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Topic: Ricinus

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	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Bartonella henselae in Ixodes ricinus ticks (Ac... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) is the most common hard tick species in western Europe and has been established as the vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus, Babesia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia helvetica, and the agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophila, (24).
		Of the 271 ticks collected from patients, 268 were I. ricinus (98.9%); the other specimens were one female I. hexagonus (0.4%), one female Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.4%), and one female I. ventalloi (0.4%).
		Although the two genogroups of B. henselae, Marseille and Houston-1, are closely related, and the respective pathogenicity spectrum of the two serotypes has not been established, the serotypes could be differentiated on the basis of sequences of the groEL, C-terminal region of the ftsz gene and the pap31 gene (21,22).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:99147456&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (3060 words)

	Castor bean - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae and the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae.
		The name Ricinus is a Latin word for tick; the seed is so named because it has markings and a bump at the end which resemble certain ticks.
		It is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses, and ricin, a poison.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Castor_bean (329 words)

	Impact of Climatic Change on the Northern Latitude Limit and Population Density of the Disease-Transmitting European ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We examined whether a reported northward expansion of the geographic distribution limit of the disease-transmitting tick Ixodes ricinus and an increased tick density between the early 1980s and mid-1990s in Sweden was related to climatic changes.
		ricinus ticks are the primary vectors of the agents causing tickborne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme disease (3-5).
		ricinus ticks and the increase in tick population density in central and northern Sweden from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s were related to climatic changes.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2000/108p119-123lindgren/lindgren-full.html (4010 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Flora - Ricinus Comunis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The ricinus lectins act by inhibiting protein synthesis by destroying the ribosomes.
		Ricinus communis has had economic use in many parts of the world for its medicinal properties, despite potential toxic effects.
		Other uses of the extracts of Ricinus communis include as an additive in paints and varnishes, as an additive in high-preformance motor oil, and as the raw material from which sebacic acid is extracted.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/flora/ricinus-communis.htm (3755 words)

	Theses from Uppsala University : 524 - Host-seeking activity of Ixodes ricinus in relation to the epidemiology of Lyme ...
		ricinus in Sweden corresponds with the southern boundary of the taiga zone, as well as with several other climatic or vegetational isoclines primarily associated with the vegetation period.
		ricinus, were 0% in larvae, 5.8-13.1% in nymphs and 14.5-28.6% in adult ticks.
		Host-seeking activity of Ixodes ricinus in relation to the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis in Sweden.
	publications.uu.se /theses/abstract.xsql?lang=en&isbn=91-554-4842-9 (459 words)

	CDC - First Detection of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus from Italy
		An example is Rickettsia helvetica, which was originally isolated in 1979 from Ixodes ricinus but was shown to have pathologic relevance only in 1999, when it was associated with fatal perimyocarditis in two Swedish men (3).
		ricinus is found with high prevalence in the Italian Alps and Apennines (reaching 96% of all ticks collected in some areas) and in almost all other Italian regions that contain humid, forested habitats (7).
		ricinus is one of the most abundant tick species in Italy, having a very low host specificity and a record of attacking large numbers of humans (8).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol8no9/02-0060.htm (2204 words)

	Castorbean
		The castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, is a "native of tropical Africa cultivated in several varieties for the oil found in its leaves and for its bold foliage."(Alber and Alber)
		The seeds from the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, are poisonous to people, animals and insects.
		Now we know that the agglutination was due to another toxin that was also present, called RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin).
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /plants/castorbean.html (932 words)

	CRTBI - Extended Abstracts - The biology of Ixodes ticks, with special... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		More typical habitats for I. ricinus and other members of the species complex throughout their ranges are deciduous and mixed woodlands, that generally provide the conditions for the free-living phases of the life-cycle and usually also harbour a diverse array of tick hosts.
		For example, in I. ricinus a behavioural diapause, manifesting as quiescence of newly moulted unfed stages, occurs in ticks conditioned in the previous instar by a long-day photoperiod, and this tends to delay questing until the spring of the following year.
		It is probable that populations of I. ricinus differ in their propensity to undergo diapause, which may explain variations in results obtained by investigators of this topic.
	www.zooeco.org /zooeco/soczee/meetings/CRTBI/abstract/grey.asp (3922 words)

	Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Sheep in the Acute and Post-Acute Phases of ...
		Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Sheep in the Acute and Post-Acute Phases of Infection -- Ogden et al.
		Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Sheep in the Acute and Post-Acute Phases of Infection
		Resistance of sheep to laboratory infestations of the tick Ixodes ricinus.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/4/2071 (5609 words)

