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Topic: Rician fading

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	Citations: Link-optimal space-time processing with multiple transmit and receive antennas - Farrokhi, Foschini, ...
		Rician fading model is applicable when the wireless link between the transmitter and the receiver has a direct path component in addition to the di used Rayleigh component.
		Rician fading is one such model [3, 5,6,15,16] Rician fading model is applicable when the wireless link between the transmitter and the receiver has a direct path component in addition to the di used Rayleigh component.
		rician fading components traditionally have been modeled as independent Gaussian components with a deterministic non zero mean [56, 65, 49, 15, 19, 59] Farrokhi et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1937973/0 (1693 words)

	fading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In telecommunications, fading is a change in the attenuation of a communications channel.
		The term "backhoe fade" is used humorously to describe the complete loss of signal that occurs in a communications cable when it is cut by a backhoe or other digging work.
		Fading (2001), is also the therapy written poetry book by singer /pianist Raven Oak.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /fading.html (184 words)

	Fading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rician fading The term "backhoe fade" is used humorously to describe the complete loss of signal that occurs in a communications cable when it is cut by a backhoe or other digging work.
		Backhoe fade is one of the most common causes of failure in subterranean cable s.
		Fading distribution Fading (2001), is also the therapy written poetry book by singer /pianist Raven Oak.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Fading.html (345 words)

	Patent 4945549: Trellis coded modulation for transmission over fading mobile satellite channel
		Fading, which for mobile satellite channels can be assumed to be modelled by a Rician distribution, not only introduces an error floor into the system but also makes the problem of carrier recovery more difficult.
		The faded noise-corrupted in-phase and quadrature signal components of the IF signal are: demodulated by a quadrature demodulator 21 aided by the pilot tone(s) from an extractor 22; q-bit quantized by a quantizer 23.sub.q for soft decision decoding; and then block deinterleaved by a deinterleaver 24.
		For mobile satellite communication, multipath fading produces a received signal with an amplitude which can be modelled by Rician statistics with parameter K representing the ratio of the power in the direct (line-of-sight) and specular component to that in the diffuse component.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4945549.html (6493 words)

	Rician Fading
		In Rician fading, a strong dominant component is present.
		Similar to the case of Rayleigh fading, the in-phase and quadrature phase component of the received signal are i.i.d.
		However, in Rician fading the mean value of (at least) one component is non-zero due to a deterministic strong wave.
	wireless.per.nl /reference/chaptr03/ricepdf/ricepdf.htm (424 words)

	Fading and Multipath Testing in Communications Systems/Nov96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The problems of fading and multipath result from a number of different effects, which can be categorized as attenuation, slow fading, multipath delay spread, and Rayleigh and Rician fading.
		Rayleigh fading occurs when a receiver operates in an environment where the received signals are made up of a series of reflections from a number of objects, and there is no significant path between the receiver and the transmitter.
		Rician fading occurs where there is a multiple source of reflected signals, but where an additional direct path transmission is present because of a direct line of sight between the transmitter and receiver.
	stewks.ece.stevens-tech.edu /EE685/TechArticles/mwjournal/article19/FadeTst.html (2096 words)

	Rician Fading Channel (Reference) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Rician Fading Channel block implements a baseband simulation of a Rician fading propagation channel.
		Fading causes the signal to spread and become diffuse.
		The K-factor parameter, which is part of the statistical description of the Rician distribution, represents the ratio between direct-path (unspread) power and diffuse power.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /~aer/matlab-help/toolbox/commblks/ref/ricianfadingchannel.html (364 words)

	Statistics of Sampled Rician Fading - Storming Media
		While it is well known that Rician distributed realizations fail to match observed phase fluctuations, Rician statistics provide a worst case description of the occurrence of deep fades.
		Thus the use of Rician statistics is attractive in slow fading situations where system performance has been rendered insensitive to phase variations.
		The purposes of this report are to provide new information on the temporal statistics of Rician fading (mean fade duration and separation) and to determine sampling requirements on realizations of the channel impulse response function with Rician amplitude statistics.
	www.stormingmedia.us /79/7931/A793162.html (175 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Rician factor K is the ratio of received power in the LOS component to that in the scattered NLOS components.
		But when the channel is Rician (with high K values), the delay diversity for example can create or aggravate intersymbol interference (ISI) and frequency selective fading of a permanent nature, i.
		Whether the channel is Rician or Rayleigh, reliable communication is made possible by using the techniques of the present invention.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/54305.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5163 words)

