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Topic: Rickettsia rickettsii

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	Rickettsia
		Rickettsia rickettsii is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and is the prototype bacterium in the spotted fever group of rickettsiae.
		Rickettsia prowazekii is the cause of epidemic or louse-borne typhus and is the prototypical bacterium from the typhus group of rickettsiae.
		Rickettsiae enter dermal cells including endothelium and proliferate locally intracellularly with endothelial cell-to-cell spread for most SFG rickettsioses resulting in an eschar or tache noire, a zone of dermal and epidermal necrosis approximately 1 cm in diameter with a surrounding zone of erythema.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /Rickettsia.html (5043 words)

	Rickettsia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rickettsia is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), rods (1-4 μm long) or thread-like (10 μm long).
		Because of this, Rickettsia cannot live in artificial nutrient environments and are grown either in tissue or embryo cultures (typically, chicken embryos are used).
		Rickettsia species are carried as parasites by many ticks, fleas, and lice, and cause diseases such as typhus, rickettsialpox, Brill-Zinsser disease, Boutonneuse fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and endemic typhus in human beings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rickettsia (613 words)

	HealthGene - Rickettsia rickettsii
		Rickettsia rickettsii is an obligate intracellular parasite from the family Rickettsiaceae, and is responsible for RMSF.
		Rickettsiae are disseminated via the circulatory system and invade and replicate in endothelial cells of smaller arteries and venules.
		Therefore, any antibody reactivity to Rickettsia rickettsii should also be considered group-reactive for other spotted fever group members, which are likely not involved in disease pathogenesis because Rickettsia richettsii is the only group member in the western hemisphere known to infect people and dogs.
	www.healthgene.com /vet/d415.asp (534 words)

	Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella
		Attachment of rickettsiae to the surface of an endothelial cell is followed by their entry into the cell via rickettsia- induced phagocytosis.
		Rickettsiae are propelled through the host cell cytoplasm by stimulating the polymerization of host cell F-actin, seen in the comet-like 'tail' (arrow).
		The rickettsia in tick are in a dormant state and must be activated by the warm blood meal and released into the saliva of the tick.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/ricketsia.htm (3528 words)

	Rickettsial Pathogens and their Arthropod Vectors
		Although rickettsiae have a symbiotic relationship with their arthropod hosts, in some instances, they act as true parasites—for example, members of the Wolbachia and Orientia tsutsugamushi alter reproduction and manipulate cellular processes in their arthropod hosts (4), and the agent of epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, kills its vector, the human body louse (5).
		The rickettsiae are confined primarily to the tick posterior diverticulae of the midgut, the small intestine, and most importantly, the ovaries.
		The tick-rickettsia interrelationships are complex, and the mechanisms used by rickettsiae to survive in unfed overwintering ticks or during molting are poorly understood.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no2/azad.htm (3672 words)

	Rickettsia rickettsii
		Mechanism: Rickettsia rickettsii are maintained in nature by transstadial passage within, and transovarial (vertical) transmission between generations of ixodid ticks (Warner and Wallace, 2002).
		Rickettsiae are inoculated into the pool of blood in the dermis from which the tick is feeding.
		Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, was lethal for the majority of experimentally and transovarially infected Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni).
	pathport.vbi.vt.edu /pathinfo/pathogens/rickettsii_2.html (11392 words)

	Rickettsia - MicrobeWiki
		Rickettsia conorii causes Mediterranean spotted fever in humans and is contracted by contact with infected brown dog ticks.
		Rickettsia bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens that are dependent on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic host cell.
		Rickettsia bacteria are commonly carried by anthropods like ticks, mites, lice, or fleas.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Rickettsia (774 words)

	Rickettsia Rickettsii
		The chemical composition of rickettsiae is similar to that of gram negative bacteria.
		RMSF rickettsiae do not kill their arthropod hosts but are passed through unending generations of tick’s transovarially.
		Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by rickettsia rickettsii bacteria that infect humans through a tick bite, and the longer it stays attached to the skin, the greater chance of infection; usually, several hours are necessary.
	www.lcusd.net /lchs/mewoldsen/SPeltzer.html (783 words)

	Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma
		The rickettsia have many of the metabolic capabilities of bacteria, but require an exogenous supply of cofactors to express these capabilities.
		Under poor nutritional conditions, the rickettsia cease dividing and grow into long filamentous forms, which subsequently undergo rapid and multiple division into the typical short rod forms when fresh nutrient is added.
		In their arthropod vectors, the rickettsia multiply in the epithelium of the intestinal tract; they are excreted in the feces, but occasionally gain access to the arthropods salivary glands.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/RICKETT.HTM (2941 words)

	Zoonosis: Rocky Mountain spotted fever
		Rickettsia rickettsii are small (0.2 X 0.5 μm to 0.3 X 2.0 μm) coccobacillary, gram-negative, obligate intracellular parasites in the family Rickettsiaceae.
		Rickettsia rickettsii are maintained in nature by transstadial passage within, and transovarial (vertical) transmission between, generations of ixodid ticks.
		A positive polymerase chain reaction for R rickettsii antigen, positive immunofluoresence from a skin lesion biopsy or autopsy specimen, or the isolation of R rickettsii from a clinical specimen are also considered diagnostic.
	www.avma.org /reference/zoonosis/znrockymountain.asp (4130 words)

	Rickettsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Rickettsia are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that infect mammals and arthropods.
		Rickettsia replicate in the cytoplasm and nucleus of their host cell; Coxiella replicate only in the phagolysosome.
		Typhus, spotted fever and trench fever are transmitted via arthropod vectors; Q fever is acquired via inhalation or ingestion of contaminated milk or food.
	www.cehs.siu.edu /fix/medmicro/ricke.htm (461 words)

	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
		It is caused by infection with the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii (R. rickettsii), which is usually transmitted by a tick bite.
		rickettsii infection may affect blood vessels, tissues, and organs throughout the body, including the lungs, brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), heart, liver, and kidneys.
		In many cases, the R. rickettsii bacterium is transmitted from infected ticks to their offspring; in other instances, uninfected ticks may become carriers (i.e., vectors) by feeding on infected mammals (e.g., rodents or dogs).
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord600.htm (5081 words)

	UR Faculty: Sanjeev Sahni
		Rickettsia rickettsii is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever; it is also a NIAID Category C Priority Pathogen, and considered part of the NIAID Biodefense research effort.
		Nuclear factor kappa B protects against host cell apoptosis during Rickettsia rickettsii infection by inhibiting activation of apical and effector caspases and maintaining mitochondrial integrity.
		Rickettsia rickettsii infection of cultured human endothelial cells induces heme oxygenase 1 expression.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /gebs/faculty/Sanjeev_Sahni.htm (480 words)

	Lethal Effect of Rickettsia rickettsii on Its Tick Vector (Dermacentor andersoni) -- Niebylski et al. 65 (2): 773 -- ...
		Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, was lethal for the majority of experimentally
		Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii in saliva, hemolymph and triturated tissues of infected Dermacentor andersoni ticks by polymerase chain reaction.
		The characterization of strain virulence of Rickettsia rickettsii.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/65/2/773 (3774 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Rickettsia rickettsii - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Rickettsia rickettsii: acute, infectious, sometimes fatal disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii usually transmitted by ixodid ticks; occurs only in North and South America; manifestations include chills, fever, rash, headache, myalgia, and prostration.
		Rickettsia rickettsii : species of gram negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
		Rickettsia rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most severe and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/rickettsia_rickettsii.htm (453 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever : Article by Allon Amitai, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Rickettsia rickettsii is the organism responsible for RMSF.
		Therefore, the chance of an individual tick harboring Rickettsia rickettsii is slight, and prophylactic treatment for a tick bite is not indicated.
		Rickettsia enter the skin and spread via lymphatics to the bloodstream and attach to their target cells, vascular endothelial cells.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic510.htm (3027 words)

	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Dogs
		It is caused by the organism Rickettsia rickettsii, a small gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite from the family Rickettsiaceae.
		Rickettsia appear as red particles in the cytoplasm of the cells (Gimenez stain).
		Due to the lack of a vaccine against Rickettsia rickettsii, the best way to prevent dogs from contracting RMSF is to limit their exposure to ticks.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/clerk/otis (1917 words)

