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Topic: Richard the Lionheart

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	Richard the Lionheart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard the Lionhearted was the third son derived from the union of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Richard was given the lands that had belonged to his mother before her marriage to Henry II, some territory in the South of France.
		Enroute to England Richard was captured and held for ransom by Leopold V of Austria.
	faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/richardI.html (320 words)

	richard the lionheart
		Richard I also known as King Richard the Lionheart (September 8, 1157 - April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199.
		Richard officially proclaimed his nephew, the son of Geoffrey, Arthur of Brittany, as his heir, and Tancred promised to later marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was only four years old at the time).
		Richard's tactics ensured success at the siege of Acre and on the subsequent march south, Saladin's men being unable to harass the Crusader army into an impulsive action which might not have gone their way.
	www.crusades-history.com /Richard-the-Lionheart.aspx (2779 words)

	The Knights Templar \| King Richard I - The Lionheart \| www.templarhistory.com
		While Richard Plantagenet is revered as one of the great warrior kings of England, he is perhaps best known as "the absent king." This is due to the fact that during his reign from 1189-1199, he spent a total of six months in England.
		Richard Plantagenet came into the world September 8th in the year 1157 AD Although born in Oxfordshire England, Richard was a child of Aquitaine a part of Southern France.
		At the age of fourteen, Richard was named the Duke of Aquitane in the church of St. Hillaire at Poitiers which was one of the lands made homage to the French King.
	www.templarhistory.com /richard.html (836 words)

	Richard The Lionheart Massacres The Saracens, 1191
		As a compromise, Saladin proposed that Richard release his prisoners in return for part of the ransom with the remainder to be paid at a later date.
		Richard countered that he would accept the partial payment but Saladin must accept his royal promise to release his prisoners when he received the remainder of the ransom.
		Richard declared the lives of the Muslim defenders of Acre forfeit and set August 20 as the date for their execution.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /lionheart.htm (877 words)

	Richard the Lionheart
		Richard I (September 8, 1157 – April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199.
		Richard officially proclaimed his nephew, the son of Geoffrey, Arthur of Brittany, as his heir, and Tancred promised to later marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was only four years old at the time).
		Richard's tactics ensured success at the siege of Acre and on the subsequent march south, Saladin's men being unable to harass the Crusader army into an impulsive action which might not have gone their way.
	www.themiddleages.net /people/richard_lionheart.html (2627 words)

	Richard the Lionheart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		King Richard I may seem like the first of an endless line of Richards on the British throne, but he was an illustrious warrior king, who also went by the title, "Richard the Lionheart." He was born in Oxford, United Kingdom, in 1157, to Henry II and Elenaor of Aquitaine.
		Richard was crowned in 1189 and remained king for the next ten years, but he was in England for only a few months during his reign.
		Richard the Lionheart is perhaps most famous for his heroic efforts in the Crusades.
	members.aol.com /theroyaltysite/english/elion.html (334 words)

	Richard I - Coeur de Lion - Richard the Lionheart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard is famed for being an absent King of England, and is commonly known as Richard the Lionheart.
		On his mother's request Richard agreed to marry the princess, as the region of Navarre was a useful territory straddling the Pyrenees.
		Richard disbanded his siege of Jerusalem, in what was one of the most costly exercises to England before the wars of the twentieth century.
	www.malton.n-yorks.sch.uk /MSWeb/HistoryZone/monarchs/richard_i.html (391 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		Richard received word of John's treachery and decided to return home; he was captured by Leopold V of Austria and imprisoned by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.
		The administrative machinery of Henry II insured the continuance of royal authority, as Richard was unable to return to his realm until 1194.
		Richard died April 6, 1199, from a wound received in a skirmish at the castle of Chalus in the Limousin.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon27.html (387 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Angevins > Richard I
		In early 1193, Richard was transferred to Emperor Henry VI's custody.
		In England, Richard's brother John occupied Windsor Castle and prepared an invasion of England by Flemish mercenaries, accompanied by armed uprisings.
		John's subversive activities were ended by the payment of a crushing ransom of 150,000 marks of silver to the emperor, for Richard's release in 1194.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page63.asp (260 words)

	Richard the Lionheart Sword - MWArt.com
		This medieval Richard the Lionheart sword is a replica of the sword wielded by King Richard in the 12th Century.
		Richard the Lionheart sword is a beautiful representation of the sword he carried in his quest for Jerusalem.
		The overall length of the Richard the Lionheart Sword is 43 ¼ in with a 7in.
	www.mwart.com /product.asp?pid=1025&AFID=20656 (193 words)

	Toy Soldiers - Richard The Lionheart - King Richard I of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard Coeur de Lion, or Richard Lion-Heart, (1157-99), King of England, was the third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Richard and his allies gave the city to the Knights Hospitalers, and for the next century it was the chief Christian possession in the Holy Land.
		Richard returned briefly to England to complete the suppression of the revolt raised against him by his brother John and to raise funds.
	www.armoury.co.uk /90mmknights1/modbigk7out.html (376 words)

	The Wargamer - Book Review: Richard The Lionheart: The Mighty Crusader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard the Lionheart, however, is probably among the select few who can be easily recalled, though beyond the name the details may be lost.
		Spanning 223 pages, Richard the Lionheart begins by briefly introducing the reader to Richard as a person, and then quickly moves on to describe medieval military organization both for the Crusaders and the Saracens, as well as a brief description of historical sources and definitions.
		Miller's portrayal of Richard gives the reader a good sense as to why he was thusly considered, and also why the Saracens feared his personal presence on the battlefield as much as they respected his generalship.
	www.wargamer.com /reviews/richard_the_lionheart (1207 words)

