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	Whitcomb area rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richard Whitcomb, after an extensive series of wind tunnel tests at NASA's (then still NACA) Langley Research Center, realized that the Sears-Haack shaping had to apply to the aircraft as a whole, as opposed to the fuselage itself.
		Aircraft designed according to Whitcomb's area rule looked odd at the time they were first tested, and were dubbed "flying Coke bottles," but the area rule is indubitably effective and came to be an expected part of the appearance of any transonic vehicle.
		Whitcomb, Richard T.: A Study of the Zero-Lift Drag-Rise Characteristics of Wing-Body Combinations Near the Speed of Sound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whitcomb_area_rule (918 words)

	Concept to Reality
		Whitcomb theorized that the most obvious way to achieve this distribution was to remove the equivalent wing cross-sectional area from that of the fuselage cross-sectional area in the region of the wing; thereby the abrupt bump was avoided in area distribution.
		Whitcomb was subsequently awarded the coveted Collier Trophy for his discovery and the development of the area rule, and history has recorded numerous applications to military aircraft beginning with the U.S. Navy’s F11F Tiger, which almost flew faster than speed of sound without an afterburner in August 1954.
		At the time of Whitcomb’s discovery of the area rule, the dominant theme of the user community for both military and civil aircraft was “higher, faster, and farther.” Therefore, having successfully applied the area rule to military aircraft in the 1950s and 1960s, Whitcomb turned his efforts to potential applications for subsonic civil transports.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Concept2Reality/area_rule.html (3016 words)

	[No title]
		Whitcomb lived for months in a log house, while her husband prosecuted his work in the south and west.
		Whitcomb's diary of events and places, of personal interviews and experience would be of interest, as he was a careful observer of men and things, but they cannot be introduced here.
		Whitcomb had traveled more or less extensively in twenty-two of the states, and by such limited means of conveyance as was afforded at that early date.
	members.aol.com /lwhitcomb/ljwanc/d0/i0001031.htm (994 words)

	Whitcomb area rule -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Making the fuselage narrow considerably at these areas was suggested by Richard Whitcomb after an extensive series of tests at (An independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight) NASA's (then still (additional info and facts about NACA) NACA) (additional info and facts about Langley Research Center) Langley Research Center.
		One of the most famous was Whitcomb's personal work on the re-design of the (additional info and facts about F-102 Delta Dagger) F-102 Delta Dagger, which was demonstrating performance considerably worse than expected.
		A (additional info and facts about Messerschmitt) Messerschmitt project appears to have been designed specifically with drag reduction in mind, but their complex double-boom design was never built even to the extent of a model.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wh/whitcomb_area_rule.htm (669 words)

	Dictionary : Richard_Whitcomb
		In the 8-foot High-Speed Tunnel in April 1955, Richard Whitcomb examines a model designed in accordance with his transonic area rule.
		Richard T. Whitcomb was born in Evanston, Illinois.
		Whitcomb is an internationally known aerodynamicist, receiving numerous awards.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/Whitcomb/DI118.htm (250 words)

	The Whitcomb Area Rule: NACA Aerodynamics Research And Innovation
		Whitcomb had developed a reputation as something of a "Wunderkind" at Langley because of his unique combination of knowledge and intuition about airflows; a combination that undoubtedly contributed to his discovery of the area rule.
		Whitcomb's first research memorandum on the area rule would not be published for another month, but he had completed his tests on the various wing-body combinations using indented fuselage shapes.
		Whitcomb's area rule was not one of a number of potential solutions; it was the only approach anyone had developed that had proven itself capable of overcoming that barrier.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4219/Chapter5.html (7432 words)

