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Topic: Richardson number

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Froude number

Dimensionless number

Reynolds number

Strouhal number

Boussinesq approximation

Fluid Dynamics

Potential flow

Mach number

Prandtl number

Laminar flow

De Laval nozzle

Conservation of energy

Viscous

Euler equations

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	The New York Law Journal - Hoping for Clemency This Christmas
		Richardson was convicted in Brooklyn Supreme Court of conspiracy to murder Jeffrey Bridges, the boyfriend who allegedly beat and raped her, and molested her then-9-year-old daughter.
		Richardson would become the third women in New York state history to be granted clemency after being convicted in connection with the death of her abuser.
		Richardson's unsuccessful post-conviction appeals in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
	www.law.com /jsp/nylj/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=1102543077418 (931 words)

	33.2.4.1 Richardson number
		Instead of averaging Richardson numbers, another way is to compute Richardson numbers, viscosity, and diffusivity coefficients at the base of U-cells and then average the diffusivity coefficients onto T-cells.
		Two other approaches are as follows: The first involves computing Richardson numbers at the base of T-cells, averaging to the base of U-cells, then computing mixing coefficients at the base of T-cells and U-cells.
		The second involves computing Richardson numbers at the base of T-cells, computing both mixing coefficients at the base of T-cells, and then averaging the viscosity coefficients onto U-cells.
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /~smg/MOM/web/guide_parent/s7node198.html (446 words)

	Lewis Fry Richardson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richardson's interest in meteorology led him to propose a scheme for weather forecasting by solution of differential equations, the method used today, though, when he published Weather Prediction by Numerical Process in 1922, suitable fast computing was unavailable.
		Richardson also applied his mathematical skills in the service of his pacifist principles, in particular in understanding the roots of international conflict.
		Considering the armament of two nations, Richardson posited an idealized system of equations whereby the rate of a nation's armament build-up is directly proportional to the amount of arms its rival has and also to the grievances felt toward the rival, and negatively proportional to the amount of arms it already has itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lewis_Fry_Richardson (1175 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004
		Richardson's computers are not the silicon chip machines of today but humans using slide rules and tables to undertake the task of making calculations for a weather forecast.
		Richardson's dream did not come to reality until the 64,000 humans were replaced by fast electronic computers in the later half of the Twentieth Century.
		Richardson's initial calculations in the rest billets and hay barns of wartime France, he admits, took the best part of six weeks to draw up the computing forms and work out the distribution for two vertical columns.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04dec.htm (2181 words)

	Richardson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Richardson was a scientist who was the first to apply mathematics, in particular the method of finite differences, to predicting the weather in Weather Prediction by Numerical Process (1922).
		Another application of mathematics by Richardson was in his study of the causes of war in Generalized Foreign Politics (1939), Arms and Insecurity (1949), and Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (1950).
		The 'Richardson number', a fundamental quantity involving gradients of temperature and wind velocity is named after him.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /lvov/Lecture-Online/Bib/Richardson.html (276 words)

	The Planetary Boundary Layer
		The GSM also calculates the Richardson number to indicate the presence of turbulence, using it to determine the stability of a level of the atmosphere.
		The Richardson number is similar to the bulk-Richardson number and is the ratio of buoyant suppression of turbulence to the shear generation of turbulence.
		Prandtl number is used to scale the thermal diffusivity from the momentum diffusivity coefficients.
	www.met.tamu.edu /class/metr452/models/2001/PBLproject.html (2334 words)

	Fish & Richardson P.C. - Articles & News
		The survey ranks firms by the number of new patent infringement cases brought and the number of new cases defended in 2002.
		Overall, Fish & Richardson was involved in 42 new cases - entering appearances defending 30 new patent infringement cases and filing 12 new patent infringement cases - which ranks the firm first in defense cases and second on the combined list this year.
		Founded in 1878, Fish & Richardson is one the largest law firms in the U.S. practicing exclusively in the areas of intellectual property, complex litigation, and technology business law.
	www.fr.com /news/articledetail.cfm?articleid=240 (506 words)

	Richardson Boats Richardson Boat Owners Association
		The Richardson Boat Company organized “Sailaways” where the owners of newly purchased boats were encouraged to congregate in North Tonawanda and join in a cruise down the Erie Canal to New York City.
		Richardson passed away in 1937 and his wife Ethel took over management until 1941 when the company was sold to a group of local businessmen.
		A number of these vessels, lovingly cared for by their present owners, date back to the 1920's.
	www.richardsonboats.com (503 words)

	Richardson Numbers
		The Richardson classification system, which is unique to Princeton, was devised by Ernest Cushing Richardson, a University Librarian from 1890 to 1920.
		Added volumes to serial and bookset records that were originally classed in Richardson, as well as titles in monographic series classed as a set (CAS) in a Richardson number.
		Richardson numbers consist of a class number (which may include decimal numbers) and a book number.
	libweb.princeton.edu /departments/tsd/katmandu/class/rich.html (285 words)

