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Topic: Richardsonian Romanesque

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	The Town Paper: A Matter of Style -- Richardsonian Romanesque
		Romanesque Revival became the favored style for American churches for the next 60 years and expanded to major public buildings, commercial buildings and eventually residential architecture before the turn of the century.
		The Romanesque Revival style is characterized by masonry construction and the general use of the semi-circular arch for all wall openings and decoration.
		The details of Richardsonian Romanesque generally coincide with Romanesque Revival; however, it is in the execution of these details that Richardson's style breaks away from its revival predecessors.
	www.tndtownpaper.com /Volume5/richardsonian_romanesque.htm (600 words)

	Richardsonian Romanesque: Given Library, Mt. Holly Springs, PA
		This library is strongly influenced by the Richardsonian Romanesque style of the Crane Public Library in Quincy, MA, 1881.
		(Romanesque preceded Gothic in European architecture.) Richardson's style is characterized by massive stone walls and dramatic semicircular arches, and a new dynamism of interior space.
		The Richardsonian Romanesque eclipsed both the IInd Empire Baroque and the High Victorian Gothic styles; the style had a powerful effect on such Chicago architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, and influenced architects as far away as Scandinavia.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/ransom.html (293 words)

	Building Types: The Victorian City (part I)
		Richardsonian houses are defined by the use of rough-cut stone, deep window openings and large, dominant arches.
		Unlike Richardsonian Romanesque designs, the main feature of a Romanesque Revival town house is the use of arched motifs around doors and windows, without the deep recesses and rough-cut stone of the Richardsonian version.
		Romanesque Revival town houses of the Victorian Period were characteristically detailed with an ornate brick cornice, and windows with decorative brick arches.
	stlouis.missouri.org /government/heritage/buildtyp/p2-1.htm (2496 words)

	After the Fire: The Influence of H. H. Richardson on the Rebuilding of Seattle, 1889-1894
		The Richardsonian mode was thereby opened to experimentation and innovation, an attitude that was a source for the varied character of the Richardsonian designs produced thereafter.
		The Richardsonian or Romanesque system is sometimes applied inconsistently, and works that are pure examples of the mode are actually few in number.
		How Seattle's architects used the Richardsonian Romanesque vocabulary varied depending on their backgrounds and their abilities to intuit at least some of the lessons of Richardson's example, either from Richardson's own work in publications or from the many published examples of works that applied the Romanesque mode.
	www.wshs.org /wshs/columbia/articles/0103-a1.htm (5086 words)

	Romanesque Revival, Architectural Style, Historic Preservation, Planning and Development Services Division, City of ...
		The chief characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style is the semi-circular arch, used for window and door openings as well as a decorative element along the corbel table.
		The Romanesque Revival style, exemplified by St. Anthony's Church in Sterling, is event mainly on churches and large institutional buildings, and is more of a vernacular style than a high style in Colorado.
		Richardsonian Romanesque is characterized by heavy, rusticated or rock-faced stone, round masonry arches, contrasting colors, transom windows arranged in ribbon-like patterns, square towers, and sparse fenestration.
	www.ci.longmont.co.us /planning/ldc/architecture/roman_revival.htm (228 words)

	Richardsonian Romanesque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of American architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts.
		It emphasizes clear strong picturesque massing, round-headed "Romanesque" arches, often springing from clusters of short squat columns, recessed entrances, richly varied rustication, boldly blank stretches of walling contrasting with bands of windows, and cylindrical towers with conical caps embedded in the walling.
		Cleaveland Cady of Cady, Bird and See in New York City, whose American Museum of Natural History's original 77th Street range epitomizes "Richardsonian Romanesque." The style influenced the Chicago school of architecture and architects Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/richardsonian_romanesque (242 words)

	Romanesque Revival
		A hallmark of the Italian villa and Romanesque styles (and their close cousins, the Tuscan and Norman styles) is the three- or four-story tower with arched openings.
		Richardsonian Romanesque was favored for churches, university buildings and public buildings such as railroad stations and courthouses.
		The distinguishing characteristics of the Romanesque was its use of the round arch for door and window openings and its distinctive rounded moldings.
	ah.bfn.org /a/archsty/rom (1525 words)