	Evaluation of a PCR Assay for Quantitation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Closely Related Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae ...
		Rickettsia rickettsii infection in the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum: kinetics of infection and quantitation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by RT-PCR.
		Differentiation of spotted fever group rickettsiae by sequencing and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified DNA of the gene encoding the protein rOmpA.
		Role of the nitric oxide synthase pathway in inhibition of growth of interferon-sensitive and interferon-resistant Rickettsia prowazekii strains in L929 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/12/5466 (3792 words)

	Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian ...
		Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian Spotted Fever Is Endemic -- Labruna et al.
		Rickettsiae possess a characteristic gram-negative morphology, with an electron-lucent "halo" or slime layer (arrowheads) adjacent to the cell wall (small arrow) and a cytoplasmic membrane (large arrow) separated from the cell wall by the periplasmic space.
		PINTER, A., LABRUNA, M. Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in Cell Culture from the Tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil..
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/1/90 (4919 words)

	In Vitro Activities of Telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia africae, ...
		In Vitro Activities of Telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia prowazekii, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella bacilliformis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis -- Rolain et al.
		In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii: plaque assay and microplaque colorimetric assay.
		In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/5/1391 (1433 words)

	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
		Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease caused by infection with Rickettsia rickettsii (R.
		rickettsii is usually carried by ticks: Most people who develop RMSF do so after being bitten by one of two types of ticks - the American dog tick in the eastern and central United States, and the Rocky Mountain wood tick in the Rocky Mountain states and southwestern Canada.
		rickettsii, the longer that tick stays attached, the more likely it is to transmit the bacteria through its mouth into the person's blood.
	kidshealth.org /teen/infections/bacterial_viral/rocky_mountain.html (752 words)

	Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) Antibody, IgG by ELISA
		Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) Antibody, IgG by ELISA
		This test is for antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii.
		Any antibody reactivity to Rickettsia rickettsii should, however, also be considered group-reactive for the Spotted Fever group (Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia honei, Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia japonica, Rickettsia australis, and Rickettsia sibirica).
	www.aruplab.com /guides/ug/tests/0050369.jsp (280 words)

	Isolation of a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, Rickettsia peacockii, in a Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor ...
		Rickettsiae are obligately intracellular gram-negative bacteria, some of which are pathogens of arthropods and mammals (5).
		in ticks are speculated to have arisen from pathogenic rickettsiae
		Nonpathogenic rickettsiae in Dermacentor andersoni: a limiting factor for the distribution of Rickettsia rickettsii, p.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/2/546 (3918 words)

	Quantitative Analyses of Variations in the Injury of Endothelial Cells Elicited by 11 Isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii ...
		Rickettsia rhipicephali, a new spotted fever group rickettsia from the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, p.
		Rickettsia rickettsii infection of human endothelial cells: oxidative injury and reorganization of cytoskeleton, p.
		Rickettsia rickettsii infection of the EA.hy 926 endothelial cell line: morphological response to infection and evidence for oxidative injury.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/8/4/788 (5494 words)

	PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE IN HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN A BRAZILIAN SPOTTED ...
		Ancestral divergence of Rickettsia bellii from the spotted fever and typhus groups of Rickettsia and antiquity of the genus Rickettsia.
		Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
		Rickettsia bellii and Rickettsia amblyommii in Amblyomma ticks from the state of Rondonia, western Amazon, Brazil.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/71/1/93 (3202 words)

	Fuller Laboratories : Rickettsia IFA and ELISA Products
		Rickettsia are intracellular Proteobacteria associated with arthropods, including fleas, body lice, mites and ticks.
		With the large spotted fever group the antigens are currently a mix of rOmpA and rOmpB, which show excellent group sensitivity, with added sensitivity for the particular species the antigens were isolated from.
		with Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia typhi in separate microwells within each test well, for simultaneous detection of spotted fever and typhus group antibody.
	www.fullerlabs.com /fram/rickettsia/rick_human.html (554 words)

	Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a species of bacteria that is spread to humans by hard ticks (Ixodidae).
		rickettsii to female ticks through body fluids or spermatozoa during the mating process.
		rickettsii or serve as experimental vectors in the laboratory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever (2250 words)

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