	WPI - Transformations: Winged Victory
		Whitcomb's other gift, just as instrumental to his success, is his tremendous drive, which gave him the desire to find solutions and the will to work hour after hour, year after year, to make them reality.
		Whitcomb arrived at the Langley Research Center at a perfect time for someone with his skills and a desire to "have an impact." NACA was ramping up its work in support of the war effort.
		Later, Whitcomb's design for a "supercritical" wing advanced the state of the art even further, and his winglets--though slow to be adopted by a somewhat intransigent airline industry--greatly improved aerodynamic efficiency.
	www.wpi.edu /News/Transformations/2002Fall/whitcomb.html (2643 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Area Rule and Transonic Flight
		To illustrate the point, four of Whitcomb's experimental models are drawn above, representing a simple cylindrical fuselage, the same fuselage with wings attached, a bulged fuselage, and a "pinched" fuselage with wings.
		What Whitcomb discovered was that the addition of wings to the basic cylinder produced twice as much drag as the cylinder alone.
		Whitcomb's research was a major breakthrough in supersonic aerodynamics and had an immediate effect on the design of the aforementioned F-102 fighter.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/aerodynamics/q0104.shtml (944 words)

	WPI News & Events - Events
		Richard Whitcomb has a long and distinguished career in the aerospace industry, specifically in the area of high-speed aircraft design.
		In the 1950s he was the head of the Langley Research Center in Virginia, where his discovery of the area rule and the supercritical wing became a legend in the aerospace community.
		Whitcomb will speak about his career and the importance of government research laboratories.
	www.wpi.edu /News/Events/Various/whitcomb.html (156 words)

	PCN On-line News - Plumas County California -
		Ron was born on Jan. 18, 1945, to Eugene and Mildred Whitcomb in Napa.
		Richard had a longtime affiliation with the Masonic Lodge and was a member of the Plumas Lodge No. 60 Free and Accepted Masons and served as Master of Pomona Lodge No. 246 in 1983.
		Richard is survived by his wife of more than 20 years, Bonnie of Meadow Valley; his children, Carol Wynn-Rathbun of Salem, Ore., Dan Redwine of Santa Rosa, Robert Redwine and Norma Mason both of Lake Havasu, Ariz., and Denise Schmidt of Santa Maria; and seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
	www.plumasnews.com /news_story.edi?sid=1687&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 (2427 words)

	Agua Tibia Peak, Eagle Crag, Brown Mountain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Well, Richard showed off his fireman's form by pushing two smallish trees off the trail, leaving some thirty-five others for his future trips.
		Richard and I rambled to Brown Mtn from Eaton Saddle, installed a new register can for his list completion, and then took out his cellphone to call in to Santa Ana.
		We ran back to Richard's truck, then down to La Cañada where the call was placed 15 minutes after the meeting had begun, but with the voting on hold.
	angeleschapter.org /hps/archives/hps01379.htm (496 words)

	November 15, 1994 Sigma Series Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A breakthrough occurred when Dick Whitcomb, an aeronautical engineer working at the Langley Research Center, conceived the area-rule for reducing the drag at sonic speeds by changing the cross-sectional area of the fuselage.
		In this talk, Dr. Whitcomb will recall the frustrations and excitment of discovery during his years at the Langley Research Center in pursuit of efficient transonic flight.
		Richard T. Whitcomb obtained a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering (aeronautical) "with high distinction" from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1943.
	shemesh.larc.nasa.gov /Lectures/sigma/s-941115.htm (395 words)

	Hard Time
		They tell him about their experience inside the prison camp but he doesn't believe them, pretty sure that he will be out soon.
		Richard talks to Kid about him trying to warn Hinton about the danger of their escape plans.
		When Kid asked him what he meant, Richard didn't answer.
	www.geocities.com /theyoungriders2_tv/DAYS/1ep14.html (522 words)

	Descendants of Richard-3 WHITNEY [Richard-2, John-1] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Stow, Middlesex, MA; Richard Whitney of Stow, husbandman, appointed guardian of Joshua Whitney, in his 16th year, and Sarah Whitney, in her 20th year; Marriage banns for she and Capt.
		Stow, Middlesex, MA; calculated from age on guardianship bond; her estate was probated 29 Feb 1723/24 Stow, Middlesex, MA; guardian bond posted by Richard Taylor of Sudbury, husbandman, and Richard Whitney of Stow, as surety, as guardian of Ruhamah Whitney, in her 18th year, and Hephzibah Whitney, in her 13th year; d.
		Hannah Whitcomb before 1715 Stow, Middlesex, MA; Marriage banns for he and Hannah (--?--) were published 26 Oct 1745 Stow, Middlesex, MA; d.
	www.whitneygen.org /families/johnw/john27.html (3391 words)

