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Ribonuclease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ribonuclease, abbreviated commonly as RNase, is an nuclease that catalyzes the breakdown of RNA into smaller components. RNase A (e.g., bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A: PDB 2AAS, EC 3.1.27.5) is one of the hardiest enzymes in common laboratory usage; one method of isolating it is to boil a crude cellular extract until all enzymes other than RNase A are denatured. RNase H is a ribonuclease that cleaves the RNA in a DNA/RNA duplex to produce ssDNA. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ribonuclease   (626 words)

Genetic Vaccines and Therapy | Full text | Characterization of the ribonuclease activity on the skin surface   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonuclease activity was visualized by staining the gel with washing buffer supplemented with 0, 2%(w/v) toluidine blue O (Sigma, Munich, Germany) and destaining with washing buffer. Ribonuclease activity was assayed at 37°C in PBS (pH7, 2) by co-incubation of 0, 16 μg/ml of mRNA or 166 nM of 18-mer homopolymers and the indicated final dilution of ribonuclease preparations. Since a similar specificity was observed for the major ribonuclease extracted from mammalian's epidermis [38,39] we anticipate that the utilization of C-low RNA may be a method to increase the efficacy of RNA-therapies delivered transcutaneously, intradermally or subcutaneously. www.gvt-journal.com /content/4/1/4   (4966 words)

Ribonuclease inhibitor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The outer layer is composed of α-helices and the inner layer of parallel β-strands. Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a large (~450 residues, ~49 kDa), acidic (pI ~4.7), leucine-rich repeat protein that forms extremely tight complexes with certain ribonucleases. The affinity of RI for ribonucleases is perhaps the highest for any protein-protein interaction; the dissociation constant of the RI-RNase A complex is roughly 20 fM under physiological conditions while that for the RI-angiogenin complex is even smaller (<1 fM). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ribonuclease_inhibitor   (668 words)

Ribonuclease A variants with potent cytotoxic activity -- Leland et al. 95 (18): 10407 -- Proceedings of the National ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A; EC 3.1.27.5) catalyzes the cleavage of RNA (1). Agarose gel-based assay of ribonuclease inhibition by hRI. The cytotoxic potency of a ribonuclease correlates with the presence of ribonucleolytic activity in the cytosol. www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/18/10407   (5437 words)

Science Report 2006-2007 The University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonuclease is an enzyme that degrades RNA, which is an essential cell function. Scientists have known since the 1950s that mammalian ribonuclease is toxic to certain types of cancer, but only in quantities too large to be useful from a clinical standpoint. Subsequent work with frog ribonuclease has led to a new drug, Onconase, which is now in Stage III human trials for treating lung cancer. www.cals.wisc.edu /sciencereport/2006toxicInAGoodWay.html   (1323 words)

TB #152: Choice of Ribonucleases for a Ribonuclease Protection Assay Ribonuclease protection assays (RPAs) are a technique used for detection and quantitation of specific RNAs. The method is based on the ability of ribonuclease to specifically degrade single-stranded RNA while leaving intact a labeled antisense RNA probe that is hybridized to its target. Ribonuclease protection assays are more sensitive than Northern blots for the detection of mRNAs, more tolerant of partially degraded RNA, and are able to distinguish between transcripts of multi-gene families that co-migrate on Northern blots. www.ambion.com /techlib/tb/tb_152.html   (1532 words)

Worthington Ribonuclease Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase I) catalyzes cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the 5'-ribose of a nucleotide and the phosphate group attached to the 3'-ribose of an adjacent pyrimidine nucleotide forming a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate which may then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding 3'-nucleoside phosphate. Ribonuclease B has a molecular weight of 14,700 ± 300 daltons. It is a glycosylated derivative of RNase A. Ribonuclease is inhibited by heavy metal ions and it is competitively inhibited by DNA. www.worthington-biochem.com /RNASE/cat.html   (520 words)

Toward the Design of Ribonuclease (RNase) Inhibitors: Ion Effects on the Thermodynamics of Binding of 2'-CMP to RNase A ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonucleases (RNases) possess a variety of biological activities and, under certain conditions, are deleterious. Anderson DG, Hammes GG and Walz FG, Jr (1968) Binding of phosphate ligands to ribonuclease A. Biochemistry 7: 1637-1645 Beintema JJ, Fitch WM and Carsana A (1986) Molecular evolution of pancreatic-type ribonucleases. jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/301/3/925   (3284 words)

Changing the net charge from negative to positive makes ribonuclease Sa cytotoxic -- Ilinskaya et al. 11 (10): 2522 -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) A superfamily that are inhibited by ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) The smallest microbial ribonuclease is RNase Sa, a ribonuclease Klink, T.A. and Raines, R.T. Conformational stability is a determinant of ribonuclease A cytotoxicity. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/10/2522   (2205 words)

His ··· Asp Catalytic Dyad of Ribonuclease A: Histidine pKa Values in the Wild-Type, D121N, and D121A Enzymes -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonuclease-A: least-squares refinement of the structure at 1.45 Å resolution. Microenvironments of histidine-12 and histidine-119 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. Biochim. Energetics of catalysis by ribonucleases: fate of the 2',3'-cyclic intermediate. www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/3/1571   (3928 words)

