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Topic: Rif languages

	Er Rif. Language
		This group of different languages, but married by their ownership common to the ethnos amazigh, it has come to be generically, in growing consent, denominated as the language of the Middle Atlas, the tamazight, as general term that includes to all the other ones.
		The language Tarifit is the language Amazigh that at the moment survives in the north of the current State of Morocco.
		The imazighen of the Rif, the same as the rest of the Imazighen, once decided in the period but recent of their History to reactivate their Culture, they face with the problem of adopting an alphabet with the one that to capture in a written way and literary their own language.
	www.geo.ya.com /errif/terrain/langue/langue.html (1916 words)

	Research at MU : Publications
		RIF was used to pay part of the salary of another graduate student who made the biggest breakthrough our lab has ever made -- the identification of new genes for cisplatin resistance.
		RIF Dollars that come back to individual faculty members are an invaluable resource to the investigator because they provide un-earmarked funds that can be used in a variety of ways to forward new (or even stalled) projects.
		PI RIF is used primarily for small instrument and software purchases not covered by grant budgets, salary for RAs, and travel expenses for graduate students to present their research at national and international meetings.
	www.research.missouri.edu /division/rifs/rif_artsandscience.htm (3152 words)

	YWAM Sahara - Rif Berbers
		The Rif Berbers are among the original inhabitants of this area.
		The Rif Berbers occupy the region the north and eastern ranges of the Rif mountains.
		Rif Berber life is based mainly on the cultivation of cereal crops - barley, wheat, and corn.
	www.gosahara.org /rb.html (3549 words)

	The Imperial Collection - The Republic of the Rif
		The Rif Revolt was one of the more remarkable bids for self-determination to occur during the European late colonial period, and was pursued by the Rifi and Jibala peoples of Morocco between 1920 and 1926.
		The Government of the Republic of the Rif was established by Abel Krim on 1 February 1923.
		The banknotes of the Republic of the Rif were produced by Captain Charles Gardiner, an English arms smuggler who was also involved in a syndicate that secured a number of commercial concessions from Abdel Krim's government in June 1923 - including one to establish a central bank.
	www.imperial-collection.net /rif_republic.html (588 words)

	Berber: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Berber languages Berber languages Afro-Asiatic - Berber The Berber languages...phylum.
		Among the Berber languages are Rif-Berber Rif-Berber Rif-Berber or Riffi (Northern...
		...Eastern Berber languages Eastern Berber languages Afro-Asiatic - Berber - Eastern...Berber The Eastern Berber languages are a subgroup of the Berber languages, spoken in parts of...
	www.encyclopedian.com /be/Berber.html (249 words)

	Berber (people) - MSN Encarta
		Berber languages form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family and comprise about 26 closely related languages, including Tachelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and Kabyle.
		Like the Arabs, the Berbers are Muslims; they are less orthodox, however, and their religious rituals include many elements, some animistic, that derive from ancient pre-Muslim and pagan religions.
		Beginning in 1920, the Rif, led by the Rif emir Abd-el-Krim, repeatedly defeated Spanish troops occupying the Spanish zone of Morocco; Berbers advanced into French Morocco in 1926, but were repelled the following year by combined French and Spanish troops.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552010/Berber_(people).html (639 words)

	Afroasiatic languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		According to one theory, the languages of the Afroasiatic family are thought to have first been spoken along the shores of the Red Sea.
		Both languages are now extinct, although a dialect of Coptic continues to be used liturgically by the Coptic Church (see Copts).
		The Omotic languages were formerly classified with the Cushitic and are spoken by perhaps 3 million people who live in SW Ethiopia in the Omo River region.
	www.bartleby.com /65/af/Afroasia.html (2033 words)

	Berber & Tinifagh - Crystalinks
		The Berber languages are spoken in scattered areas throughout northern Africa from Egypt westward to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Niger River northward to the Mediterranean Sea.
		Whether the extinct language of the Guanches in the Canary Islands and of the Iberians of Spain belonged to the Berber branch or even to Hamito-Semitic is doubtful.
		Phonology In the phonologies of these languages the vowels a, i, u were lost or reduced to, and a, i, u became a, i, u; w and y may appear both as consonants and as vowels, and the emphatics are represented by d, gh (but in reduplication tt, qq), and z.
	www.crystalinks.com /berber.html (466 words)