	Capacity Analyses of Wireless Channels in Ricean and Nakagami-m Fading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The receiver uses the channel knowledge to scale the decision regions, and with the assumption that the fading is i.i.d.
		To begin the simulation, it was necessary to generate plots of both the Rician and Nakagami-m power distributions as a function of SNR and of their respective fading parameters.
		Figure 10 demonstrates the same phenomenon seen in Figure 8, namely, the channel capacity in severe fading (small m) and low SNR with optimal power adaptation is actually greater than the case in no fading, due to the efficient distribution of power when the channel is good.
	www.waterston.org /john/ee359 (3721 words)

	The MathWorks - Communications Blockset - Multipath Fading Channel Demo
		Rayleigh and Rician fading channels are useful models of real-world phenomena in wireless communications.
		By default, the channel is modeled as four fading paths, each representing a cluster of multipath components received at around the same delay.
		The single-path fading channel is modeled as a complex gain, which captures both the attenuation and phase shift of the channel.
	www.mathworks.com /products/commblockset/demos.html?file=/products/demos/shipping/commblks/commmultipathfading_m.html (1730 words)

	Rician Fading Channel (Communications Blockset)
		The Rician Fading Channel block implements a baseband simulation of a Rician fading propagation channel.
		Fading causes the signal to spread and become diffuse.
		The K-factor parameter, which is part of the statistical description of the Rician distribution, represents the ratio between direct-path (unspread) power and diffuse power.
	www.technion.ac.il /guides/matlab/toolbox/commblks/ref/ricianfadingchannel.html (324 words)

	Effect of Macrodiversity on Average-Error Probabilities in a Rician Fading Channel with Correlated Lognormal Shadowing
		The effect of correlated lognormal shadowing on the average probability of error performance of narrow-band mobile communication systems with micro-and macrodiversity reception in a Rician fading channel is studied by considering a constant correlation model for the shadowed signals at the base stations.
		R. Prasad and A. Kegel, "Effects of Rician faded and lognormal shadowed signals on spectrum efficiency in microcellular radio", IEEE Trans.
		W. Lindsey, "Error probability for Rician fading multichannel reception of binary and N -ary signals", IEEE Trans.
	www.comsoc.org /comm/private/2001/jan/14_49comm01-zhang.html (435 words)

	[No title]
		The two fundamental effects are based on \begin{enumerate} \item the nature of the channel, i.e., the fact that multipath propagation can cause fading or frequency selectivity (or both), and \item the fact that its characteristics can vary with time.
		This is the essence of multipath \textit{flat-fading} channels: as time evolves, the phases and amplitudes of the pulse replicas vary, causing the received signal to fade in and out.
		It is very important to see that the \textit{shape} of the pulse has changed very little---in spite of changes in magnitude and phase, the pulse waveform is still intact.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /%7Epgf/ee599/class/introduction/fafs.tex (2460 words)

	Fading - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rician_fading The term "backhoe fade" is used humorously to describe the complete loss of signal that occurs in a communications cable when it is cut by a backhoe or other digging work.
		backhoe fade is one of the most common causes of failure in subterranean_cable s.
		The equivalent phenomenon in submarine_cable s occurs when a cable is snagged by a fishing net or anchor.
	www.indexsuche.com /Fading.html (161 words)

	[No title]
		The micro-cellular propagation channel typically is Rician : it contains a dominant direct component, with an amplitude determined by path loss, a set of early reflected waves adding (possibly distructively) with the dominant wave, and intersymbol interference caused by the excessively delayed waves, adding incoherently with the dominant wave.
		The model behind Rician fading is similar to that for Rayleigh fading, except that in Rician fading a strong dominant component is present.
		In a cellular network, shadow fading of the wanted signal received by the mobile station is likely to be correlated with the shadow fading of the interference caused by other base stations, or, in a spread-spectrum network, with the shadowing of simultaneously transmitted signals from the same base station.
	people.deas.harvard.edu /~jones/cscie129/prop_models/propagation.html (8856 words)

	[No title]
		In [3], it is shown that the deterministic nature of the bandlimited Doppler fading process is the cause of the numerical problems faced by AR simulators.
		Performance comparisons are then made with popular fading generation techniques to demonstrate the merits of the approach.
		Unlike competing approaches, the fading autocorrelation function is also easily specified, which makes the proposed AR simulator especially suited for the accurate emulation of nonisotropic /directional fading scenarios encountered in practical wireless communication systems.
	home.cogeco.ca /~kareemb/summary.htm (769 words)

	Rician Fading
		The model behind Rician fading is similar to that for Rayleigh fading, except that in Rician fading a strong dominant component is present.
		The derivation of the probability density function of amplitude is more involved than for Rayleigh fading, and a Bessel function occurs in the mathematical expression.
		It has been proposed to approximate this expression by the model for Nakagami fading, however, the behaviour of Nakagami and Rician fading in deep fades is essentially different.
	wireless.per.nl /reference/chaptr03/ricepdf/rice.htm (332 words)

