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Topic: Richard Wrangham

	Richard Wrangham--Curriculum Vita
		1994 R.K. Malenky and R.W. Wrangham, C.A. Chapman and E.O. Vineberg.
		1999 C.A. Chapman, R.W. Wrangham, L.J. Chapman, D.K. Kennard, and A.E. Kaplan.
		2000 R.W. Ashford, G.D. Reid, and R.W. Wrangham.
	www.discoverlife.org /who/CV/Wrangham,_Richard.html (2292 words)

	The Net Net: ReadMe
		Wrangham uses some discussions of the ways the bonobos are different to support his argument that humans can, in fact, develop toward a less violent society and are, even, beginning to do so in some places.
		Wrangham and Peterson begin Demonic Males with a discussion of male bonding and lethal raiding among chimpanzees, and the primary difference between chimpanzee and bonobos seems to be that male bonding does not really take place among the bonobos.
		Wrangham and Peterson are careful to specify that labeling a behavior as "nature" is not necessarily to say that that behavior is "good" or intractable, and they are clearly appalled by the endemicity of violence across ape species.
	www.thenetnet.com /readme/males.html (774 words)

	Going ape
		While this scenario may sound nothing like modern human warfare, Wrangham insists that the motives for the assault were the same as those that drive conflicts among human societies: the acquisition of territory and resources, the enhancement of status, and the sheer will to conquer.
		Wrangham¹s theories, though, suggest that the inclination to commit extravagant atrocities is a part of our biological make-up ‹ a mechanism of natural selection.
		Furthermore, Wrangham says, the kind of low-risk warfare characterized by a group of chimps launching a surprise attack on an individual ‹ a common tactic among the animals ‹ is analogous to the low-risk warfare favored by America¹s modern military culture.
	www.unl.edu /rhames/courses/current/ape-war-wrangham.htm (2269 words)

	bookofjoe: Was the invention of cooking the single greatest technological advance in human history? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard Wrangham, professor of biological anthropology at Harvard University, believes that to be the case.
		Powell instantly understood Wrangham's point after her own experience of spending the bulk of her waking life juicing, dehydrating, and consuming massive amounts of raw foodstuffs in an effort to absorb sufficient nutrients from the unprocessed materials.
		Wrangham's theory is that the invention of cooking, widening the available range of digestible, nutritious foodstuffs, freed pre–humans to spend the time and brain power to do other things that led to becoming their eventually becoming human.
	www.bookofjoe.com /2005/09/was_the_inventi.html (423 words)

	How cooking may have warmed Homo erectus' hearth, heart / Anthropologist credits culinary arts for making us human
		Wrangham, who is renowned for his studies of chimpanzees, and of male aggression generally, proposes that the use of fire to cook food could date back almost 2 million years, a good 1.5 million years before the timing traditionally accorded it.
		Wrangham initially presented the theory in the December 1999 issue of Current Anthropology, in a paper written with James Holland Jones, David Pilbeam and NancyLou Conklin-Brittain of Harvard and Greg Laden of the University of Minnesota.
		Wrangham proposes that the need for people to gather food and bring it en masse to a kitchen-equivalent meant that thieves and cheats would have a comparatively richer opportunity to steal food.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/06/26/MN7122.DTL (1687 words)

	Wrangham
		Oswald Wrangham of the parish of Witton Gilbert, Co. Durham, and subsequently of Lumley, parish of Chester-le-Street?
		Richard Wrangham of Langton on the Wolds, East Riding of York, yeoman and milner.
		Portraits of both Esther Wrangham and her second husband were in possession of Canon John Francis Wrangham Hardy until his death in 199-.
	www.avendano.org /genealogy/wrangham.html (999 words)

	Edge: RICHARD WRANGHAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		RICHARD WRANGHAM is a professor of biology and anthropology at Harvard University who studies chimpanzees, and their behavior, in Uganda.
		His main interest is in the question of human evolution from a behavioral perspective.
		He is the author, with Dale Peterson, of Demonic Males: Apes, and the Origins Of Human Violence
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/bios/wrangham.html (51 words)

