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	Ricercar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A ricercar (or ricercare; the terms are interchangeable) is a type of late Renaissance and mostly early Baroque instrumental composition.
		Yet ricercars fall into two general types: a predominantly homophonic piece, with occasional runs and passagework, not unlike a toccata; and a sectional work in which each section begins imitatively, usually in a variation form.
		Some works which are indistinguishable from fugues were called "ricercars" even as late as Bach, with the difference that the note values were generally longer and the character slightly more serious.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ricercar (391 words)

	Fugue -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It was not until the 16th century that fugal technique as it is understood today began to be seen in pieces, both instrumental and vocal.
		Fugal writing is found in works such as fantasias, ricercares and canzonas.
		The fugue arose from the technique of "imitation", where the same musical material was repeated starting on a different note.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fu/fugue.htm (3445 words)

	BTA - Telematic Bulletin of Art / Texts / bta00186.html
		After this date the ricercare for three voices seems to become a genre cultivated only in isolated local areas as, for example, Verona (Vincenzo Ruffo, 1564; Giovanni Bassano, 1585), for to be retaken at Naples in the beginning of seventeenth century (Ascanio Maione, 1603 and 1606).
		Concluding, the Sermonetan ricercare has to be considered as an example of the so-called "formal syncretism" that, from about 1570, appeared to be a new stylistic device in the instrumental production of the sixteenth century
		Yet Willaert, in his ricercares of 1551, had never broken the melodic flow in counterpoint of lines, even when he had used, for example, a subject rhythmically similar to the second Sermonetan soggetto, conserving thus the stylistic unity of his music.
	www.bta.it /txt/a0/01/en/bta00186.html (4604 words)

	AMARCORDES - Mayone
		Mayone recognized the novelty of his keyboard music, and wrote in the preface to his book of 1609: ‘Let him not be scandalized and adjudge me little observant of the rules of counterpoint.
		His ricercares, although composed in a conservative contrapuntal style, are among the first to employ the same theme or themes throughout, and thus call to mind Frescobaldi’s fantasias of 1608; they are original in their melodic and rhythmic transformations of themes.
		Three of the ‘ricercares’ in the book of 1609 are based on cantus firmi: one on Ave maris stella and two on La spagna.
	www.amarcordes.ch /compositeurs/mayone.htm (503 words)

	AMARCORDES - De Macque
		Macque’s instrumental and keyboard works embrace a wide range of forms, including ricercares, canzonas, capriccios, variations on the Ruggiero and a toccata a modo di trombetta.
		His ricercares are based on multiple subjects which are stated in the opening exposition.
		The Ricercare del 8 tono con quattour fughe from his second book (preserved only in manuscript copies) served as a model for Frescobaldi’s Recercar nono: Obligo di quattro soggetti (1615).
	www.amarcordes.ch /compositeurs/macque.htm (1014 words)

	Ricercares by Vincenzo Galilei
		However, to transcribe them for blown (as distinct from plucked) wind instruments (an obvious undertaking, given the subtitle) one must discern the order in the mass of notes, grouping them in voices that progress logically while employing only the notes that are there.
		In addition to the above, the so-called "Tierce de Picardie" is posible at most closes, and all but obligatory at the final close, as the slight discordance of a minor third was considered an unsatisfactory end to a piece.
		Like their classical and medieval counterparts, renaissance musical theorists associated each mode with a specific 'ethos' or mood, much as we today tend to associate music in minor keys with sadness or gravity and that in major keys with happiness and lightheartedness.
	www.recorderhomepage.net /galilei.html (2472 words)

	Ligeti at Stanford and Berkeley
		The first, the Ricercare per organo: Omaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi, was composed in 1953 while the composer was still teaching at the Franz Liszt Music Academy in Budapest.
		Inspired by the 17th century ricercares of Frescobaldi, this work was also Ligeti's response to 12-tone concepts, although cold war politics had prevented him from hearing any music by Schoenberg or his students.
		Ligeti's work was followed by a genuine Frescobaldi ricercare for the sake of comparison.
	www.mcnabb.com /music/pubs/ligeti.html (1832 words)

