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	Property in the West Midlands: Richborough Estates specialise in new homes, retail property and land acquisition - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richborough Estates LLP was formed by Computeach International Limited (est.1964), one of the UK's largest suppliers of IT training and one of the most successful companies in the Midlands.
		Richborough Estates is a dynamic operation involved in both commercial and residential property investment and development.
		Richborough Estates is expanding rapidly, the future looks bright and we look forward to working with you.
	www.richboroughestates.co.uk (137 words)

	Richborough Roman Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richborough, once the Roman gateway and port to England, is now a curious and wind-swept land-locked area of stone and earth-works.
		The fort at Richborough formed part of the ring of so-called 'Saxon Shore' forts which were built along the south eastern coast of Britain as well as the northern coast of Gaul (France).
		Many of those who passed through Richborough from the various parts of the Empire would have intermarried with the native population through the centuries but the military might and protection from other invading forces, such as the Saxons, had been withdrawn.
	www.ukheritage.net /misc/richborough.htm (898 words)

	RVTVPIAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The late-second century Antonine Itinerary mentions Richborough twice, the first time in the opening passage of the Iter Britanniarum shown above, also in Iter II within the body of the document, entitled "the route from the 'entrenchments' to the port of Ritupiae", and details the Roman road stations from Hadrian's Wall to Richborough.
		The Richborough entry in the Notitia Dignitatum of the late-4th/early-5th century appears as Rutupiae between the entries for Regulbium (Reculver, Kent) and Anderitum (Pevensey, East Sussex).
		The Second Augustan Legion are the only garrison unit mentioned in the classical sources, and were stationed here sometime toward the end of the fourth century, after having spent the majority of their stay in Britain within the Legionary fortress at Caerleon in South Wales.
	www.roman-britain.org /places/rutupiae.htm (1269 words)

	A Roman Dover - www.ezboard.com
		The 50-acre settlement at Richborough, Kent - one of the most important ports during the early years of the occupation - included several temples and an unusually designed amphitheatre.
		There has long been evidence of occupation at Richborough, which is best known today for the remains of a Roman fort built in the third century.
		Richborough, or Rutupiae as it was known in Roman times, is now several miles inland.
	p209.ezboard.com /fdarkcafefrm32.showMessage?topicID=54.topic (748 words)

	Open Sandwich in Kent, UK: Richborough Roman Fort - Rutupiae and Richborough Port
		In Roman times Richborough was a major fort for the invading army, but during the 1st and 2nd World Wars in the 20th Century, Richborough played its part in the defence of Britain.
		Richborough, known as Rutupiae, was the Gateway to Britain, long before Dover.
		A ceremony was held in Sandwich and at Richborough with the band of the Royal Engineers marching in full dress uniform, on 3rd April 2004 when the Royal Engineers were given the freedom of the town.
	www.open-sandwich.co.uk /richborough (261 words)

	Richborough Roman Fort
		Archaeological evidence suggests that Richborough was the bridge head for the invasion, and the pair of parallel ditches that can be seen running almost alongside the much later western stone walls of the site, were dug as part of the original fortifications in AD43.
		As the conquest of Britain rapidly advanced Richborough soon became an important naval supply base, as evidenced by the laying of new roads, and the erection of several timber buildings believed to be storehouses.
		By the end of the 4th century Richborough had ceased to be garrisoned by regular Roman troops, but the site retained its status until approximately AD402.
	www.theheritagetrail.co.uk /roman%20britain/richborough.htm (480 words)

	Richborough Castle, Kent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For much of its life Richborough was merely a settlement - indeed the Roman Road, Watling Street, ends here - a straight line enters from the eastern side of the Fort (the other end was in Chester!).
		After the Romans left Richborough's importance declined, and when the Wantsum all but silted up and the new town of Sandwich was created nearby the Fort was allowed to decay.
		Richborough Castle is owned by English Heritage and is open all year.
	www.r-l-p.co.uk /richboro.html (335 words)

	The grave of Vortimer at Richborough
		The contention of the elected grave is clearly between Richborough and other ports, Richborough confronting Thanet, which is the single contender for the spot of the Adventus Saxonum.
		Since the Saxons are the only ones involved in the rest of the legend, a conclusion is possible that it is the Saxon Shore forts that are referred to.
		Richborough was the main port of Britain in those days.
	www.vortigernstudies.org.uk /artgra/gravevor.htm (1990 words)

	uk_261201
		L’insediamento di 50 acri a Richborough, Kent – uno dei porti più importanti nel corso dei primi anni dell’occupazione, includeva numerosi templi ed un anfiteatro dalla forma insolita.
		Esistono prove molto remote dell’occupazione di Richborough, che era principalmente conosciuto, fino ad oggi, per i resti di un forte romano costruito nel terzo secolo.Ma l’estensione di strade, costruzioni e recinti precedentemente sconosciuti ha sorpreso i ricercatori che portavano avanti l’indagine al sito.
		Richborough, o Rutupiae come era conosciuto in tempi romani, si trova attualmente parecchie miglia nell’entroterra.
	www.laportadeltempo.com /Regno%20Unito/uk_261201.htm (735 words)

