleriaChk/private/compas/groups.htm (1334 words)

	Sleep-Wake Related Discharge Properties of Basal Forebrain Neurons Recorded With Micropipettes in Head-Fixed Rats -- ...
		Judged by the relationship of the average discharge rate to the instantaneous firing frequency for the maximal discharge state, a number of units were distinguished as having a distinctly phasic discharge pattern (in fl).
		The unit discharge is analyzed for instantaneous firing frequency (from the peak of the primary mode of the ISIH, D) and rhythmicity of discharge (from the ACH, E).
		phasic, rhythmic units discharged in bursts or clusters of spikes
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/2/1182 (8829 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the description of the rhythmic patterns of speech texts the basic unit was defined as a rhythmic structure, or RS, understood as one or several syllables of words (both significative and auxiliary) united by a single primary word stress.
		From the point of view of an integral perception of rhythm in synchrony in Czech, it can be represented as a dot-and-dash line where dots correspond to equally stressed vowels (syllables) and dashes to specifically emphasized sounds (syllables) that are a result of phonological length, wide vowels, syllable-forming sonorants and RS final position.
		Dynamics (diachrony) and relative statics (synchrony) of the rhythmic organization are characterized by the universal unit: two- and three-syllable structures (classes) with certain variability of types within these two classes.
	www.philol.msu.ru /~potapov/index.htm (1115 words)

	Amazon.com: Teaching Rhythmic Gymnastics: A Developmentally Appropriate Approach: Books: Heather C. Palmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With Teaching Rhythmic Gymnastics, you can add variety to your gymnastics and rhythmic units; start a rhythmic gymnastics club; or introduce a safe, enjoyable alternative to traditional gymnastics programs.
		She discovered rhythmic gymnastics at the age of 19 (the time of her retirement from competitive artistic gymnastics), and she has been actively promoting the sport ever since.
		She is certified as a level 3 coach in Canada’s highly regarded National Coaching Certification Program and as a course conductor for level 1 and 2 technical courses in rhythmic gymnastics.
	www.amazon.com /Teaching-Rhythmic-Gymnastics-Developmentally-Appropriate/dp/0736042423 (1376 words)

	DURATION : Encyclopedia Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Often duration is described according to terms borrowed from descriptions of pitch.
		Durational patterns are the foreground details projected against a background metric structure, which includes meter, tempo, and all rhythmic aspects which produce temporal regularity or structure.
		Duration patterns may be divided into rhythmic units and rhythmic gestures.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Duration (174 words)

	A Comparative Investigation into the Intonation of Rhyt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The aim of this thesis is to compare the intonation patterns of sentence-medial rhythmic units in Korean Japanese and English under reading style.
		The intonation features of the final two syllables of rhythmic units were examined in Korean and Japanese, while in English those of the initial function words and content words of rhythmic units were investigated.
		One was designed to find out the intonation of rhythmic units in a natural situation and the other to investigate that of rhythmic units in an artificial situation, in which speakers were asked to read materials pausing only at the marked boundaries, with a view to identifying the intonation of each language more clearly.
	plaza.snu.ac.kr /~linguist/thesis/1992MS-yis-L.html (362 words)

	The locust frontal ganglion: a central pattern generator network controlling foregut rhythmic motor patterns -- Ayali ...
		Inset on left shows 5 overlaid sweeps triggered by the large unit in the PPN trace, demonstrating 1:1 relationship between this unit and the muscle activity.
		Other PPN units appear to be unaffected by this early unit (see, for instance, the return to low spiking rate between the early PPN activity and the main burst).
		FG; a spontaneous rhythmic motor pattern was generated by FG neurons in the total absence of descending or sensory inputs.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/18/2825 (4285 words)

	ZBM Performance
		Rather than being a function of rhythm, ictus is the aural device that extracts rhythmic shape from a succession of sounds; its placement depends entirely upon the metrical framework imposed by the performer or poet/composer.
		The nature and intensity of rhythmic flexibility, an essential component of the oral poet’s idiolect, is left to the artist’s discretion and musical sensitivity.
		With line 33, the process of motivic and rhythmic change at an increased tempo continues as line 33’s pitch variant (B flat for A natural) sounds again in 34, which is varied further by changes in rhythm and time signature.
	www.oraltradition.org /zbm/music (8552 words)

	NewMusicBox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The times I visited Conlon Nancarrow—the reclusive composer of 51 rhythmically complex studies for player piano—in Mexico City, he'd occasionally take me to a new music concert at the University of Mexico.
		Not much of a musical philosopher, he had a pretty simple criterion for his musical tastes: if a piece was rhythmically complex he liked it, and if it was rhythmically simple he didn't.
		Under their influence, Cage developed the idea of macro-/microcosmic rhythmic form, whereby a series of phrase lengths (such as 2 1/2 - 1 1/2 - 2 - 3 - 1/2 - 1 1/2 in his String Quartet of 1950) replicates the formal proportions of the work as a whole.
	www.newmusicbox.org /page.nmbx?id=31tp04 (855 words)

	[No title]
		There are seven basic talas combining units of one beat (anudrutam), two beats (drutam) or several beats (laghu).
		Analogous to the tala system, rhythmic units are built from groups of 2, 3 and sometimes 4 beats.
		Orchestrated after being first published as piano duets, they owe their immense popularity to the rhythmic freedom, swings between high spirits and melancholia, and the recreation of gypsy dance steps and the passionate performances of gypsy musicians on the violin and cimbalon.
	members.tripod.com /Chamber_Music/rhythm.doc (1020 words)

	Short Term Memory
		The middle is composed of units which can have a variety of rhythmic patterns, but which are usually either [quick quick slow] or [quick quick slow slow].
		This reduces the rhythmic complexity of Tango to a [slow slow] unit followed by a series of rhythmic chunks.
		It would also help to know that each rhythmic unit ends in a specific direction relative to a diamond: walking steps (facing in from home), first fan (facing in from first), second fan (facing in from third), tango close (facing out to line of dance).
	www.exploredance.com /shorttermmemory.html (944 words)

	Note Values
		This pulse in music is used as one of the measuring units when notating music into a written form.
		In compound meter a dotted note equals the beat and the rhythmic style is one in which each beat has a three-part subdivision.
		A note is a symbol to play a tone on an instrument, while a rest is a symbol instructing the player to be silent for a specific rhythmic duration.
	www.guitarland.com /Music10/MusFund/Note_Values/NoteVals.html (2169 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Time Signatures and Meter
		Time signatures compounded from smaller units, for example 4/4 next to 3/4, appear in music where the bars alternate, in this case with four and three crotchets in alternate bars.
		The rhythmic detail in chant follows from the words and so a musical line with the words written above or below the notated line would suffice to guide the singer.
		During the 1930s, Messiaen took rhythmic ideas from India (deci tala), ancient Greece and the Orient and developed ametrical rhythm, describing it in a treatise published in 1944.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory4.htm (3547 words)

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