	NPR - Radio Expeditions: In Search of Congo's Bili Ape
		On board are two scientists -- Dr. Richard Wrangham of Harvard University and the Leakey Foundation, and Dr. Christophe Boesch of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig.
		Wrangham and Boesch explain both their interest in and skepticism about the puzzling reports from Bili.
		Wrangham is able to conclude that the Bili ape is not a gorilla, but rather a chimp.
	www.npr.org /programs/re/archivesdate/2001/mar/010326.biliape.html (748 words)

	IACP 2005 National Conference in Dallas, International Association of Culinary Professionals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard Wrangham is the Ruth Moore Professor of Anthropology, and Chair of Biological Anthropology, at Harvard University where he has worked since 1989.
		Wrangham received his Ph.D. in Zoology from Cambridge University in 1975, and was a Research Fellow at King’s College (Cambridge) from 1977 to 1980.
		Wrangham was awarded a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1987, and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
	www.iacp.com /events/national-temp/keynote.html (209 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The authors are Richard Wrangham, professor of anthropology at Harvard and a leading authority on primate behavior, and Dale Peterson, who has written a number of books on the subject.
		Wrangham and Peterson's point is that violence is neither new in human society nor unique to humans.
		Wrangham told an AP reporter that these matings might have a practical benefit for the females because the chimpanzees' world is dominated by ferocious battles for territory.
	www.plethora.net /~linsee/columns/columns1997/19970500_col_may-valley-times (4464 words)

	RICHARD WRANGHAM - 'Demonic Males' by Wendy Cavenett - BETWEEN THE LINES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The bonobos however, are far less violent and the big difference is that whereas in chimpanzee life males are - all of them - socially dominant to females, with the bonobos - even though the males are still physically bigger - females rule the roost.
		Like 'Demonic Males', Wrangham's tales of his time spent watching the chimps in the wild reek of the exotic smell of tepid foliage and the blistering sounds of primal screams.
		Wrangham views the male-dominated power-base of politics as a major contributor to the continual advantage men have in human society.
	www.thei.aust.com /isite/btl/btlindemonic.html (1555 words)

	Pennisi: Did Cooked Tubers Spur the Evolution of Big Brains? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Already this work, which Wrangham has presented at meetings, has provoked skepticism, for it challenges the current dogma that meat-eating spurred the evolution of Homo erectus, the 1.8- million-year-old species whom some anthropologists say was the first to possess many humanlike traits.
		But Wrangham and his Harvard team think a range of evidence, from archaeology to studies of primates and modern human societies, argues against that scenario.
		He says Wrangham's team "downplay[s] lots of sound evidence that we have [for meat-eating and fire use] and [accepts] at face value problematic evidence." A major problem for the theory, notes Hill, is that where there's cooking smoke, there must be fire.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Abstracts/Pennisi_99.html (2004 words)

	Does human nature necessitate war?--Sonya Una Sanchez
		Several well-regarded scientists including anthropologist Richard Wrangham and psychologist Steven Pinker have asserted the existence of evolutionary and genetic underpinnings to explain humans’ consistent engagement in violence despite cultural differences.
		By Patriarchy Wrangham and Peterson mean social organization marked by the disproportionate control of power by males.
		After arguing that the existence of patriarchy is evidence of a biological male tendency toward violence, such as that found in chimpanzees, the authors explore the ways in which human violence differs from violence in other primates.
	gseweb.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Sanchez_Sonya_WarHumanNature.htm (2327 words)

	COOKING AND HUMAN EVOLUTION
		Richard Wrangham, a Harvard professor of anthropology, attempts to explain why we are alive today and have not become extinct because we are so poorly designed.
		Wrangham proposes that humans have survived because they were able to cook almost 2 million years ago, or 1.5 million years longer than previous evidence suggested.
		Dr. Wrangham's theory suggests just the opposite -- that these are the very foods that allowed humans to develop into the small-jawed, small-gut, tall, large-brained, social animals we are today.
	www.drmirkin.com /nutrition/1147.html (669 words)