	Richborough Power Station
		Richborough power sation was build in the late 50's and early 60's and from 1962 - 1971 Richborough burned over 3 million tonnes of coal, most of which came from the nearby kent coalfields.
		In 1971 the station was converted to run on oil, but useage of the site became costly as the price of oil prices rose.
		Orimulsion is a cheap heavy oil and water based emulsion produced form natural bitumen in Venezuela, Intal results suggested it would make a cheap clean fuel alternative to oil...
	www.abandoned-britain.com /PP/Richbrough-power-station/IPP.htm (108 words)

	Wantsum Channel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Channel was emptied into by the River Stour, which was a wide strait fed by the North Sea that was around two miles wide during the Roman period.
		The southern end of the channel met into the sea at Richborough, Roman name Rutupiae, near Sandwich, and the northern end at Reculver, Roman name Regulbium.
		Both sites were chosen by the Romans for forts, which indicates the significance of the route.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wantsum_Channel (413 words)

	British Archaeology, no 42, March 1999: Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It has been said that Richborough was too small to accommodate the size of Plautius's force, particularly if the area was hostile.
		To land on a known hostile beach-head (Richborough) against an unknown force would not have been very bright, whereas Sussex was presumed to be a safe district of which Plautius had full knowledge from Verica.
		Richborough's claim to fame is based on archaeology and nothing more.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba42/ba42lets.html (1015 words)

	Society of Antiquaries of London - Books in print (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This work presents the first major analysis of brooches from Roman sites in Britain since the pioneering work of M R Hull in the 1950s and 1960s and is the first to study the material using metallurgical analysis in addition to traditional typological methods.
		Starting with the 445 brooches recovered from Richborough, in Kent, excavated in 1922—38, the authors discovered that, contrary to the general assumption that all ancient copper alloy objects were made of bronze, a range of alloys was employed.
		The accompanying CD contains the results of the scientific analyses of the Richborough brooches and selected comparative material, presented in a format that allows readers to browse the data using their own search criteria.
	www.sal.org.uk /books/reviews/roman_brooches/default.php (315 words)

	Open Sandwich in Kent, UK: Richborough Port
		The chosen spot for the hidden port was under the Roman fortress of Richborough; and a railway was constructed from the main line which passes under the Saxon walls to the banks of the Stour.
		For nearly twenty years the Richborough Camp was not used until the end of the year 1938, when Sandwich received Jewish and political refugees from from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia, driven out by Nazi persecution.
		In 1942 Richborough Camp became a post of the Marines, named H.M.S. Robertson: and the former Q port was again a hive of industry.
	www.open-sandwich.co.uk /richborough/port/index.htm (613 words)

	BBC/OU Open2.net - History - Richborough
		Richborough Castle - PORTVS RVTVPIAE - is known as the gateway to Roman Britain.
		Richborough is one of a number of Saxon Shore Forts built on the South Coast, marking the difficult times experienced across the huge Roman Empire in the third and fourth centuries, as it found itself increasingly under attack from barbarian pirates.
		Richborough Castle is located 1.5 miles NW of Sandwich, off the A257.
	www.open2.net /historyandthearts/history/locations_richborough.html (247 words)

	George Christopher Solley
		My grandmother was very proud of her Solley ancestry, and spoke with nostalgia of Richborough and the old days.
		George Solley of Richborough had married his second wife Selina Spooner, who was twenty-four years old and twenty-three years his junior, in 1866.
		I do not know whether payments were made from the trust, or if any, amounts were far less than expected, but it would seem that the family of William and Charlotte believed that they had been unfairly treated.
	www.sole.org.uk /gcsolley.htm (916 words)

	John Manley (archaeologist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Manley (born 1952) is a British archaeologist and author.
		His book, A.D., published by Tempus in 2002, is the first to give serious consideration to the archaeological evidence for the Roman invasion of Britain having taken place via alternative routes (as opposed to the traditional view of Richborough in Kent as the main landing-place).
		John Manley was educated at the University of Manchester, and has excavated throughout Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Manley_(archaeologist) (145 words)

	Ancient Monuments Laboratory
		This lies approximately 600m SW of the Roman fort built in the later third century to dominate and protect the Wantsum Channel that separated the Isle of Thanet from the mainland (Johnson 1999).
		The aim of this survey, in light of this limited knowledge, was to undertake an evaluation of the geophysical potential of the site, and to attempt to establish the nature of the monument and define its extent.
		Furthermore, despite the saturated soil conditions at the time of the survey the conductivity measurements are not so high as to preclude the use of ground penetrating radar over the site of the amphitheatre at a later date.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /reports/richborough (2784 words)