	Weather, War, and Mathematics
		The Richardson “deferred approach to the limit,” i.e., a method for the acceleration of convergence, is fundamental and widely employed.
		It is ironic that although Richardson undertook his studies in the hope that a mathematical understanding of the causes and dynamics of war would lead to an abatement of aggression, he came to the opposite conclusion: War is a permanent feature of the human condition.
		Richardson’s legacy is visible in many numerical strategies, in “Prairie Warrior,” the annual $7 million exercise of war games at Fort Leavenworth (Atlantic Monthly, September 1996), and in the activities of any center of meteorology and oceanography.
	www.siam.org /siamnews/bookrevs/weather.htm (1582 words)

	Richardson on the National Ignition Facility: "Back on Track"
		Secretary Richardson was not a happy man earlier this year when he told Members of Congress that "I have been very concerned about the management of this facility.
		I don't want this to ever happen again." Richardson was referring to then recently revealed reports of significantly higher construction costs and a later completion date than planned.
		The degree to which this confidence has been restored will be known within days with the release of the conference report on the FY 2001 Energy and Water Development Appropriations bill.
	www.aip.org /enews/fyi/2000/fyi00.115.htm (453 words)

	Variability of the sea surface temperature
		The seasonal variations of the Richardson number was similar in 1986 and 1987; Ri was relatively high in August-September and low in May-June.
		When the mixed layer is deep the Richardson number tends to be large.
		However, in March-April 1988 the largest Richardson numbers occurred at a time when the mixed layer was very shallow.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /pubs/outstand/haye1160/verticad.shtml (724 words)

	[No title]
		Lewis Fry Richardson (1881-1953) made numerous, outstanding scientific contributions to geophysics but been recognized, perhaps his main contribution asone of the founding fathers of the idea of scaling and fractality (made famous by Benoit Mandelbrot) has still not received the attention it deserves.
		For Richardson was the first not only to suggest numerical integration of the equations of motion of the atmosphere, but also to attempt to do so by hand, during the First World War.
		This led to the Richardson law of turbulent diffusion (1926), suggesting that particles trajectories might not be describable by smooth curves (what Menger called "fluents"), but that such trajectories might instead require highly convoluted curves such as the Peano or Weierstrass nondifferentiable curves (Menger's "tremblants") for their description.
	members.fortunecity.com /jonhays/richardson.htm (522 words)

	How to buy on catalog.rell.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If you have ordered from Richardson Electronics before and have an established account number, you may link your existing account to your new web account.
		If you have an established line of credit with Richardson, linking will allow you to view your contracted pricing and purchase in lieu of a credit card.
		You can find your account number and access code on Invoices or mailings you have received in the past from Richardson or call or e-mail any sales representative they would be more than happy to look it up for you.
	www.cctvnet.com /howto.asp (438 words)

	[No title]
		Near the radius at which the azimuthal velocity profile of the vortex is a maximum, the effective Richardson number in Bradshaw’s analogy becomes arbitrarily large.
		The model further defines a new fundamental parameter, the vortex persistence, to be the number of times a vortex rotates during the time interval during which it moves a distance equal to its own diameter with respect to the interface.
		For simplicity, the Schmidt number is assumed to be greater than unity, and the interface is thin.
	www.aa.washington.edu /faculty/breidenthal/book_chapter.doc (3039 words)

	Powder snow avalanches: Approximation as non-Boussinesq clouds with a Richardson number–dependent entrainment ...
		A number of theoretical models have assumed that the volume growth rate of such currents is controlled by the local slope and the density ratio between the current and the ambient fluid.
		The model predictions were compared to laboratory experiments (release of a finite volume down an inclined channel, with particle entrainment from the bed) and field data (a well-documented large powder snow avalanche in Switzerland).
		In both cases, the assumption of a slope-dependent volume growth rate received little support, whereas assuming that the entrainment coefficient is controlled by the Richardson number makes it possible to describe the velocity and volume variations fairly well, except for highly concentrated particle-driven currents in the laboratory.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JF000052.shtml (315 words)

	CALL NUMBER: Search Tips and Details (Princeton University Online Catalog)
		Call numbers obtained from other libraries using the Library of Congress Classification system should be verified in the Princeton University Online Catalog since such libraries may modify these numbers in response to local needs.
		Call numbers used by Princeton University developed by University librarian Ernest Cushing Richardson (1890-1920), who developed his own cataloguing system which continues to the present day in those areas of the library which have not converted to Library of Congress classification.
		To search by Superintendent of Document (SuDoc) number for publications that may be in that collection, use the index code K086 in Command Keyword.
	www.pppl.gov /library/endeavor/help/call.htm (577 words)