Regulation of ribonuclease expression by estradiol in Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog) -- Tang et al. 30 (14): 3286 -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) The coding regions of six bullfrog ribonuclease genes were cloned into pGEM-T vectors and used as DNA templates (1 ng each) with pairs of RC-RNase and RC-RNase L1 specific primers for PCR amplified with 30 cycles. Ribonuclease activities of tissue extracts (ovary, 0.1 µg; serum, 3 µg; liver, 1.5 µg) at different maturation stages and purified ribonucleases (0.025 µg each) were assayed by RNA-casting 13.3% SDS–PAGE and Toluidine blue O staining. Rosenberg,F.F., Zhang,J., Liao,Y.D. and Dyer,K.D. (2001) Rapid diversification of RNase A superfamily ribonucleases from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/14/3286   (3824 words)

Nucleases: Ribonuclease A (RNase A), DNase-free The Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is an endoribonuclease that specifically degrades single-stranded RNA at C and U residues. It cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the 5'-ribose of a nucleotide and the phosphate group attached to the 3'-ribose of an adjacent pyrimidine nucleotide. Inhibitors: the most potent inhibitor is a ~50kDa protein from cytosol of mammalian cells, e.g., RiboLock™ Ribonuclease Inhibitor, Ribonuclease Inhibitor (from human placenta). www.fermentas.com /catalog/modifyingenzymes/ribonucleasea.htm   (451 words)

McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Ribonuclease   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) A number of plant ribonucleases catalyze similar reactions but are relatively nonspecific with regard to the nature of the base moiety. On the other hand, a ribonuclease from Bacillus subtilis appears to require purine rather than pyrimidine bases as part of the susceptible nucleotides. Differences in specificity for the site of cleavage have led to the use of these various ribonucleases as tools in determining the structure and chemistry of RNA. www.accessscience.com /Encyclopedia/5/58/Est_588900_frameset.html   (217 words)

Other Proteins: Ribonuclease Inhibitor   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) The Ribonuclease Inhibitor inhibits the activity of RNases A, B and C by binding them in a non competitive mode at a 1:1 ratio. DTT is required to ensure Ribonuclease Inhibitor stability during long term storage, but it is not necessary for inhibitor activity. Polakowski, I.J., et al., A ribonuclease inhibitor expresses anti-angiogenic properties and leads to reduced tumor growth in mice, Amer. www.fermentas.com /catalog/modifyingenzymes/ribonuc_inhib.htm   (291 words)

Major Interference from Leukocytes in Reverse Transcription-PCR Identified as Neurotoxin Ribonuclease from Eosinophils: ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonucleases and host defense: identification, localization and gene expression in adherent monocytes in vitro. Structural characterization of the N-glycans of the kidney, liver and spleen enzymes by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. Ribonuclease activity associated with human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein. www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/45/4/465   (3330 words)

Crystal structure of the RNA component of bacterial ribonuclease P : Nature Ribonuclease P is the sole endonuclease responsible for processing the 5' end of tRNA by cleaving the precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It is a true multi-turnover ribozyme and one of only two ribozymes (the other being the ribosome) that are conserved in all kingdoms of life. Here we show the crystal structure at 3.85 Å resolution of the RNA component of Thermotoga maritima ribonuclease P. The entire RNA catalytic component is revealed, as well as the arrangement of the two structural domains. www.nature.com /nature/journal/v437/n7058/abs/nature04074.html   (392 words)

Ribonuclease k6: Chromosomal Mapping and Divergent Rates of Evolution within the RNase A Gene Superfamily -- Deming et ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Ribonuclease k6 (RNase k6) is a recently identified member of the RNase A superfamily, a group of otherwise divergent proteins (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), the most likely linear arrangement of these ribonucleases can be inferred; those listed in circular fashion cannot be placed in a definitive order with respect to one another with the information available. Two highly homologous ribonuclease genes expressed in mouse eosinophils identify a larger subgroup of the mammalian ribonuclease superfamily. www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/8/6/599   (3463 words)

The exo- or endonucleolytic preference of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A depends on its subsites structure and on the ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) McPherson, A., Brayer, G.D., Cascio, D., and Williams, R. The mechanism of binding of a polynucleotide chain to pancreatic ribonuclease. Moussaoui, M., Guasch, A., Boix, E., Cuchillo, C.M., and Nogués, M.V. The role of non-catalytic binding subsites in the endonuclease activity of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. Biol. Thompson, J.E., Venegas, F.D., and Raines, R.T. Energetics of catalysis by ribonucleases: Fate of the 2`,3`-cyclic phosphodiester intermediate. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/117   (4720 words)

[No title] RNace-it™ ribonuclease cocktail is a mixture of two RNases: RNase A and a nonspecific RNAse from Aspergillus oryzae. The combined action of these ribonucleases results in the degradation of RNA into small oligoribonucleotides. RNA Degraded with RNace-It™ Ribonuclease Cocktail Lane 1: untreated boiling miniprep DNA. www.stratagene.com /products/displayProduct.aspx?pid=376   (171 words)