	Building Types: The Victorian City (part II)
		The Richardsonian Romanesque style was prevalent in church design during the Victorian period, primarily as a result of the widespread influence of Richardson's Trinity Church, in Boston.
		Richardsonian Romanesque architecture was also found in government structures and was especially popular for police stations in the Victorian period: the obvious masculinity of this style was appropriate to an image of authority and strength.
		The Richardsonian Romanesque style was pervasive in commercial design for a brief period from about 1888 to 1894.
	stlouis.missouri.org /government/heritage/buildtyp/p2-2.htm (5639 words)

	Henry Hobson Richardson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "Richardsonian Romanesque" has sometimes misled people to assess it somehow as one of the Victorian revival styles, but Richardson worked on the whole without detailed historical references.
		If a single work of Richardson's had to be selected over others it would have to be Trinity Church in Copley Square, Boston (1872-1877), part of one of the outstanding American urban complexes, across from the Boston Public Library by Charles Follen McKim, Richardson's former draftsman, confronted by the Hancock Place office tower by I.
		Following Richardson's early death in 1886 at age 48, the style that he had pioneered was picked up by a variety of other architects whose works are grouped under the name of Richardsonian Romanesque.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson (917 words)

	Romanesque Revival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Romanesque Revival style, appearing in various phases from the 1880s through the first decade of the twentieth century, was unlike the Queen Anne style in that it was used less in houses than in large public and commercial buildings.
		The most salient elements of the Romanesque style and its nineteenth-century counterpart are the round arch and the heavy masonry facades.
		Romanesque Revival buildings tend to have massive hipped roofs, many with wall gables and conical or pyramidal-roof towers or belfries.
	www.ci.valparaiso.in.us /HPC/Architecture/Romanesque/romanesque.htm (207 words)

	Richardsonian Romanesque - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Richardsonian Romanesque has both French and Spanish Romanesque characteristics, like the First Presbyterian Church in Detroit, Michigan by architechs George D. Mason and Zachariah Rice in 1891
		Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of American architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston (1872–77).
		In Finland, Eliel Saarinen was influenced by Richardson.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque (483 words)

	Old-House Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		However, Richard-son's bold use of masonry walls and arches was emulated by other architects throughout the country, particularly in the larger cities of the Northeast and the newer industrial centers of the Midwest.
		Many smaller (and less Richardsonian) Romanesque houses were built in the same period.
		The appeal of the Romanesque Revival for residences was brief—less than two decades and far from universal.
	www.oldhousejournal.com /magazine/2002/november/roman_revival.shtml (1354 words)

	Historic Preservation and Archaeology
		The architecture of the Romanesque era (A.D. 800-1150) in Europe presented Victorian builders with simple, sturdy models that could be adapted to 19th century needs.
		Towns, church congregations, and railroads were the most frequent clients of this style, popular for large-scale public buildings, such as courthouses, city halls, train depots, and churches.
		This early phase of the style was imported by German architects and was influenced by a new interest in Romanesque architecture, which developed in Europe during the mid 1800s.
	www.state.in.us /dnr/historic/romanesque.html (211 words)

	Richardsonian Romanesque -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In (Republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917) Finland, (Finnish architect and city planner who moved to the United States in 1923; father of Eero Saarinen (1873-1950)) Eliel Saarinen was influenced by Richardson.
		Research is currently ongoing to try and document the westward movement of the artisans and craftsmen, mostly immigrant Italians and Irish, who built in the Richardsonian Romanesque tradition.
		The style began in the East, in and around Boston and while it was losing favor there it was gaining popularity further west.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/R/Ri/Richardsonian_Romanesque.htm (437 words)

	Lennox, Edward James
		One of Canada's pre-eminent interpreters of Richardsonian Romanesque, Lennox was a formidable force in the up-building of Toronto.
		He did not refer in name to H.H. Richardson's (1838-86) Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh, Penn (1884-88), but indicated that Pittsburgh was the only city that had a building somewhat similar in appointments to his.
		Old City Hall, clearly Richardsonian Romanesque, took more than 11 years to complete and resulted in not one but two legal disputes.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0010869 (358 words)

	Richarsonian Romanesque — 1870-1900
		Richardsonian romanesque takes its name from the architect Henry Hobson Richardson.
		This massive, heavy style uses masonry of rough-cut stone in several colors and sometimes brick laid in regular courses.
		The wide round Romanesque arch framing the entry way is a key feature of the design.
	www.aspenhistory.org /richrom.html (137 words)