	Richard Kline & Floyd Fogleman: Airfoil (US Patents 3,706,430 & 4,046,338)
		Richard Kline, a New York advertising-firm art director, had no idea he was about to start such a stir when, in 1968, he sat in his kitchen table in Mount Vernon, NY to make a paper airplane for his 6-year old son, Gary.
		This wing, invented by Richard Whitcomb and patented by NASA in 1976, permits planes to fly close to the sound barrier without being buffeted by turbulence on top of the airfoil.
		If so, government officials, firmly wedded to Whitcomb’s design, may be trying to sharpen the distinction between the two ideas by downplaying the airworthiness of the Kline-Fogleman prototype.
	www.rexresearch.com /klinfogl/klinfogl.htm (8802 words)

	Concept to Reality
		Whitcomb, Richard T.: Research on Methods for Reducing the Aerodynamic Drag at Transonic Speeds.
		Whitcomb, Richard T.; and Sevier, John R., Jr.: A Supersonic Area Rule and an Application to the Design of a Wing-Body Combination With High Lift-Drag Ratios.
		Whitcomb, Richard T.: A Fuselage Addition To Increase Drag-Rise Mach Number of Subsonic Airplanes at Lifting Conditions.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/Concept2Reality/bibliography.html (2410 words)

	Everingham Records
		Laura married Richard Whitcomb and they had a daughter June who married George Ackerman.
		Upon graduating from H.S., I joined the U.S.A.F. and attended basic training at Lackland A.F.B., San Antonio, TX, radio training at Keesler AFB Biloxi, MS, and was stationed at Sewart AFB south of Nashville, TN.
		Richard remains unmarried and lives in Nashville, TN.
	www.everingham.com /family/data2/rec0016.htm (841 words)

	NASA - Supercritical Wing Changed Airline Industry
		At NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia, Richard Whitcomb visualized a new wing shape with a flattened upper surface that minimized a drag-inducing shockwave that had hobbled airliners at high speeds.
		Whitcomb's theory was brilliant, but the proof was in actual flight test.
		The eloquent simplicity of a change in shape provided drag reduction that would add up to millions of dollars in fuel savings each year as airlines equipped their fleets with supercritical-winged aircraft.
	www.nasa.gov /missions/research/superfly.html (221 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Induction \| 2003 Inductees \| Supercritical Wing
		The solution, which subsequently came to be known as the "area rule," redirected the air over the wings through a more streamlined aircraft fuselage and eventually allowed for a supersonic Air Force.
		Following the concept of the "area rule," Whitcomb designed a new aircraft wing that increased the range, speed and fuel efficiency of the jet.
		In the mid-1970s, Whitcomb invented the winglet, which are small, wing-like surfaces located at the end of aircraft wings that provide for greater efficiency.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_3_0_induction_supercrit.asp (126 words)

	(Ancel WHITCOMB - Richard Watson WHITCOMB ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Julia Eliza WHITCOMB -- to -- Lewis WHITCOMB
		Moses WHITCOMB -- to -- Olive Russel WHITCOMB
		Polly WHITCOMB -- to -- Richard Watson WHITCOMB
	www.aemyers.net /genealogy/index/ind1103.html (175 words)

	The General Dynamics B-58 Hustler
		One important design feature was presently added in the form of "area ruling", a concept devised by engineer Richard Whitcomb of the US National Advisory Committee for Aviation (NACA), the primary predecessor organization of the modern US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
		Whitcomb's area ruling was based on the concept that an aircraft would have better supersonic performance if there were as little change as possible in its cross-sectional area along its length.
		This meant that as the wing span increased, the fuselage diameter shrank, resulting in a "wasp-waist" or "Coke bottle" configuration that not only improved performance but generally improved an aircraft's appearance as well.
	www.vectorsite.net /avb58.html (4320 words)