Worthington Ribonuclease T1 Ribonuclease T1 Ribonuclease T1 is an endoribonuclease, highly specific in its mode of attack. Ribonuclease T1, because of its specificity, has been a commonly used cleavage enzyme for the determination of structure, nearest neighbor frequencies, and sequence of RNA (Miura and Egami 1960; Rushizky and Sober 1962; Miura 1964; Holley et al. Stability: It was observed by Takahashi (1966) that ribonuclease T1 was resistant to trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion. www.worthington-biochem.com /RT1/default.html   (2260 words)

The Ribonuclease Protection Assay: A Powerful Tool for the Veterinary Pathologist -- Rottman 39 (1): 2 -- Veterinary ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Representative ribonuclease protection analysis of brain chemokine mRNA expression from CCR1+/+ and CCR1-/- mice with EAE. Radioactive signals on this polyacrylamide gel were measured, and the data are presented in Table 3. Ribonuclease protection analysis of brain CD4 lymphocyte infiltration in mice at various times during the clinical course of EAE. www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/39/1/2   (2864 words)

Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA of the planctomycetes -- Butler and Fuerst 54 (4): 1333 -- International ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Butler, M. K., Wang, J., Webb, R. and Fuerst, J. Molecular and ultrastructural confirmation of classification of ATCC 35122 as a strain of Pirellula staleyi. Guerrier-Takada, C., Gardiner, K., Marsh, T., Pace, N. and Altman, S. The RNA moiety of ribonuclease P is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Harris, M. E., Kazantsev, A. V., Chen, J.-L. and Pace, N. Analysis of the tertiary structure of the ribonuclease P ribozyme-substrate complex by site-specific photoaffinity crosslinking. ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/4/1333   (5436 words)

ribonuclease - OneLook Dictionary Search ribonuclease, ribonuclease (pancreatic) : Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition [home, info] ribonuclease, ribonuclease (Bacillus subtilis), ribonuclease (pancreatic) : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info] Phrases that include ribonuclease: ribonuclease d, des ribonuclease, pancreatic ribonuclease, poly specific ribonuclease, ribonuclease p, more... www.onelook.com /?w=ribonuclease   (185 words)

Nucleases: Ribonuclease T1 The Ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) is an endoribonuclease that specifically degrades single-stranded RNA at G residues. It cleaves the phosphodiester bond between 3'-guanylic residues and the 5'-OH residues of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of corresponding intermediate 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates (1). The Ribonuclease T1 does not require metal ions for activity. www.fermentas.com /catalog/modifyingenzymes/ribonucleaset1.htm   (308 words)

InterPro: IPR001900 Ribonuclease II and R   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) This group of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins represent both characterized and related sequences to exoribonuclease II (RNase II)and ribonuclease R; a bacterial 3' --> 5' exoribonuclease homologous to RNase II [ 1, 2, 3 ]. Mian I.S. Comparative sequence analysis of ribonucleases HII, III, II PH and D. Nucleic Acids Res. Zilhao R. Camelo L. Arraiano C.M. DNA sequencing and expression of the gene rnb encoding Escherichia coli ribonuclease II. www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001900   (3070 words)

Pretransitional Structural Changes in the Thermal Denaturation of Ribonuclease S and S Protein -- Stelea and Keiderling ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Labhardt, A. An equilibrium folding intermediate detected in the thermal unfolding of ribonuclease S by circular dichroism. The preparation of subtilisin-modified ribonuclease and the separation of the peptide and protein components. Thermal effects on the circular dichroism spectra of ribonuclease A and of ribonuclease S-protein. www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/83/4/2259   (6193 words)

TH2-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammation Leads to the Differential Expression of Ribonuclease Genes by Alveolar Macrophages ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Evolution of antiviral activity in the ribonuclease A gene superfamily: evidence for a specific interaction between eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN/RNase 2) and respiratory syncytial virus. Gene structure and enzymatic activity of mouse eosinophil-associated ribonuclease 2. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human ribonuclease (RNase k6): increasing diversity in the enlarging ribonuclease gene family. ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/6/678   (5872 words)

PIR-PSD Database [PIR - Protein Information Resource] View TITLE pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5) precursor [validated] - bovine ALTERNATE_NAMES ribonuclease 1; ribonuclease A ORGANISM #formal_name Bos primigenius taurus #common_name cattle DATE 24-Apr-1984 #sequence_revision 05-Aug-1994 #text_change 09-Jul-2004 ACCESSIONS S00897; I45998; A32471; A00804; A92018; A61293; S53757; S05528 REFERENCE S00897 #authors Carsana, A.; Confalone, E.; Palmieri, M.; Libonati, M.; Furia, A. #journal Nucleic Acids Res. Purification and properties of three ribonucleases from bovine parotid gland. Specific reactions of ribonuclease with N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone and silver ion. pir.georgetown.edu /cgi-bin/nbrfget?uid=NRBO   (562 words)

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