	[No title]
		This distinction is imprecise and misleading because many fantasias and ricercares contain musical material derived from vocal models, usually without attribution.
		In comparatively rare instances a fantasia or ricercare names the title of its model, such as lute music composer Jean-Paul Paladin's Fantasia sopra Quand'io penso al martir', a fantasia based on Arcadelt's madrigal Quand'io penso al martir', or Paladin's Fantasia sopra Ave sanctissima, based on Sermisy's motet Ave sanctissima.
		These two works demonstrate the wide variety of compositional techniques used by fantasia composers in their approach to borrowing from vocal models, ranging from brief oblique references to lengthy passages of exact quotation.
	www.music.indiana.edu /borrowing/browseuv.html (1715 words)

	Musical Offering
		The Musical Offering (1747) provides numerous examples of Bach's interest in pervasively imitative forms: there are two keyboard ricercares (for three and six voices respectively), and ten canons of various types.
		Bach is said to have improvised the three-voice ricercare before the King, and then written out the entire Musical Offering after his return to Leipzig.
		Last in the Art of Fugue, this fugue is formed from the letters of Bach's name.
	www.bachcentral.com /offer.html (172 words)

	Jakub Reys (Jacques le Polonois)
		He created interesting dissonances through the use of suspensions and retardations of melodic notes, especially at cadences.
		Many of his fantasias are clearly variational ricercares; interestingly, they appeared in the Thesaurus harmonicus at about the same time as Frescobaldi´s variational ricercares, showing that the form appeared in both lute and keyboard music simultaneously.
		Rey´s galliards (of which only four are extant) were especially admired by his contemporaries.
	goto.glocalnet.net /oljelund/lutenists/reys.html (338 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		He was the first to use independent pedal parts, including fugue subjects in the pedal line.
		He took many important forms from around Europe, including the Italian ricercar and the English virginal style, expanding and developing them in ways unknown before.
		In fact, many of his pieces contain the embryo of the fugue form, later perfected by J. Bach.
	www.byu.edu /music/areas/keyboard/Organ/composers/sweelinck.html (150 words)

	Concordia embarks on a National Tour
		The viol consort Concordia directed by Mark Levy with seven singers and the harpsichord and lute of Gary Cooper and David Miller embark on a national tour from 15 October to 1 November.
		In a programme of dialogues, madrigals, fantasias, ricercares, and lute songs by Adrian Willaert, Claudio Merulo, Cipriano da Rore, Baldassare Donato, Girolamo Bassano and Andrea Gabrieli himself, Concordia use here an expanded line-up: seven voices and seven instruments.
		Having provided music for the National Gallery's recent Titian exhibition, Concordia is working here with speakers and art historians to create an unusual presentation including spoken introductions and projections of Venetian artworks to provide a vivid sense of time and place.
	www.goldbergweb.com /en/news/unitedkingdom/2003/10/13927.php (138 words)

	Hawthorns Music Title List
		These four ricercares, included in Palestrina's 'complete works' but whose ascription to Palestrina is questioned, work very well on recorders.
		The composer tells us that it is the story of a party of visiting football supporters who come to Newcastle for the match and leave defeated.
		Pachelbel's: Ricercare in C arranged by Greg Lewin.
	www.hawthornsmusic.co.uk /catpages/4part.htm (2115 words)

	Goldberg Variations by Andrew Rangell at jsbach.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Rangell's liner notes are also of interest, especially for their discussion of whether and when to play the repeats.
		His Bach is entertaining and he is able to hold the listener's interest throughout.
		No repetition is made at all, but the Toccata in F-sharp minor and two Ricercares from the Musical Offering compensates for it.
	www.jsbach.org /rangellgoldbergvariations.html (242 words)

	Kjos Concert Band Music 04-05
		Substantial doubling and cross-cueing is included throughout the score allowing for good performances even with less than the full instrumentation.
		Originally a composition of an introductory nature, ricercares later became “free” compositions resembling fugues.
		This work is a series of imitative episodes based on the opening English horn motive and features syncopation and meter changes.
	www.kjos.com /band/conser_ed04-05.html (362 words)