	KC-135 ECN-11353: KC-135A in flight - winglet study
		In 1979 and 1980, Dryden was involved with general aviation research with the KC-135.
		A special wingtip "winglet", developed by Richard Whitcomb of Langley Research Center, was tested on the jet aircraft.
		Winglets are small, nearly vertical fins installed on an airplane's wing tips to help produce a forward thrust in the vortices that typically swirl off the end of the wing, thereby reducing drag.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/photo/KC-135/HTML/ECN-11353.html (393 words)

	Names Index Page
		Whitcomb, Edgar C. Whitcomb, Edith A. Whitcomb, Edmond A. Whitcomb, Edmund Hubbard (16 DEC 1815-UNKNOWN)
		Whitcomb, Laura A. Whitcomb, Laura A. Whitcomb, Laura Eliza (8 FEB 1828-UNKNOWN)
		Whitcomb, Mary A. Whitcomb, Mary A. Whitcomb, Mary Alnette (-UNKNOWN)
	home.maine.rr.com /sladenfamily/names29.html (1206 words)

	Louis Whitcomb's Home Page
		Tomohide Naniwa, Suguru Arimoto, Louis L. Whitcomb, and Yun-Hui Liu.
		Louis Whitcomb, Dana R. Yoerger, and Hanumant Singh.
		Tomohide Naniwa, Suguru Arimoto, Louis L. Whitcomb, Y. Liu, and J. Fujiki.
	robotics.me.jhu.edu /~llw (5245 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Richard died 8 Oct 1827 in Dorchester, Suffolk, Massachusetts, at age unknown.
		Richard Whitcomb and Susan Litchfield had the following children:
		Eliza Ann Whitcomb was born 29 Nov 1811.
	members.aol.com /lwhitcomb/ljwanc/d0/i0000890.htm (53 words)

	richard brewster - ResearchIndex document query
		Richard T. Whitcomb Receives First Jacobs Lectureship Award - The Jacobs
		Inaugural Jacobs Lectureship was awarded to Dr. Richard T. Whitcomb in recognition of his "lifetime of
		One such model is Alan Manne and Richard Richels' large scale deterministic macroeconomic
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /cis?q=Richard+Brewster (676 words)

	Aircraft Design Information Sources: Transonic Airfoil Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Richard T. Whitcomb, "Review of NASA Supercritical Airfoils," ICAS Paper 74-10, August 1974.
		Richard T. Whitcomb, "Transonic Airfoil Development," AGARD-R-712, 1983.
		It explains the aerodynamic thinking that was used to develop these airfoils.
	www.aoe.vt.edu /~mason/Mason/AeroTransonic.html (165 words)

	Business Wire: Eikos CEO Joe Piche to Receive NASA's Richard T... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eikos CEO Joe Piche to Receive NASA's Richard T. Whitcomb Aerospace Technology Transfer Award.
		Eikos, Inc., a developer, manufacturer and licensor of highly transparent carbon nanotube formulations for conductive coatings and of specialty high performance polymers, today announced that its founder and CEO, Joe Piche, will receive the prestigious Richard T. Whitcomb Aerospace Technology Transfer Award.
		All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:115699441&refid=ink_tptd_np (410 words)

	richard kunze - ResearchIndex document query
		Modular Fault-Tolerant Protocols Matti A. Hiltunen Richard D. Schlichting TR 93-10 An Approach to
		Fault-Tolerant Protocols 1 Matti A. Hiltunen Richard D. Schlichting TR 93-10 Abstract Modularization
		An Environment for Exploiting Heterogeneity Richard P. LaRowe Jr.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /cis?q=Richard+Kunze (671 words)

	Henry Whitney Genealogical Database Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wetmore, Richard Whelpley (28 DEC 1834 - 28 MAR 1922)
		Whelpley, Richard Thomas (28 NOV 1820 - AUG 1862)
		Whitcomb, George H. Whitcomb, George Joseph (21 JUN 1923 - 17 JAN 1993)
	www.whitneygen.org /databases/Henry/Henry43.html (666 words)

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