	Pipestone Commercial Historic District -- National Register of Historic Places Pipestone, Minnesota Travel Itinerary
		Although most of the pivotal buildings are vernacular, there are examples of the Richardsonian Romanesque, Neoclassical and Italianate styles as well.
		The most visually prominent building is the Calumet Hotel, a four-story Richardsonian Romanesque structure which occupies the main intersection in the downtown.
		Pipestone City Hall also illustrates the Richardsonian Romanesque style; the Neoclassical style is represented in the two buildings constructed for the First National Bank at 101 W. Main Street and 113 W. Main Street; the Italianate style can be seen at the Syndicate Block.
	www.cr.nps.gov /NR/travel/pipestone/phd.htm (407 words)

	The Romanesque Revival, Mural Painting and Protestant Patronage in America - Questia Online Library
		Among the recognized achievements of the (so-called) American Renaissance at the turn of the century was the great efflorescence of mural painting that adorned the walls of this country's museums, libraries, churches, and courthouses.
		The fountainhead of inspiration for the early revival of Romanesque architecture and mural painting in the United States was Germany, and primarily Munich.
		To reconsider Trinity's achievement, it is perhaps best to consider first two of the earliest and most influential Romanesque Revival churches in the Northeast, I will argue that during the design process their minister-clients endorsed--and may even have instigated--a Romanesque style of German pedigree as one best suited to their theological beliefs.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5001866934 (1275 words)

	Book closes gaps in Seattle's design history
		As robust and monumental in scale as its namesake, Richardsonian Romanesque recalls the architecture of medieval Europe.
		Even if you can't distinguish between Romanesque and Italianate, it offers an in-depth study of local history and is a heart breaking pictorial survey of lost Seattle with early buildings, now destroyed, such as Henry Yesler's elaborate 1883 mansion built on a full block downtown.
		Ochsner and Andersen acknowledge Richardson Romanesque had less to offer as a guideline for these mostly non-masonry buildings but detail how architects leading the redevelopment of downtown also were responsible for neighborhood fire stations, churches and schools.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /visualart/116665_distantcorner.html (974 words)

	The Architecture of Trinity Church - Trinity Boston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		And it has been considered so since its dedication in 1877, when it heralded the signature "Richardsonian Romanesque" style of its celebrated designer, and presented a bold, fresh new face and feeling for ecclesiastical architecture in America.
		While he named the eleventh century Romanesque churches of Central France as his inspiration, he called Trinity a "free rendering" of those sources.
		Even today, the Richardsonian Romanesque is called upon to recall the sturdy democratic American spirit in town halls, railroad stations, libraries, courthouses, and homes across the nation.
	www.trinityboston.org /arc_lmk_arc.asp (749 words)

	City of Omaha's Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission
		The primary feature of the Romanesque style is the use of the semi-circular arch for window and door openings.
		In the late 1880’s and early 1890’s, many Romanesque revival style buildings were patterned after the work of the famous Boston architect H. Richardson.
		While many of Richardson’s buildings were all stone, most of the remaining buildings of the style in Omaha are rock-faced masonry in combination with brick.
	www.ci.omaha.ne.us /landmarks/designated_landmarks/styles/Romanesque.htm (91 words)

	Romanesque
		Romanesque Churches of the Loire and Western France.
		Crafted from resin with a bronze crackle color, the lower six-sided base is adorned with a dark bronze colored leaf dcor.
		The gold, pearl and silver tone finials are carved with scrolls and leaves, evoking times of knights...
	www.growinglifestyle.co.uk /uk/j366830 (109 words)

	Architecture - County of Oxford Court House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Oxford County Court House is a robust masonry structure featuring large rough-faced masonry blocks and massive round arched entrances with short polished columns, prominent voissoirs and arts and craft detailing.
		This style of architecture was strongly influenced by the Romanesque revival occurring in the 1880's.
		The style was strongly influenced by American architect H.H. Richardson (1838-1886) and is often referred to as Richardsonian Romanesque.
	www.ocl.net /archives/arch.html (500 words)

	West Franklin Street -- Thesis -- Kerri Culhane - 1/19/01
		Ruehrmund's Richardsonian Romanesque was perhaps tempered by the Germanic influence of the architect's training at the Royal Academy in Berlin.
		The erection of two townhouses in the Richardsonian Romanesque style was unprecedented on the 800 and 900 blocks of West Franklin Street.
		Another full-blown Richardsonian Romanesque house was undertaken in 1890 at 800 West Franklin Street, at the northwest corner of Franklin and Laurel, diagonally opposite Monroe Park (Appendix A - 800).
	www.library.vcu.edu /jbc/speccoll/vcuarch/culhane.html (20677 words)

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