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Topic: Richard IV of England

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	Kings Of England - A Chronological list of the British Monarchy.
		Eldest son of Edward II Richard II Son of the Black Prince, eldest son of Edward III
		Edward IV His grandfather was Richard, son of Edmund, son of Edward III
		Son of Mary Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret
	www.scotlandroyalty.org /kings.html (284 words)

	Henry IV Of England - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		(1367-1413), king of England, son of John of Gaunt, by Blanche, daughter of Henry, duke of Lancaster, was born on the 3rd of April 1367, at Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire.
		After his return to England he sided with his father and the king against Gloucester, and in 1397 was made duke of Hereford.
		He was at once joined by the Percies; and Richard, abandoned by his friends, surrendered at Flint on the 19th of August.
	87.1911encyclopedia.org /Henry_IV_Of_England (1352 words)

	Richard II
		Richard II (January 6, 1367 – February 14, 1400) was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".
		Richard had the Earl of Arundel, leader of the Lords Appellant, arrested, but Richard's small army led by de Vere was overpowered by the forces of the Lords Appellant outside Oxford, and Richard was apprehended in the Tower of London.
		Richard also lacked the thirst for battle of his grandfather: his Scottish campaign in 1385 was not decisive, and he signed a 28-year truce with France in 1396 which was hugely unpopular at home in spite of the dividends that peace brought to the kingdom.
	www.the-world-in-focus.com /Europe/England/Royal_Family/richardii.html (1411 words)

	Richard I of England Summary
		Richard officially proclaimed his nephew, the son of Geoffrey, Arthur of Brittany, as his heir, and Tancred promised to later marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was only four years old at the time).
		Richard, who had removed some of his chainmail, was wounded in the shoulder by a crossbow bolt launched from a tower by Basile, as the King laughed at the man's ingenuity in using a frying-pan as a shield.
		Richard's bowels were buried at the foot of the tower from which the shot was loosed, his heart was buried at Rouen, while the rest of his remains were buried next to his father at Fontevraud Abbey near Chinon and Saumur, France.
	www.bookrags.com /Richard_I_of_England (6481 words)

	Richard III of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Richard III (October 2 1452 - August 22 1485) was the King of England from 1483 until his death and the last from the House of York.
		Richard spent much of his childhood Middleham Castle where he later made his married He was involved in ongoing battles between alliances of the House of Lancaster and the House of York factions during the last half of 15th Century.
		At the time of his father's at the Battle of Wakefield Richard was still a boy and taken into the care of Richard Neville Earl of Warwick known to history as "The Kingmaker" of his strong influence on the course the Wars of the Roses.
	www.freeglossary.com /Richard_III_of_England (2373 words)

	Richard III of England : QuicklyFind Info
		Richard III (October 2, 1452 - August 22, 1485) was king of England from 1483 (crowned on July 6) to 1485.
		Richard was born at Fotheringay Castle, the fourth son of Richard, Duke of York (who had been a strong claimant to the throne of King Henry VI) and Cecily Neville.
		A lasting mystery surrounding the accession of Richard was the disappearance and presumed death of Richard's nephews, known as the Princes in the Tower.
	www.quicklyfind.com /info/Richard_III_of_England.htm (2067 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Richard I, King of England
		Richard I, born at Oxford, 6 Sept, 1157; died at Chaluz, France, 6 April, 1199; was known to the minstrels of a later age, rather than to his contemporaries, as "Coeur-de-Lion".
		But other quarrels followed between Richard and his father, and it was in the heat of the most desperate of these, in which the astuteness of Philip Augustus had contrived to implicate Henry's favourite son John, that the old King died broken-hearted, 6 July, 1189.
		Richard was induced to surrender England to the Emperor (as John a few years later was to make over England to the Holy See), and then Henry conferred the kingdom upon his captive as a fief at the Diet of Mainz, in Feb., 1194 (see Bloch, "Forschungen", Appendix IV).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13041b.htm (1515 words)