	Mustafa Cenk Gursoy Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Noncoherent Rician Fading Channel — Part I : Structure of the Capacity Achieving Input,” accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2004.
		The Noncoherent Rician Fading Channel — Part II : Spectral Efficiency in the Low Power Regime,” accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2004.
		The Capacity of the Noncoherent Rician Fading Channel,” Princeton University Technical Report, December 2002.
	www.ee.unl.edu /faculty/gursoy (338 words)

	Analysis of Space-Time Codes
		We present a comprehensive analysis of multiple-antenna signaling in the presence of spatially or temporally correlated fading in [1].
		We consider spatially correlated fading on the transmit or receive side (or both), as well as combined spatially and temporally correlated fading.
		When the channel is spatially uncorrelated, the phase of the received signals are random, so the signals from the multiple transmit antennas may add constructively or destructively with equal probabilities.
	www.utd.edu /~aria/mcl/corrSTC (1135 words)

	Performance of MDPSK, MPSK, and Noncoherent MFSK in Wireless Rician Fading Channels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Performance comparisons for a range of values of the Rician parameter K, corresponding with the measured statistics of mobile and indoor wireless channels, are made for the different digital modulation schemes.
		Lindsey, "Error probabilities for Rician fading multichannel reception of binary and N-ary signals," IEEE Trans.
		Roberts and J. Bargallo, "DPSK performance for indoor wireless Rician fading channels," IEEE Trans.
	www.comsoc.org /comm/private/1999/jun/813_47comm06-sun.html (443 words)

	CommsDesign - RF fading stirs simulation, test issues
		This phenomenon is typically called fading, sometimes referred to as multipath (a specific type of fading) or the more general category of channel impairments.
		Rayleigh fading is a distribution that models channel propagation when there is no strong line-of-sight path from transmitter to receiver.
		A fading test solution for baseband device designers, like Agilent Technologies' "Baseband Studio for Fading" (an addition to the company's E4438C ESG vector signal generator), allows engineers to avoid the calibration problems associated with traditional fading simulators.
	www.commsdesign.com /in_focus/mixed_signals/OEG20030710S0040 (972 words)

	Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channel (Communications Blockset)
		The Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channel block implements a baseband simulation of a multipath Rayleigh fading propagation channel.
		Since a multipath channel reflects signals at multiple places, a transmitted signal travels to the receiver along several paths that may have different lengths and hence different associated time delays.
		Fading occurs when signals traveling along different paths interfere with each other.
	www.socsci.umn.edu /ssrf/doc/matlab/toolbox/commblks/multipathrayleighfadingch.html (527 words)

	Research Papers and Publications
		Under the constraint of the constant amplitude, the dimension partitioning method is developed to guarantee the possibility of correct detection for all transmitted information symbols and to further improve the transmission accuracy by increasing the size of decision regions.
		The BER performance of coherent quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK) with the channel pre-equalization is analyzed theoretically for both Rayleigh and Rician fading channels.
		Numerical analysis quantifies the severe performance degradation of code acquisition due to both MAI and channel fading, and demonstrates the dependence of the increase of mean acquisition time (due to MAI) on the number of users in the CDMA system, system design parameters, and channel fading statistics.
	www.cwc.uwaterloo.ca /abstracts.html (2733 words)

	Overview of Techniques for Mitigation of Fading And Shadowing in the Mobile Direct Broadcast Satellite Environment. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The combination of fade and non-fade duration statistics are commonly used to characterize the temporal nature of signal fading in the mobile channel.
		Figure 3a shows the joint fading statistic P2(,Z) averaged over the entire 45 minute run and parameterized on the allowed fade margin Z. At a time offset equal to zero, the y-axis value is the overall sample probability, P1(Z), that the signal fade exceeds the fade margin.
		The sharp drop off of the joint fade statistic for short delays indicates that a significant amount of fading is short duration interspersed with non-faded times and can be mitigated with short delay retransmission or a combination of interleaving and coding.
	yreka.stanford.edu /~djulian/Papers/prop3.html (6738 words)

	Project Report for EE359 - Wireless Communications
		In this project, we (we actually means I) investigate its bit error rate performance in Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m flat fading channels when the coherence time is in the order of the bit duration.
		For these flat fading channels, we chose Nakagami-m fading, from which Rayleigh and Rician fading follow as special cases.
		The results presented show that the penalty to no fading for moderately fading channels is small; for Nakagami-m with m parameters greater 3 it is within 2 dB.
	www.stanford.edu /~hengstle/Project_Report.htm (1849 words)

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