	Froude number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Froude number is a dimensionless number used to quantify the resistance of an object moving through water, and compare objects of different sizes.
		Named after William Froude, the Froude number is based on the speed/length ratio discovered by Froude, and on which the Froude number is based.
		The Froude number is used to compare the wave making resistance between bodies of various sizes and shapes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Froude_number (396 words)

	Richardson number (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The aircraft profiles are from the Coastal Waves 96 project, flown along the California coast.
		Here the Richardson number divides stratification due to the density jump across the inversion by shear mixing over the inversion layer.
		The shear is defined as the greatest difference between the wind components in the direction of the fastest winds.
	www-ccs.ucsd.edu /~kate/rich.html (183 words)

	Richardson Calculator
		Introduction : This calculator calculates the bulk Richardson number, Ri.
		This number determines whether the wind shear is strong enough to cause turbulence in statically stable air.
		This means that the bulk Richardson number is less than the critical Richardson number, Ri
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/_master/tools/calculators/richardson (225 words)

	Bank Street College of Education
		To accomplish this you will be expected to attend all classes, complete a number of required readings, complete some readings that you have selected yourself, and complete a variety of written and practical assignments.
		Development of number 0-20 through strategies, pattern, use of composing and decomposing number.
		Developing number sense through computational strategies that incorporate the communitive and associative properties.
	www.edc.org /CCT/BSC/work-bin/lmetnetsky/530descrip.html (766 words)

	411C: M6, U3, P1: Weather Processes
		This form of the Richardson number therefore provides important quantitative information on the relation between the stabilizing effect of buoyancy and the destabilizing effect of wind shear.
		gradient Richardson number calculator, you can explore the mathematics of the Richardson number.
		From the pull-down menus, dial in "RDU", then dial in "Richardson Number" (or any other data value you would like to see) from the "Field" pull-down box.
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/411c/module06/unit03/page01.html (515 words)

	Homeland Security Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Governor Richardson's number one responsibility is to ensure the safety and security of all New Mexicans.
		New Mexico's Office of Homeland Security was created under Executive Order issued by Governor Bill Richardson on March 18, 2003, in response to the murderous attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001.
		These unexpected terrorist attacks, which were heretofore considered highly improbable, identified a critical need to bring focus and structure to terrorism prevention and preparedness planning within New Mexico.
	www.governor.state.nm.us /homeland.php?mm=4 (330 words)

	Spatial and temporal variations of Richardson number on Georges Bank
		Buoyancy frequency and shear were used to estimate spatial and temporal variations in Richardson number, Ri, on Georges Bank.
		Calculations were based on CTD and ADCP data from 41 stations occupied repeatedly over 17 cruises during winter and spring, 1995–1999.
		Citation: Pease, C., and M. Sundermeyer (2006), Spatial and temporal variations of Richardson number on Georges Bank, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005GL024903.shtml (262 words)

	Forester Women's Tennis
		Berry won 7-5, 6-1 at number one, Richardson triumphed 7-6 (9-7), 6-0 at number two, and fellow senior Jill Chudacoff (Highland Park, IL/Highland Park) outlasted her opponent 6-4, 4-6, 7-6 (7-4) at number three.
		Berry and Richardson needed three sets but came out on top of a 6-1, 1-6, 6-2 decision at number one and the number three team of Chudacoff and Jackson won 6-3, 6-4.
		Rudkovskaya prevailed 6-3, 6-1 at number four and Jackson defeated her opponent 6-3, 6-1 at number six.
	www.lakeforest.edu /foresters/wtennis/sept172005wt.htm (402 words)

	Bulk Richardson number - StormWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		(Abbreviated: BRN) A non-dimensional number relating vertical stability and vertical shear (generally, stability divided by shear).
		High values indicate unstable and/or weakly-sheared environments; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear.
		This page was last modified 03:52, 4 April 2005.
	stormwiki.unk.edu:16080 /index.php/Bulk_Richardson_number (58 words)

	Richardson number -- CFD-Wiki, the ultimate free CFD reference
		Richardson number -- CFD-Wiki, the ultimate free CFD reference
		In the stability of continuously stratified parallel shear flows the ratio of (the squares of) the buoyancy frequency to the background velocity gradient is known as the (gradient) Richardson number.
		This page was last modified 18:07, 20 September 2005.
	www.cfd-online.com /Wiki/Richardson_number (57 words)

	Critical Richardson number (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.pitt.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Introducing the value for BL in stable layers (
		The critical Richarson number is the one that nullyfies the previous equation,
		, the critical Richardson of the 1D proposed scheme is
	www.aero.obs-mip.fr.cob-web.org:8888 /mesonh/book1/node208.html (64 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6740909 - Richardson number criterion for the nonlinear stability of three-dimensional stratified flow
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Richardson number criterion for the nonlinear stability of three-dimensional stratified flow
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6740909 (136 words)

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