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Topic: Rickettsia

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsiales

Bartonella

Ehrlichiosis

Rickettsia prowazekii

Typhus

Lyme Disease

Disease

Rhizobiales

Epidemic typhus

Alpha Proteobacteria

Calciferol

Bacterium

Babesiosis

Incubation period

	Rickettsia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia are carried as parasites by many ticks, fleas, and lice, and cause diseases such as typhus, rickettsialpox, Brill-Zinsser disease, Boutonneuse fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and endemic typhus in human beings.
		Because of this, Rickettsia cannot live in artificial nutrient environments and are grown either in tissue or embryo cultures (typically, chicken embryos are used).
		In fact, of all the microbes known, the Rickettsia is probably the closest "relative" (in phylogenetic sense) to the mitochondria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rickettsia (562 words)

	Rickettsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rickettsia rickettsii is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and is the prototype bacterium in the spotted fever group of rickettsiae.
		Rickettsia prowazekii is the cause of epidemic or louse-borne typhus and is the prototypical bacterium from the typhus group of rickettsiae.
		Rickettsiae are inoculated into the dermis of the skin by a tick bite or through damaged skin from the feces of lice or fleas.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Rickettsia.html (5043 words)

	Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella
		Attachment of rickettsiae to the surface of an endothelial cell is followed by their entry into the cell via rickettsia- induced phagocytosis.
		Rickettsiae are propelled through the host cell cytoplasm by stimulating the polymerization of host cell F-actin, seen in the comet-like 'tail' (arrow).
		The rickettsia in tick are in a dormant state and must be activated by the warm blood meal and released into the saliva of the tick.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/ricketsia.htm (3528 words)

	rickettsia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Rickettsias are named after their discoverer, the American pathologist Harold Taylor Ricketts, who died of typhus in Mexico after confirming the infectious agent of that rickettsial disease.
		Rickettsias are gram-negative, coccoid-shaped or rod-shaped bacteria; unlike other bacteria, but like viruses, they require a living host (a living cell) to survive.
		Rickettsias from infected vertebrates, usually mammals, live and multiply in the gastrointestinal tract of an arthropod carrier but do not cause disease there; they are transmitted to another vertebrate, possibly one of another species, by the arthropod’s mouthparts or feces.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/ricktsia.html (413 words)

	Rickettsial Pathogens and their Arthropod Vectors
		Although rickettsiae have a symbiotic relationship with their arthropod hosts, in some instances, they act as true parasites—for example, members of the Wolbachia and Orientia tsutsugamushi alter reproduction and manipulate cellular processes in their arthropod hosts (4), and the agent of epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, kills its vector, the human body louse (5).
		The rickettsiae are confined primarily to the tick posterior diverticulae of the midgut, the small intestine, and most importantly, the ovaries.
		The tick-rickettsia interrelationships are complex, and the mechanisms used by rickettsiae to survive in unfed overwintering ticks or during molting are poorly understood.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no2/azad.htm (3672 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 38
		Rickettsia and Orientia species are transmitted by the bite of infected ticks or mites or by the feces of infected lice or fleas.
		Rickettsiae are important causes of human diseases in the United States (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever, murine typhus, sylvatic typhus, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and rickettsialpox) and around the world (Q fever, murine typhus, scrub typhus, epidemic typhus, boutonneuse fever, and other spotted fevers) (Table 38-2).
		Rickettsiae are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks and mites and by the feces of infected lice and fleas.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch038.htm (5655 words)

	Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma
		To differentiate the rickettsia, chlamydia and mycoplasma on the basis of cell structure, metabolism, genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, routes of disease transmission and methods of diagnosis.
		Under poor nutritional conditions, the rickettsia cease dividing and grow into long filamentous forms, which subsequently undergo rapid and multiple division into the typical short rod forms when fresh nutrient is added.
		In their arthropod vectors, the rickettsia multiply in the epithelium of the intestinal tract; they are excreted in the feces, but occasionally gain access to the arthropods salivary glands.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/Tritzmed/LECTS/RICKETT.HTM (2925 words)

	Rickettsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Rickettsia are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that infect mammals and arthropods.
		Rickettsia replicate in the cytoplasm and nucleus of their host cell; Coxiella replicate only in the phagolysosome.
		Typhus, spotted fever and trench fever are transmitted via arthropod vectors; Q fever is acquired via inhalation or ingestion of contaminated milk or food.
	www.cehs.siu.edu /fix/medmicro/ricke.htm (461 words)

	Rickettsia Rickettsii
		The chemical composition of rickettsiae is similar to that of gram negative bacteria.
		RMSF rickettsiae do not kill their arthropod hosts but are passed through unending generations of tick’s transovarially.
		Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by rickettsia rickettsii bacteria that infect humans through a tick bite, and the longer it stays attached to the skin, the greater chance of infection; usually, several hours are necessary.
	www.lcusd.net /lchs/mewoldsen/SPeltzer.html (783 words)

	Rickettsia helvetica
		This rickettsia is poorly studied and has been considered non-pathogenic, Rickettsia isolated from man is considered pathogenic while Rickettsia only isolated from ticks is considered as organisms of ”unknown pathogenicity”.
		Due to the bio hazard all Rickettsias are classified as P3, we have for this project organised a P3 laboratory with a P4 bench.
		It is well known that Rickettsia in human multiply in endothelium and in the small vessel muscular layer with segmental nodule as a consequents.
	www.mdh.se /ibk/forskning/carlpahlson/program (1840 words)

	eMedicine - Typhus : Article by Jason F Okulicz, MD
		Rickettsia prowazekii, which is the etiologic agent of typhus, lives in the alimentary tract of the louse.
		Rickettsia are pleomorphic bacteria that may appear as cocci or bacilli and are obligate intracellular parasites.
		Saah AJ: Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic or louse-borne typhus).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2332.htm (3186 words)

	Rickettsia: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Typhus is a name given to several similar diseases caused by rickettsiae bacteria....
		Epidemic typhus is a form of typhus caused by the bacillus rickettsia prowazekii, carried by the human body louse pediculus humanus....
		Endemic typhus is caused by certain species of rickettsia - namely rickettsia typhir....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ri/rickettsia.htm (668 words)

	Rickettsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rickettsia conorii causes Mediterranean spotted fever in humans and is contracted by contact with infected brown dog ticks.
		Rickettsia bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens that are dependent on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic host cell.
		Rickettsia bacteria are commonly carried by anthropods like ticks, mites, lice, or fleas.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/proteobacteria/Rickettsia/Rickettsia.htm (746 words)

	STEFAN KRYNSKI, EUGENIUSZ BECLA, MARIAN MACHEL - WEIGL'S METHOD OF INTRARECTAL INOCULATION OF LICE IN RODUCTION OF ...
		Rickettsiae released into the intestinal lumen start to attack healthy epithelial cells and the second period of louse infection is thus initiated.
		The supernatant containing rickettsiae is withdrawn and the residue is washed twice The rickettsial suspension is then subjected to centrifugation during 1 h at the speed of 5000-6000 r.p.m.
		Rickettsia rocha-limae in spite of abundant multiplication in epithelium cells of louse stomach does not cause its reddening and death.
	www.lwow.home.pl /Weigl/krynski/teoria.html (8475 words)

	A Flea-Associated Rickettsia Pathogenic for Humans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A rickettsia named the ELB agent, or Rickettsia felis, was identified by molecular biology techniques in American fleas in 1990 and later in four patients from Texas and Mexico.
		The ELB agent has genotypic and phenotypic characteristics typical of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, and our failure to isolate the organism at human body temperature indicates that this relatively high temperature is not optimal for the efficient recovery of the organism, as is observed with other human pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium leprae, Yersinia sp.).
		In vitro and in vivo antibiotic susceptibilities of ELB rickettsiae.
	www.cfsresearch.org /rickettsia/research/8.htm (3960 words)