	Richard I Lionheart, King of England
		However, he was captured (Dec., 1192) by Leopold V of Austria, with whom Richard had quarreled on crusade, and was imprisoned in the castle of Dürnstein, where the troubadour Blondel de Nesle is supposed (by legend) to have found him.
		Richard returned (1194) briefly to England to complete the suppression of the revolt raised against him by his brother John and to raise funds.
		Richard spent only six months of his reign in England, which he was concerned with chiefly as a source of revenue, but his ministers, William of Longchamp and Hubert Walter, were able to rule the kingdom effectively by the excellent administrative system set up by Henry II and extended by them.
	www.soldiers-russia.com /eagle/el0029b-1.htm (387 words)

	Richard the Lionheart
		t his mother's court Richard heard the troubadours sing their songs of courtly love and chivalry, becoming aware of a new notion that women were worthy of high regard and should be loved with a noble passion.
		Richard showed little love for his father, mainly because he would not grant him more power and independence, but he has a great affection for his mother.
		Richard was the first prince to take the cross for a crusade that appeals to his very nature.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /sherwoodtimes/richard.htm (701 words)

	Richard the Lionheart, King John, and the Magna Carta
		Richard (1189-99) is known to history as "Coeur de Lion", or Lionheart, because of his bravery in battle.
		John won and Richard was freed only to die a short time later fighting in France.
		Richard's later popularity rests as much on romantic wishful thinking as it does on facts.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/Richard_the_Lionheart_and_King_John.htm (515 words)

	The Armory -Richard the Lionheart Sword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Son of Henry II and King of England 1189-99, Richard I was known as a very powerful king, a chivalrous knight, and a fearless warrior.
		He was called Coeur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart, but he is best known as the Crusader King for his involvement in the Crusades.
		The Lionheart sword is a beautiful representation of the sword he carried in his quest for Jerusalem.
	www.armory.net /item.cfm?RecordId=SH248 (99 words)

	Chateau Gaillard, The Stronghold of Richard the Lionheart, Les Andelys, France
		Richard saw his castle completed, but the intrepid warrior did not see it fall, having died just a year later, on April 6, 1199.
		Richard took no heed that it was Lent-a time when fighting is forbidden- and attacked the castle of Chalus, near Limoges.
		Richard was wounded in the shoulder by a crossbow bolt shot by a defender of the castle and succcumbed 13 days later.
	les-andelys.com /chateau-gaillard (1690 words)

	Richard I
		Richard the Lionheart, the third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was born in Oxford in 1157.
		When Henry II died in 1189, Richard was the eldest surviving son and therefore became king of England, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou.
		Richard was released in 1194 and he spent the next couple of years winning back the territory he had lost while he had been away.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDrichard1.htm (251 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Richard Lionheart Makes Peace with Saladin
		During this period Richard began to receive disturbing news of the activities of his brother John and of Philip Augustus, and as the spring gave way to summer it became evident that Richard must soon return to Europe to safeguard his own interests there.
		The departure of Richard the LionHearted from the Holy Land in October 1192 ended the third major Western invasion of the East.
		When these conditions of peace had been reduced to writing and read to him, King Richard agreed to observe them, for he could not hope for anything much better, especially since he was sick, relying upon scanty support, and was not more than two miles from the enemy's station.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1192peace.html (824 words)

	BBC - History - King Richard the Lionheart 1189 - 99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richard dedicated himself to reconquering Normandy, dying in an insignificant skirmish in 1199.
		Richard spent less than a year of his reign in England.
		The military prowess which earned him the name of 'Lionheart' is undeniable; whether he would have made a good peacetime king is unknowable.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/england/nor_king_richard_lionheart.shtml (256 words)

	Richard Lionheart / Richard LöwenherzRichard Lionheart / Richard LöwenherzRichard Lionheart / Richard ...
		A nightmare of a father, a legend of a mother, a bride for 20 years, a short-term wife, and in return a life-long enemy - these are the personal circumstances of Richard Lionheart.
		Richard was no adventurer neither in military nor in political matters.
		Thus we are confronted with a stranger: Richard Lionheart, unencumbered by legends and clichés.
	members.ping.at /kessler (258 words)

	Richard Lionheart
		Richard spent all but six months of his reign either in France or on the Third Crusade (1189-92).
		Learning of his brother John's conspiracy with Philip Augustus to seize the throne, Richard headed back from the Near East only to be captured by Philip's ally, Emperor Henry VI, and later ransomed for 150,000 silver marks*.
		Richard was imprisoned in a castle in Germany, and the romantic legend tells that he was discovered there by a troubadour, Blondel de Nesle, singing under the window of his prison.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLTnoframes/history/map.html (184 words)

	H-Net Review: Michael Pedrotty on Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the ...
		Richard is painted as reckless, brutish, unprincipled, and vacillating, with his only commendable trait being that he was a great warrior (pp.
		Richard is a savage, but Saladin is supposed to have been motivated by piety in his executions.
		In fact, Richard himself explained why he dared not press the attack, and his decision was in full accord with the vast majority of the most experienced military minds of the host--men of the time who lived or died by their skill at judging these affairs.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=296791047652032 (1564 words)

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