	Richborough Castle, Roman Forts In Kent, Richborough Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richborough Castle, Roman Forts In Kent, Richborough Castle
		The Roman Fort at Richborough dates back to the time of the invasion of Britain in AD43.
		Although probably not the original landing place of the invasion army (which is thought to be near Deal) the location close to the River Stour provided an easily accessible and safe landing place.
	www.yourcounty.co.uk /freetime/archive/discover/richboroughcastle.html (188 words)

	Amazon.com: Richborough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The romance of modern engineering, containgin decriptions in non-technical language of the mystery port of Richborough, the Nile dam, the Panama canal,...
		Second report on the excavation of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent (Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London) by J. P Bushe-Fox (Unknown Binding - 1928)
		Report on the excavation of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent (Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London) by J. P Bushe-Fox (Unknown Binding - 1926)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Richborough&index=blended&page=1 (392 words)

	Richborough - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Richborough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Richborough was the site of the Roman port Reputiae, the principal Roman port on the east coast of England in the 2nd and 3rd centuries; to the north of Sandwich on the River Stour are the remains of Richborough Castle, a Roman fort built in the 3rd century to defend the port.
		A transport depot was established here in 1916, and Richborough served as an embarkation port for the invasion of Normandy in World War II.
		The nearby power station was completed in 1963.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Richborough (165 words)

	Dame Margot Hamilton \| The Dowager Countess of Richborough
		To answer the frequently asked questions about it's origin, the ninth Earl of Richborough (Dame Margot's brother) has kindly agreed to our reproducing the history of this brooch here from the Richborough family's narrative historical archives.
		This item of antique jewellery is a Richborough family heirloom and has been in the family for generations - successive dowagers have worn the brooch either as widows or as spinsters, indeed, it is the tradition that it is worn only by the most senior woman of the family.
		Dame Margot is the eldest living female relative of the present Earl and as such it is her right to wear the brooch; upon her death the brooch will be passed to the present Countess who will refrain from wearing it until the death of her husband, the ninth Earl.
	www.freewebs.com /ladyrichborough/faqs.htm (741 words)

	British Archaeology, no 39, November 1998: Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		There is massive evidence at Richborough, including double defensive ditches of AD43, which have been traced for 600m across the headland adjacent to a great natural harbour.
		Nor were the domestic problems of a minor prince, Verica, the real reason for the full invasion of these islands, though he could have provided an all too familiar excuse.
		The recorded division of the force into three landings is only viable if the main force landed at Richborough (as the evidence demands), then Dover, and possibly Sussex where a smaller division might be poised to attack the West.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba39/ba39lets.html (977 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| First Roman town traced under Kent fields
		Ghostly images of the first Roman town in Britain are emerging, traced in faint lines across ploughed fields at Richborough in Kent.
		At Richborough, however, the team discoveredthe town had survived deep under almost two metres of soil which has drifted across the site in the last 2,000 years.
		Mr Wilmott comes to Richborough from the other extremity of Roman Britain, having spent 15 years working on Hadrian's Wall, battling the cold which letters found at Vindolanda show the Romans to have complained of bitterly.
	www.guardian.co.uk /uk_news/story/0,3604,573213,00.html (649 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is not easy to decide at this date between the four rival spots, each of which has claimed the distinction of being the place upon which St. Augustine and his companions first set foot.
		The Boarded Groin, Stonar, Ebbsfleet, and Richborough -- last named, if the present course of the Stour has not altered in thirteen hundred years, then forming part of the mainland -- each has its defenders.
		The curious in such matters may consult the special literature on the subject cited at the close of this article.
	www.cabletel-schools.org.uk /st.augustine.school/catholic_encyclopedia.htm (2868 words)

	Bigbury Pre-Roman Iron Age fort
		The walls at Richborough are massive, what one sees on approaching the site are the remnants of the Saxon Shore Fort built around AD 275 on the edge of the bluff by the Wantsum River which runs to the sea at Sandwich and north to Reculver.
		The beginning of second century must have seen Richborough in its heyday but by Antonine times (mid-2nd century) the entry port emphasis had switched from Richborough to Dover.
		The garrison at Richborough was a vexillation of Legio II Augusta, probably no more than 500 men.
	www.favonius.com /romans/richborough.htm (879 words)

	Osprey - The Roman Invasion of Britain
		Nineteenth-century historians speculated on various possibilities, but the most likely landing place was always Richborough, in north-east Kent, known to be the port of entry for Roman supplies during the subsequent, ongoing conquest, and the site of a victory monument erected soon after AD 80.
		In spite of the hectic pace of archaeology, the case for the Solent as the site of the Roman invasion, first proposed in a scholarly journal ten years ago, rested mainly on reinterpretation of the historical evidence rather than on new discoveries, and to a large extent it still does.
		The main objection to the Richborough site has long been that the defensive ditches, traced for about 600 metres and certainly dug about AD 43, enclosed far too small an area for the invasion force.
	www.ospreypublishing.com /content2.php/cid=266 (3865 words)

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