	DVD4Music.com: DVD: Musical Offering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Bach's late masterpiece 'The Musical Offering' (1747) is a musical homage written on the occasion of Bach's visit to King Frederick The Great of Prussia.
		It is a rare blend of different chamber music pieces with two ricercares (three or six-part figures), a trio sonata and elaborate canons.
		In this recording, the ricercare á 6 is also played in the orchestration of the trio sonata, lucidly conjuring up the picture of the musical soirée at the Prussian court.
	www.dvd4music.com /onlineshop/details/awaiting17-3512582-1.html (130 words)

	TOHU veBOHU
		What we see today - wars, genocide, perversion of justice, ethnic cleansing, violations of human rights and dignity - is ample evidence that Man did not succeed and that mankind has yet to fulfil its mission on earth.
		Each band brings in its own musical material (klezmer, Arabo-Andalusian themes, ricercares, passacaglias etc.) and offers it to the others, as a support for their creativeness and as a stimulus to improvise in their own styles.
		Our musical 'Tohu-veBohu' should produce a luminous and joyful atmosphere, able to engender a feeling of reverence and being at one.
	borzykowski.users.ch /EnglMCTohu.htm (135 words)

	Froberger organ works 74321853222 [ChA]: Classical Reviews- February 2002 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On the other hand, the capriccios are lively and sparkly but they also lack a rhythmic unity between the different tempi of the sections.
		The so-called ‘Hexachord Fantasia’ (UT RE MI FA SOL LA) and the ricercares, which have a very firm design, are played with a very nice articulation that reveals this design.
		The Toccata alla Levatione - written for liturgical use- is the highlight of this recording for its analogous dignity and calmness.
	www.musicweb-international.com /classrev/2002/Feb02/Froberger_organ.htm (559 words)

	Fantasias and Ricercares of the 16th and 17th Centuries [Songbook] by Erich Katz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Fantasias and Ricercares of the 16th and 17th Centuries [Songbook] by Erich Katz
		Fantasias and Ricercares of the 16th and 17th Centuries [Songbook]
		Your message and email address will be sent to the person selling the item and the two of you take it from there!!
	www.lovedstuff.com /allpag/157300.html (148 words)

	Amazon.com: Bach: The Goldberg Variations: Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The disc pairs the Goldberg Variations with the F-Sharp toccata and two ricercares from the Musical Offering.
		Predictably of Rangell, the Variations are among the most original and subtly shaded of any outside the Tureck-Gould tradition.
		As for the toccata and the ricercares, I haven't been so taken aback by a Bach performance since the days I was discovering Glenn Gould's recordings years ago and later when hearing Sviatoslav Richter's Well Tempered Clavier.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000001Q8L (402 words)

	Re: Mudarra's bordon
		I put it off for 20 years and then lived it with it exclusively for a week and found it no biggy.
		I started with single line pieces such as Francesco's canon and then worked my way into dances w/ simple bass lines and then on to the ricercares.
		Eventually I saw all the same patterns I remembered from French tab and it just fell into place.
	www.mail-archive.com /lute@cs.dartmouth.edu/msg11127.html (1178 words)

	Johann Pachelbel ORGAN WORKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Remarkably prolific, Pachelbel composed in a variety of musical genres in a lucid, uncomplicated style.
		This new collection assembles a rich selection of the composer’s organ works, including 72 chorale settings composed for the Lutheran ritual, and 48 nonliturgical works, among them toccatas, fugues, preludes, ricercares and fantasias.
		Reprinted here from the authoritative Breitkopf & Härtel edition, edited by Max Seiffert, these time-honored compositions will be welcomed by organists at every level of accomplishment.
	www.midi-classics.com /p1537.htm (256 words)

	Boutique en ligne de partitions pour ORGUE : Meilleures ventes
		Unsurprisingly, interest in his music has remained constant and today he is widely considered one of the greatest and, indisputably, one of the most productive composers of all time.
		This new collection assembles a rich selection of the composer's organ works, including 72 chorale settings and 48 nonliturgical works, among them toccatas, fugues, preludes, ricercares and fantasias.
		Reprinted here from the authoritative Breitkopf and Hartel edition, edited by Max Seiffert, these venerable compositions will be welcomed by organists at every level of accomplishment.
	www.free-scores.com /boutique/boutique-bestseller.php?CATEGORIE=220 (1488 words)