	HENRI IV FRANCE - ENGLAND
		William the Conqueror's son Henry was born in England in 1068 and ruled from 1100 until 1135 as Henry I of England.
		Henry IV of England was born in 1366 and became King of England and Aquitaine in 1399.
		Charles I of England married Henrietta Maria of France, daughter of Henri IV of France and Marie de Medici.
	www.henri-iv.com /england.htm (826 words)

	Edward IV of England Summary
		Born at Rouen on April 28, 1442, Edward IV was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville.
		Edward of York was born on April 28, 1442, at Rouen in France, the second son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (a leading claimant to the throne of England) and Cecily Neville.
		Indeed, it was only this exclusion of George's descendants that allowed Richard III to ascend the throne, and after the death of his son Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, Richard considered his nephew John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, to be his heir, again excluding the Clarence branch.
	www.bookrags.com /Edward_IV_of_England (3169 words)

	Making Sense of English Law Enforcement in the 18th Century
		The shift in the early 19th century towards punishment by imprisonment and law enforcement by paid police, and the later shift to public prosecution, were driven by discontent with the performance of the existing institutions.
		In 18th century England a system of professional police and prosecutors, government paid and appointed, was viewed as potentially tyranical and, worse still, French.
		Another puzzle worth exploring is the use of imprisonment in England for minor offenses-the relation between the existence of the workhouse and the bridewell and the non-existence of the penitentiary.
	www.daviddfriedman.com /Academic/England_18thc./England_18thc.html (10798 words)

	Richard II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Richard II, born in 1367, was the son of Edward, the Black Prince and Joan, the Fair Maid of Kent.
		Richard was captured by Bolingbroke in Wales and brought captive to London, where on September 30, 1399, he formally resigned his crown.
		Richard was secretly confined in Pontefract Castle, where he either died of starvation or was murdered in February 1400.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /England1/richard.htm (1204 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Lancastrians > Henry IV
		Henry IV spent much of the early part of his reign fighting to keep control of his lands.
		Exiled for life by Richard II in 1399, Henry's successful usurpation did not lead to general recognition of his claim (he remained unrecognised as King by Charles VI of France).
		An outbreak of the plague in 1400 was accompanied by a revolt in Wales led by Owen Glendower.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page52.asp (191 words)

	England
		The history of England all throughout the Middle Ages is one, long, almost uninterrupted set of conflicts engendered by the attempt to convert feudalism into monarchy.
		For England and the rest of Europe, the Death meant a startling decrease in labor and a subsequent rise in the value of labor.
		By 1460, however, Richard controlled the government and, in an incredibly audacious move, declared himself to be king of England since Henry was both unfit and was the descendant of a usurper.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/ENGLAND.HTM (5600 words)

	Catherine GORDON
		In Jul 1495, however, the supposed 'Duke of York' - Richard, the second son of King Edward IV of England who was generally thought to be dead - arrived in Scotland, from across the Irish Sea, in search of support for his cause: the taking of his rightful place upon the Throne of England.
		In Jan 1503, she was among the company assembled at Richmond Palace to witness the betrothal of the King's daughter, Princess Margaret, to King James IV of Scotland.
		Seven years later, Henry VIII of England granted, to Lady Catherine, a number of lands centred on Fyfield in North Berkshire, which had belonged to the attainted Earl of Lincoln; but only on condition that she should not go out of England, either to Scotland or elsewhere, without Royal license.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/CatherineGordon.htm (1184 words)

	The Richard III and Yorkist History Server
		Excerpts from her history of England, a hilarious juvenile send-up of the Ricardian controversy, written in November 1791 when she was sixteen.
		6 (excerpts from the reign of Edward IV; the reigns of Edward V and Richard III).
		Sharon D. Michalove, "The Reinvention of Richard III." Paper presented at the conference 'Reinventing the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Constructions of the Medieval and Early Modern Periods,' sponsored by the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, February 17, 1995, in Tempe, Arizona.
	www.r3.org /bookcase (1478 words)