	Castor Bean Plant
		Although it is native to the Ethiopian region of tropical east Africa, the castor bean or castor plant (Ricinus communis) has become naturalized in tropical and warm temperate regions throughout the world, and is becoming an increasingly abundant weed in the southwestern United States.
		Castor plants are very common along stream banks, river beds, bottom lands, and just about any hot area where the soil is well drained and with sufficient nutrients and moisture to sustain the vigorous growth.
		Ricinus is the Latin word for tick and is the specific epithet for the Mediterranean sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus).
	waynesword.palomar.edu /plmar99.htm (5282 words)

	Ricinus communis L. (PIM 471)
		Ricinus communis L. Ricinus communis L. 1.1 Scientific name
		Ingestion of any part of Ricinus communis is an indication for admission to hospital for close observation.
		Ingestion of seeds of Ricinus communis is a common cause of consultation at CIAT (Montevideo).
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/plant/ricinus.htm (2006 words)

	Ricinus communis (ricino) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A fatal case of canine poisoning by castor bean (Ricinus communis L) cake used as fertilizer is described, heat treatment The process of R communis cake production should include heat treatment to reduce the risk if the product is accidentally ingested by pets or humans.
		Lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris, Momordica charantia, Ricinus communis and its constituent chains, and Agaricus bisporus were able to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
		Ricin from Ricinus communis and R. sanguineus were treated with diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate, an irreversible serine esterase inhibitor, and their lipolytic activities on BAL-TC(4) and pNPC(10), and cytotoxic activity, were concurrently recorded.
	www.plantasmedicinales.org /abstract/sept2002/Ricinus_communis.htm (1762 words)

	Urban Entomology [Ebeling Chap. 9 part 3] Pests Attacking Mand and His Pets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This species is related to the European castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus (L.), and in fact was formerly considered to be a variety of that species.
		Ixodes ricinus spends most of its life in microclimates of very high humidity, so desiccation forces the tick to periodically move down to the moist base of the herbage upon which it has climbed so that it can absorb moisture through its cuticle.
		One is reminded of similar periodic trips of subterranean termites, via their shelter tubes, from dry structural timbers to moist subterranean galleries where they can replenish their body moisture by cuticular absorption.
	www.entomology.ucr.edu /ebeling/ebel9-3.html (19692 words)

	Diversity of Babesia Infecting European Sheep Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) -- Duh et al. 39 (9): 3395 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		Ixodes ricinus is the most prevalent and widely distributed tick in Slovenia.
		Identity of ehrlichial DNA sequences derived from Ixodes ricinus ticks with those obtained from patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia.
		Walter, G. Isolation of Babesia microti (Franca 1912) from free-living nymphs of Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus 1758).
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/9/3395 (1332 words)

	PCR Detection of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Wild Small Mammals in Western Switzerland -- Liz ...
		ricinus ticks (adults, nymphs, and, occasionally, larvae) were collected by flagging vegetation.
		Detection of HGE agent-like Ehrlichia in Ixodes ricinus ticks in northern Italy by PCR.
		Detection of Ehrlichia phagocytophila DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks from areas in Switzerland where tick-borne fever is endemic.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/3/1002 (4839 words)

	Ricinus Communis Agglutinin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ricinus Communis Agglutinin II (RCA II, RCA60, ricin) TOXIC!
		Ricinus communis agglutinin I is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 120,000.
		Ricinus communis agglutinin II is an extremely toxic glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide-linked chains of about 28,000 daltons and 32,000 daltons, termed A and B chain, respectively.
	www.vectorlabs.com /Lectins/LRCA.html (523 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Ixodes spp
		Ixodes ricinus, the so-called sheep tick and prototype of this group, inhabits relatively humid, cool, shrubby and wooded pastures, gardens, windbreaks, floodplains, and forest through much of Europe to the Caspian Sea and northern Iran, and also northwestern Africa.
		It is the chief vector of Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus, and it transmits Babesia spp and the agents of ovine anaplasmosis, plague, and tularemia.
		Ixodes scapularis (also a member of the I ricinus group) is a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease in northeastern and north central USA and Southern Canada; it is also a vector of Babesia microti, the agent of human babesiosis in coastal areas from New York to Massachusetts.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/72107.htm (684 words)

	Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Granulocytic and Monocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Southern ...
		Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Granulocytic and Monocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Southern Germany -- Baumgarten et al.
		Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Granulocytic and Monocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Southern Germany
		ricinus ticks from dogs, according to origin, sex, and engorgement status, and results of nested PCR for the detection of B.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/37/11/3448 (3259 words)

	Nitrate reductases from leaves of Ricinus (Ricinus communis L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) have different ...
		Ricinus was grown hydroponically at the indicated nitrate concentrations in the nutrient solution.
		After 26 d one part of the plants was illuminated for 3 h after the end of the normal dark period, whereas another part was kept for a further 3 h in the dark.
		Response of NR from Ricinus and from spinach to a preincubation with MgATP (1 mM)
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/347/1099 (3271 words)

	Darkness induces mobility, and saturation deficit limits questing duration, in the tick Ixodes ricinus -- Perret et al. ...
		Light cycles are indicated by the broken lines, with full intensity beginning at 10.00 h in A and at 10.00 h and 22.00 h in B.
		ricinus nymphs at saturation deficits of (A) 9.3 mmHg, (B) 3.5 mmHg and (C) 1.9 mmHg (1 mmHg=133.3 Pa).
		Milne, A. The ecology of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L. Microhabitat economy of the adult tick.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/11/1809 (3402 words)

	Rickettsia monacensis sp. nov., a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, from Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) Collected in a European ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		ricinus and propagated in mammalian cell cultures (5, 46).
		Ixodes ricinus: vector of a hitherto undescribed spotted fever group agent in Switzerland.
		Rickettsia helvetica in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Sweden.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/9/4559 (4740 words)

	First isolation and characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains from Ixodes ricinus ticks in Turkey -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		First isolation and characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains from Ixodes ricinus ticks in Turkey -- Güner et al.
		Ixodes ricinus is the prominent vector tick and transmits five
		Identification of four genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a Lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern Croatia.
	jmm.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/9/807 (3347 words)

	RICIN TOXIN FROM CASTOR BEAN PLANT, RICINUS COMMUNIS
		5% of the Ricinus seed consists of ricin and RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin).
		This ribosome-inactivating enzyme (32 kDa), also known as the A chain, is linked by a disulfide bond to the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectin (34 kDa), also called the B chain.
		Pathological effects of feeding roasted castor bean meal Ricinus communis to chicks.
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /plants/toxicagents/ricin/ricin.html (2008 words)

	Simultaneous Infection of Ixodes ricinus Nymphs by Two Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Species
		Data from European studies indicate that in humans, particular Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies may be associated with specific clinical manifestations of Lyme disease.
		This species may actually be prevalent in this study area or may have a greater tropism for dermal tissue and/or for the peripheral circulatory system of the vertebrate than the other two species.
		In infected nymphs, the simultaneous presence of more than one genospecies in unfed nymphs of I. ricinus was not exceptional (24%), and all combinations of two species were observed.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol1no3/pichon.htm (831 words)

	Digital Flora of Texas Vascular Plant Image Library query results: Ricinus communis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis - infructescences - cultivar pigment variation - photo: Hugh Wilson
		Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis - seeds with caruncles on palmately veined leaf - photo: Hugh Wilson
		Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis - - Native, native, from Venezuela (whole plant) - photo: Thomas Schöpke
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/cgi/gallery_query?q=Ricinus+communis (202 words)

	White Flower Farm: Castor Beans
		Sorry, we will stop accepting orders for spring-shipped plants at 11 a.m.
		This genus has but one species, Ricinus communis, but it has been cultivated for at least 6,000 years.
		Ancient Egyptians burned oil from the seed in lamps.
	www.whiteflowerfarm.com /77474-product.html (164 words)

	NPR : Castor Bean Plant : Ketzel Levine's Talking Plants
		Of course you could say the same for the berries of Daphne mezereum (February daphne) and Hedera helix (common ivy), though admittedly, I can't verify just what constitutes a lethal dose.
		If you're interested in learning more about invasive plants, Ketzel Levine talks about invasive exotic plants, many of which are still sold in nurseries and coveted by unsuspecting gardeners.
		Read about the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis, and the poison which can be derived from its seeds.
	www.npr.org /programs/talkingplants/features/2003/castorbean (529 words)

	Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) - HEAR species info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nomenclatural information about Ricinus communis is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.
		Nomenclatural information about Ricinus communis is provided by ITIS.
		Copyright-free images of Ricinus communis from USGS by Forest and Kim Starr are available online.
	www.hear.org /species/ricinus_communis (174 words)

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