	Chimpanzee Behaviors Surprise Scientists
		Richard Wrangham has spent many years studying chimpanzees in Uganda.
		Wrangham and others favor the simplest explanation, that chimpanzees learn by imitation.
		Wrangham believes that chimpanzee behaviors, like human traditions, are constantly being invented and going extinct.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/1999/06.17/chimps.html (1156 words)

	Apes, humans share killing impulse - Campus News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Wrangham, invited to speak by Brown's Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, explained his theories before a near-capacity audience of 150 in Salomon 001 Thursday afternoon.
		Wrangham, who is also the director of Kibale Research Project in Uganda, came to his conclusions after analyzing results from chimpanzee observation projects from the past four decades.
		Wrangham said there is evidence that there were high killing rates between human societies as well.
	www.browndailyherald.com /media/paper472/news/2005/02/18/CampusNews/Apes-Humans.Share.Killing.Impulse-869644.shtml (729 words)

	Wrangham: notes
		Nandyke also tried to seize barley at Kirby Moorside and Richard Wrangham was one of the rioters, routers and disorderly persons who resisted the seizure.
		George Wrangham of Flotmanby, yeoman deceased who was the grandson of John Wrangham of Thorpe Bassett, gent deceased...'- (CM 280 433).
		She was the fifth daughter of Colonel Ralph Creyke of Marton Hall (born July 6th 1745 and buried at Bridlington May 3rd 1826) and his wife Jane (died December 31st 1794), 5th daughter of Richard Langley, Esq., of Wykeham Abbey.
	www.avendano.org /genealogy/wranghamnotes.html (3239 words)

	Lecture and Exhibit: Chimpanzee Cultures: New Findings from Kibale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard Wrangham, Harvard University, Director of the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda will discuss some startling new behavior exhibited by chimps at Kibale National Park in Uganda: club use or beating another individual with a stick.
		Richard W. Wrangham is the Ruth Moore Professor of Biological Anthropology at Harvard University and director of the Kibale Chimpanzee project in western Uganda.
		Wrangham is the author of over 100 books and articles, most recently Chimpanzee Cultures (1994) and (with Dale Petersen) Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence (1996).
	www.peabody.harvard.edu /wrangham.html (207 words)

	Edge: THE EVOLUTION OF COOKING
		According to Harvard biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham, almost two million years ago humans emerged from a stock of pre-human apes.
		Wrangham believes that humanity was launched by an ape learning to cook.
		One of Wrangham's central ideas is that we should cherish the parallels between humans and other great apes, because they help us to understand our own behavior.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/wrangham/wrangham_index.html (433 words)

	Richard Wrangham reviews The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit by Melvin Konner
		Richard Wrangham, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum 50B, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
		They were challenged by the vaunted leaders of neighboring fields such as geneticist Richard Lewontin and paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, evolutionists who for both scholarly and political reasons were scornful of the new pronouncements about human behavior.
		Wrangham, R. Review of The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit by Melvin Konner.
	www.human-nature.com /ep/reviews/ep0236.html (1580 words)

	The Leakey Foundation - News and Press Releases
		On Wednesday, May 28, Richard Wrangham, an expert on the relationship of human and ape behavioral evolution, will interpret the origins of human violence, comparing the behavior of humans with two of our closest primate relatives--bonobos and chimpanzees.
		Richard Wrangham joined the Biological Anthropology wing of Harvard University in 1989, after teaching in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) for eight years.
		Wrangham has conducted field research on the behavioral ecology of primates in Tanzania, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and has studied the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees in Uganda since 1987 as director of the Kibale Chimpanzzes Project.
	www.leakeyfoundation.org /newsandevents/n4_x.jsp?id=3107 (1539 words)