	Neville
		In 1492 Richard and George debated the issue before Edward IV, and then took it to Parliament, which agreed to the marriage and decreed that Warwick esates be partitioned betweed the brothers.
		Isabel was secretly married by her uncle George Neville, archbishop of York, to George, 3rd Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV and Richard, 3rd Duke of Gloucester (the future Richard III), at Calais on july 11th 1469.
		Sixth Baron Neville (1388-1425); 1st Earl of Westmorland (1397-1425); Marshal of England (1399); Knight of the garter (1402); warden of the western marches (1403); Joint warden for the northern marches.
	members.tripod.com /jmcnevin/id15.htm (802 words)

	Law - Oxford University Press - Transforming the Law
		Richard Susskind is an independent adviser to global professional firms and to national governments.
		Richard has a First Class Honours Degree in law from Glasgow University and a doctorate in law and computers from Balliol College, Oxford.
		Now available in a paperback edition, law and technology guru Richard Susskind brings together in one volume thirteen significant essays on the application of IT to legal practice and the administration of justice, including key topics such as knowledge management and the impact of e-commerce and electronic government.
	www.oup.co.uk /law/practitioner/richardsusskind (851 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: England
		Richard I of England: Charter by Which Many Liberties are Granted and Confirmed to the Jews, 22 March, 1190
		Henry III of England: Complaints of Heavy Taxation, 1230 Matthew of Westminster: Simon de Montfort's Rebellion, 1265.
		Plantagenet, Richard: The Statutes Ordained by Richard Duke of Gloucester, for the College of Middleham, July 4, 1478.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/sbook1n.html (1994 words)

	SparkNotes: Richard II: Act V, scenes iv-vi
		A groom who has remained faithful to Richard comes in unexpectedly to wish Richard well and tell him how grieved he is to behold the former king's fall, but he cannot cheer the grieving king.
		Richard, wary, bids the keeper taste of it first as he usually does (to prove it is not poisoned), but the keeper says that he cannot--one Sir Pierce of Exton, who has come to see him, has forbidden it.
		Richard's syntax is obscure, but his general idea is clear: he tends strongly towards nihilism, the idea that there is no purpose or value to existence.
	www.sparknotes.com /shakespeare/richardii/section14.rhtml (1152 words)

	Henry V of England information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the time of his birth during the reign of Richard II Henry was fairly far removed from the throne, preceded by the King and another preceding collateral line of heirs, and the precise date and even year of his birth are not definitely recorded; the September 1387 date appears most commonly quoted.
		The late king Richard II of England was honourably reinterred; the young Mortimer was taken into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered in the last reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates.
		Save for the Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer, involving Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of King Edward IV of England) in July 1415, the rest of his reign was free from serious trouble at home.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Henry_V_of_England (1908 words)

	Henry IV, king of England: Seizure of Crown from Richard
		A kingdom in crisis: Henry IV and the battle of Shrewsburry: Alastair Dunn discusses the battle and its repercussions in its 600th......
		Mind of an assassin: Ravaillac and the murder of Henry IV of France.
		The Kings' mother: Joanna Laynesmith examines claims that Edward IV was a bastard and tells the dramatic story of his mother, Cecily......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0858596.html (378 words)

	Royal Coats of Arms; Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles, Prince William
		Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) -- In 1198, his great seal bore a single rampant lion, but his shield was "Gules three lions passant guardant," the three lions reportedly representing England, Normandy, and Aquitaine.
		Anne -- In 1707, the arms of England and Scotland were moved to the first and fourth quarters, the arms of France in the second, and the arms of Ireland in the third.
		The arms of England then occupied the first and fourth quarters, the arms of Scotland the second, and the arms of Ireland the third.
	www.fleurdelis.com /royal.htm (713 words)