	Mechanisms of Evolution in Rickettsia conorii and R. prowazekii -- Ogata et al. 293 (5537): 2093 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rickettsia conorii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Mediterranean spotted fever in humans.
		Expression of the Rickettsia prowazekii pld or tlyC Gene in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Mediates Phagosomal Escape.
		Prediction of resistance to erythromycin in the genus Rickettsia by mutations in L22 ribosomal protein.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/293/5537/2093 (1958 words)

	Rickettsia
		Rickettsia is a unique genus classified between a virus and a bacteria.
		For now, rickettsiae is considered to be a small obligate parasitic bacterium with widely varying shapes.
		These rickettsia remain viable on drying, and can be carried on dust particles through the air, especially from barns or other indoor livestock areas.
	www.innvista.com /health/microbes/bacteria/rickett.htm (1655 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Rickettsia - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia are carried as parasites by many ticks, fleas, and lice, and cause diseases such as typhus, scrub typhus[?], rickettsialpox[?], Brill-Zinsser disease[?], Boutonneuse fever[?], and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in human beings.
		Judging by the scientific literature, research into the genetics of rickettsiae has been less intense than into that of viruses and other bacteria.
		Diseases caused by some other bacteria, such as Coxiella burnetii[?], the cause of Q fever, are also considered rickettsial diseases, though the organisms are no longer considered particularly close relatives.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/ri/Rickettsia (191 words)

	TYPHUS FEVER ON THE EASTERN FRONT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Typhus fever, by contrast, is a disease of filth.
		Because lice are extremely temperature sensitive they will move from the body of a person suffering from typhus fever as quickly as from a dead person.
		Rickettsia prowazeki multiplies in the louse's gut and is excreted in large amounts when the louse defecates.
	scarab.msu.montana.edu /historybug/WWI/TEF.htm (2678 words)

	Rickettsia and Associated Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vaccines exist for several of the pathogenic rickettsia and are recommended for at risk populations.
		This scratching spreads rickettsia shed in the feces into the bite and blood stream of the person.
		prowazekii, the rickettsia is shed in the feces of the insect vector and scratching of the bite site by the person spreads the infected feces into the bite.
	www.ivytech.net /twmurphy/text_pg/ricket.htm (861 words)

	rickettsia on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Spain: molecular evidence in Hyalomma marginatum and five other tick spe...
		RICKETTSIA [rickettsia], any of a group of very small microorganisms, many disease-causing, that live in vertebrates and are transmitted by bloodsucking parasitic arthropods such as fleas, lice (see louse), and ticks.
		Presence of Rickettsia felis in the cat flea from Southwestern Europe (1).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r1/ricktsia.asp (622 words)

	Rickettsia united states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, caused by rickettsia ricketsii bacteria, is an infection transmitted by...
		Its cause is Rickettsia rickettsii, a small pleomorphic obligate...
		The disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a species of bacteria...
	united.fowak.com /index.php?kid=rickettsia-united-states (124 words)

	Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian ...
		Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian Spotted Fever Is Endemic -- Labruna et al.
		Rickettsiae possess a characteristic gram-negative morphology, with an electron-lucent "halo" or slime layer (arrowheads) adjacent to the cell wall (small arrow) and a cytoplasmic membrane (large arrow) separated from the cell wall by the periplasmic space.
		Rickettsial cytoplasmic membrane (large solid arrow) A higher magnification of the cell wall revealed a cell wall membrane with an inner leaflet (arrowheads) that is slightly thicker than the outer leaflet (small solid arrow), and an associated electron-lucent slime layer (asterisk) adjacent to the outer cell wall.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/1/90 (4877 words)

	In Vitro Activities of Telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia africae, ...
		In Vitro Activities of Telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia prowazekii, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella bacilliformis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis -- Rolain et al.
		In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii: plaque assay and microplaque colorimetric assay.
		In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/5/1391 (1385 words)

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