	Amazon.com: Demonic Males : Apes and the Origins of Human Violence: Books: Dale Peterson,Richard Wrangham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Wrangham's book (who I assume is responsible for its content, and Peterson for its prose) lies in chapters describing ape societies, and in his dismissal of romanticized visions of non-violent tribalism-NOT in his social critique equating male chimp and male human behaviors as near equivalent.
		Wrangham is correct in asserting that men commit most violent crimes around the world.
		One exception, Wrangham points out, is the incredible bonobo, a species of ape which evolved differently and enjoys a peaceful societal communion.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0395877431?v=glance (2634 words)

	Untitled Document
		I'm a great fan of Professor Wrangham, and my tip of the hat to his speculative theory that the human family unit began when humans experimented with the cooking of hard to digest vegatation.
		Wrangham's presentation was split into three sections: The interpersonal, the intrapersonal, and the Domestication silimiarities between chimps, humans, and bonobos.
		Wrangham believes that human males are in the early stages of a domestication period similar to the one that Bonobo males are currently unergoing, and that in the blink of an evolutionary eye (a thousand years?) human males will be less violent there are now.
	www.evoyage.com /NotebookEntries/BillMay2003.htm (1161 words)

	The roots of civilization trace back to ... roots
		According to research by anthropologists Greg Laden of the University of Minnesota and Richard Wrangham of Harvard University, the presence of fleshy underground storage organs like roots and tubers must have sustained our ancestors who left the rain forest to colonize the savannah.
		Laden and Wrangham believe that savannah-dwellers may have adopted game as their primary food in place of fruit.
		While our ancient ancestors may have left the rain forest for the savannah in pursuit of game meat, it was the ability to find and eat roots that may have contributed to the initial split between humans and the other apes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-09/uom-tro091605.php (351 words)

	NMNH AnthroNotes Fall 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Wrangham and Peterson's belief in the importance of violence in the evolution and nature of humans is based on new primate research that they assert demonstrates the continuity of aggression from our great ape ancestors.
		Wrangham and Peterson state: "That chimpanzees and humans kill members of neighboring groups of their own species is...a startling exception to the normal rule for animals" (1996:63).
		Wrangham and Peterson (1996:19) footnote this book, but as with many other controversies, they essentially ignore its findings, stating that yes, chimpanzee violence might have been unnatural behavior if it weren't for the evidence of similar behavior occurring since 1977 and "elsewhere in Africa" (1996:19).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/outreach/anthnote/fall97/anthnote.htm (9432 words)

	Science Show - 24/03/01: Cooking
		Richard Wrangham: Recently we’ve developed a new theory at Harvard which involves the fact that where you see Australopithacenes evolving into early Homo around 1.9million years ago, you see a series of changes that show a very strong signal of improved nutrition.
		So we see the whole gamut of human characteristics happening at one point 1.9million years ago; at that point you get the nutritional signals changing, you get the mating system changing and we think it all happened because of a good hot meal.
		It shows not just the evolution of monogamy, we’ve hinted at language, the social groupings and so on, but the fact that you can get this tremendous boost because you’ve got a bigger brain, the whole bigger brain thesis comes from that, which underpins what happened to human beings next.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s262879.htm (1291 words)

	PHIL\web page\demonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The senior author is Richard Wrangham, a familiar face on television, a Harvard professor and a ‘gatekeeper of knowlege.' His views are necessarily influential not only in the media but in the research community.
		Wrangham and Peterson ignore the remarkable anatomical, physiological, and behavioral similarities between bonobos and humans and their evolutionary implications.
		The bonobo is not a living missing link, but it is at least as closely related to us genetically as the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, and it has many human-like anatomical and behavioral features that make it an exceptionally valuable research model to help science to think through puzzles about the evolution of human uniqueness.
	www.cbs.umn.edu /~pregal/demonic.htm (1794 words)

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