	Henry IV, king of England: Seizure of Crown from Richard
		He supported the king when Richard took his revenge on three of the “lords appellant,” including Gloucester, and was made duke of Hereford in 1397.
		The irate duke, taking advantage of Richard's absence in Ireland and the widespread dissatisfaction with Richard's rule, landed in England in July, 1399.
		He gained ample support, and Richard, who surrendered to him in August, was forced to abdicate.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0858596.html (230 words)

	Play Shakespeare.com :: The Ultimate Free Shakespeare Resource - King Richard III
		The play begins with Richard describing the accession to the throne of his brother, King Edward IV of England, eldest son of the late Richard, Duke of York.
		The atmosphere at court is poisonous: the established nobles are at odds with the upwardly-mobile relatives of Queen Elizabeth, a hostility fueled by Richard's machinations.
		Richard's language and undertones of self-remorse seem to indicate that, in the final hour, he is repentant for his evil deeds, however, it is too late.
	www.playshakespeare.com /content/view/113/139 (793 words)

	King Richard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although there was no King Richard IV of England, this title can sometimes refer to:
		Richard, Duke of York, one of the Princes in the Tower, who would have been Richard IV of England if he had lived
		The fictional King Richard IV of England from Blackadder
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_Richard (133 words)

	Act 2 scene 3 comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We never hear of Prince Hal in this play, but since Richard takes Aumerle with him to Ireland and it was customary for Kings to take, almost as hostages, the sons of important nobles, and undoubtedly, Richard would have taken with him Bolingbroke's son Henry.
		And, in fact, in Henry IV part 1, Henry IV (Bolingbroke) will be engaged in a civil war against Northumberland and his son, Harry Percy or Hotspur, because they did not feel he valued or rewarded them enough for their aid in getting the throne for Henry IV.
		Bolingbroke uses the same argument that York had used as an argument to Richard, that the law of primogeniture is the basis for all inheritance, even Richard's claim to the throne.
	daphne.palomar.edu /christine/e250/Richard2/Rich2-3com.htm (382 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook:
		Richard, by the grace of God, King of England, duke of Normandy, andc., to his archbishops, bishops, andc., greeting:
		IV.-And if they are appealed by any one without a witness let them be quits of that appeal on their own oath upon their book [of the Law] and let them be quits from an appeal of those things which pertain to our crown on their own oath on their roll [of the Law].
		And if there be any dissention between a Christian and any of the aforesaid Jews or their children about the settlement of any money, the Jew shall- prove -the capital and the Christian the interest.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1190richard1-charterjews.html (430 words)

	AboutFilm.Com - Richard III (1995)
		Standing in Richard's way are his elder brothers, King Edward IV and Clarence, as well as Edward's sons, who are all ahead of Richard in the line of succession.
		The real Richard did usurp the throne and was almost certainly responsible at least for the death of Edward's eldest son.
		Annette Bening is Elizabeth, the wife of Richard's older brother Edward IV.
	www.aboutfilm.com /movies/r/richardiii.htm (713 words)

	Amazon.com: Royal Blood: Richard III and the Mystery of the Princes: Books: Bertram Fields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Prominent entertainment attorney Bertram Fields uses his legal expertise to analyze the life and times of Richard III in Royal Blood, shining a light on that most ambiguous and important period of English history, the years of the 15th century between the War of the Roses and Richard's bloody death at Bosworth Field.
		Among the many surprises is Fields's suggestion that Richard did not commit what is widely understood to be his most atrocious crime: the murder of his nephews, the Woodville Princes.
		Fields sprinkles this erudite look at 15th-century England with enough informative asides to make the complexities of the Wars of the Roses a little less overwhelming (e.g., the swashbuckling Sir Edward Brampton was the first Jew ever to be knighted).
	www.amazon.com /Royal-Blood-Richard-Mystery-Princes/dp/0060987383 (1412 words)

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