	Search results from JISC collections/services database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Change search terms or start a new search
		Dewey 21 > Arts & recreation > Music > Instruments and their music > General principles, musical forms, instruments > Musical forms > Contrapuntal forms > Fancies and ricercares
		Searched for: Fancies and ricercares (Dewey No: 784.1876)
	hiltpilot.cdlr.strath.ac.uk /pilot/searchjiscdb.php?id=1390586&sense=1&text=Fancies%20and%20ricercares (45 words)

	Music of the Spheres
		Muffat then went to Salzburg as cathedral organist (1678-80) and fellow chamber musician with Biber at the Archbishop’s court.
		Domenico Gabrielli, a virtuoso cellist and composer active in Bologna, contributed seven ricercares for solo cello and two sonatas for cello and continuo.
		At this time, the cello was just beginning to come out of its traditional basso continuo role and into the limelight where violinists and trumpet players displayed their technical facility.
	www.sfems.org /spheres.htm (1498 words)

	Willaert & Musica Nova (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Willaert or Segni: Ricercare XXII / Appendix 1 (organ)
		The Musica Nova of 1540 consists of 21 ricercares written out in four separate part-books and intended "for the organ or other instruments" and this performance chooses the common practice of pairing keyboard instruments in many of them.
		To page of FAQ citation for this disc; alternate location
	www.medieval.org /emfaq/cds/svs33355.htm (307 words)

	Rowe Boat: Our Musical Activities
		In addition to recorders, Yvonne has played keyboards, trombone, and euphonium as well while Norm has played oboe, trombone, euphonium, and alto saxophone.
		Norm has also arranged a number of pieces for the group, including some Scott Joplin rags, Andrea Gabrieli ricercares, and more.
		The September 2004 performance included his arrangement (for violin, viola, cello, recorder quintet, alto saxophone, and piano) of the "Swan Lake Prelude" from Tchaikowsky's ballet.
	www.geocities.com /normrowe/music.html (1568 words)

	[No title]
		Gene Griswold I may be barking up the wrong tree but by ricercares do you mean Recercadas del Trattado de Glosas of 1553.
		If you do mean these then there is an excellent CD of Jordi Savall with Ton Koopman (not as bad as earlier reviewers might lead you to believe !), Lorenz Duftschmid and Rolf Lislevand on Astree E 8717 together with a very good note in the CD booklet.
		Is that the Charbonnier edition of the ricercars (which, last time I looked, cost in these here United States nearly as much as the editions of the entire work cited above, although it did have better page turns--and reduced note values, which I really do not care for).
	www.wu-wien.ac.at /earlym-l/logfiles/earlym-l.log9603a (16067 words)

	Literature and Styles in Music II
		Also toccatas, variation ricercares, but in more "modern," tonally-focused style
		3 part improvisation; ten canons; trio sonata; ricercare a' 6
		Contains: four simple fugues (2 on inversion of subject); three stretto fugues (the 2nd a French Overture in style; the third with the theme simultaneously in augmentation and diminution); 2 double fugues, 3 triple fugues; 2 retrograde (mirror) fugues; 1 quadruple fugue
	www.uwgb.edu /ogradyt/ls2/bach.htm (1724 words)

	cdscom18mel.html
		2 Ricercares, Mozart-Variations, Violin Concerto 1, Cello Concerto
		Fantasia, 2 Ricercares, Second Quartet, Set me as a seal, Opus 111, Song of Songs
		CD1: 2 Akhmatova Songs, 3 Mandelstam Songs, Hymn to Spring, Frozen Time, La malinconia (String Quartet 10), The Night Demons.
	website.lineone.net /~dmitrismirnov/cdscom18mel.html (450 words)

	SBF Glossary: RF to RKO
		Latin, `At the King's Command, the Song and the Remainder Resolved with Canonic Art.' (This puns on
		ricercar.) Inscribed on a page preceding the first sheet of music sent by J. Bach to King Frederick the Great as a ``Musical Offering'' [musikalisches Opfer] after his visit to the king's court in 1747 (where Bach had improvised on a theme proposed by the king and developed in the Opfer).
		Various plural forms of the word were used in English: ricercare, ricercares, ricercari, ricercars.
	www.plexoft.com /SBF/R02.html (6233 words)

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