	Morocco: Tremors in the Rif (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The repression of protest, something the regime of Mohammed VI was supposed to have abandoned, reminds the people of the Rif region of the dark years under the reign of King Hassan II.
		This is why the people of Rif region recently rejected the farce that is l’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (The Authority of Reconciliation), which was charged with compensating several victims of the regime of Hassan II.
		The recent events in the Rif region have smashed this illusion, and revealed the corruption and rottenness of the regime.
	www.marxist.com /morocco-tremors-rif-2.htm (724 words)

	RIF/T 01
		Its code name is Language, and it was invented a war or two ago - actually during the Second Gobi War, the one that ended the paleolothic - to con- fer on sunlight such blessings as "It is sunning," or "The sun is raining," or "Shine happens," according to the by-laws of your local lodge.
		For individual languages - like Basque or Xhosa or Cantonese or French - are in fact created and sustained as lodges of the ancient freemasonic society of Speakers, the ones with Language on their side, the so-called humans.
		Language is astrology indoors, it is the moon in the bed- room and the sun in your pocket, its rules are your rules and there is hardly a rumor - though there is a rumor - of anyone disobedient to its prescriptions.
	wings.buffalo.edu /epc/rift/rift01/rift0101.html (3784 words)

	Thinking Clearly » Blog Archive » Varieties of RIF
		Following on the need for a uniform semantics, we could try to describe an all encompassing rules language that would be a proper superset of all the rules systems of interest.
		Once you are in the land of encodings or axiomtization, that is, once you don’t have a one to one mapping (or nigh 1-1) of constructs of the Rules systems and the interchange language, you’ve moved closer to a metalinguistic approach.
		In essence, you could take the 1 strategy except that all the extensions have to be described in the metalanguage, which would have to be rich enough to usefully describe all that we want to exchange, and could show when two rulebases using variant extensions were actually equivalent.
	clarkparsia.com /weblog/2006/01/22/varieties-of-rif (605 words)

	43:0974(79)CA - - Army, Defense Language Institute, Presidio of Monterey, CA and NFFE, Local 1263 - - 1992 FLRAdec CA - ...
		By letter dated July 17, 1989, the Union requested that the RIF action be held in abeyance until the arbitrator decided the issue regarding the contracting out of the language instruction.
		Instead, the General Counsel asserts that it is the arbitration process that must be protected and that the Respondent has violated the Statute by its failure to recognize the value of the arbitration process and by its refusal to allow the grievance-arbitration process to resolve the issue.
		The General Counsel maintains that the parties' agreement regarding the impact and implementation of the RIF is not relevant to the issue of whether the Respondent violated the Statute by refusing to maintain the status quo during the pendency of the arbitration process.
	www.flra.gov /decisions/v43/43-079-4.html (2447 words)

	RIF Use Cases and Requirements
		This document, developed by the Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group, specifies use cases and requirements for a format that allows rules to be translated between rule languages and thus transferred between rule systems.
		The RIF should be used to permit the BP designer a unified view of the different partners' business rules in designing the process, while at the same time permitting the partners to continue to leverage their own business rules without changing their own technologies.
		The RIF can help to make such domains more tractable and amenable to machine processing by allowing rules to be labelled with tags that express the necessary meta-level information required to make a reasoned determination as to the intended status of a given rule.
	www.w3.org /TR/2006/WD-rif-ucr-20060323 (4908 words)

	Goals, Critical Success Factors and Requirements - W3C RIF-WG Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The primary goals of the RIF are to build a rules interchange format that is an effective means of exchanging rules, that has the potential to be widely adopted in industry, and that is consistent with existing W3C technologies and specifications.
		Given that rule languages are expected to continue to evolve, it is important that the RIF is able to incorporate rule languages not currently envisaged.
		The RIF should support rule sets that are combinations of different kinds of rules (i.e., a mixture of deductive, normative, ECA rules and so on.) This may affect the semantic integrity of the ruleset language: restricting the kinds of semantics that can be ascribed to such combined ruleset.
	www.w3.org /2005/rules/wg/wiki/Goals,_Critical_Success_Factors_and_Requirements (1804 words)

	The Road hits the rubber: RIF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		I hope RIF has better luck than RDF rules or SPARQL.
		The nice part about breaking things into the three parts is that I could write 1 grammar to translate rule from RuleML to a tree structure, and a second for simple text.
		Some comments you may find interesting (they were posted via IRC - original dialog is here).
	woolfel.blogspot.com /2006/10/rif.html (1299 words)

	Hamito-Semitic languages: The Hamitic Subfamily
		) and its descendant, Coptic; the Berber languages; and the Cushitic languages.
		The Berber languages are the mother tongues of more than 10 million persons in N Africa.
		The Chad group of languages are spoken near Lake Chad in central Africa.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0858548.html (408 words)

	Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. :: Macy's Customers Donate More Than $1 Million to Reading Is Fundamental (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		RIF became part of Macy's community commitment in 2005.
		Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF), founded in 1966, motivates children to read by working with them, their parents, and community members to make reading a fun and beneficial part of everyday life.
		RIF's highest priority is reaching underserved children from birth to age 8.
	sev.prnewswire.com /education/20061108/DCW03308112006-1.html (661 words)

	Tod H. Mikuriya, M.D.
		The Rif are a chain of mountains stretching across the northernmost area of Morocco.
		Kif is grown in an area in the Rif Mountains, approximately 150 km northeast of Tangier.
		Five years ago there was an attempt to burn the kif fields in the Rif mountains but this government effort was met with armed opposition.
	www.mikuriya.com /ce_kifrif.html (2521 words)

	Tarifit language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tarifit is a Northern Berber language of the Zenati subgroup, spoken mainly in the Moroccan Rif by about 3.5 million people inside Morocco and by 1 million Moroccan immigrants in the Benelux, Germany, France and Spain.
		Tarifit is a Berber language, belonging to the Zenati subgroup of Northern Berber, and possibly the Rif subgroup of Zenati.
		Tarifit is spoken mainly in the Moroccan Rif by about 2 million people, with a few speakers across the border in Algeria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tarifit_language (404 words)

	Berber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		"The three Berber languages researched for this project are: Kabyle (Taqbaylit), spoken in northern Algeria; Tamazight (Berber), of central Morocco; and Tuareg, the indigenous name of which varies according to the dialect (Prasse 1972): Tamahaq in southern Algeria, Tamashaq in Mali, Tamajeq in Niger and in Libya (Ghat, where it may also be called Tamaziq).
		Other major languages include Tashelhit (Shilha) and Tarifit (Rif) of Morocco." The languages of smaller groups are discussed in the Dialect Survey (4) of this section.
		However, the main languages and domains are identifiable from the many dialect studies and from the arrangement by region of entries in the bibliographical resources used here: A. Basset, LLB, 1952, and the chronicles entitled "Langue et litérature berbère" (LELB) by Basset and Chaker, in AAN.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language.php?id=7 (872 words)

	Re: [RIF] [UCR]: What is the RIF (revisited) --> changing vendor rule languages from Francois Bry on 2006-02-10 ...
		Vincent, Paul D wrote: >I rarely come across IT project staff who learnt a rule based approach / rule language at university, and have never had any requests for new rule language features like disjunctive conclusions (which are probably irrelevant for this particular class of rule engines anyway).
		> > > I submit the hypothesis that this is because of rule language users not thinking globally: Integrity constraints often have the form all XYZ (A => (B or C)).
		I beleive thatr, whatever it is, RIF will contribute to make people think morte globally.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Feb/0139.html (274 words)

	W3C Group Works to Standardize Web Rules
		The RIF (Rule Interchange Format) working group is tasked with producing a standard means for exchanging rules on the Web, regardless of data format.
		A standardized RIF will provide a way to blend established and new rule languages, so rules written for one application can be published, shared, merged and used by in other applications.
		Chaired by Christian de Sainte Marie and Sandro Hawke, the RIF group is chartered through November 2007 to produce a language for the exchange of rules.
	www.publish.com /article2/0,1895,1883719,00.asp (682 words)

	A E L
		Rif, Sous and Kabilya can become each a federated Arab province enjoying internal autonomy while being parts of the Arab federal state.
		The AEL also recognizes the disastrous assimilation and oppression policies that Arab minorities were facing on the hand of the dictatorships; for example the Rif and the Assyrians.
		Therefore the AEL calls for the restoration of all threaten languages like Rif and Assyrian languages alongside the National Arabic language.
	www.arabeuropean.org /vision.php (1146 words)

	CHEST: Rifampicin Plus Pyrazinamide Achieves Better Compliance than Isoniazid for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		SAN DIEGO, CA -- November 6, 2002 -- In a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of isoniazid (INH) to rifampicin and pyrazinamide (RIF + PZA) for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in non-HIV clinic patients, there was better compliance with RIF+PZA.
		The number of patients who received either two months of RIF and PZA or 6 to 9 months of INH was noted.
		Incidence of adverse effects was 3 of 19 (15.7 percent) in RIF-PZA group and 7 of 35 (20 percent) in the INH group.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/222312.htm (507 words)

	EALRGA Newsletter December 2005: Lui
		The library has a substantial collection of audio and audio-visual resources to support language teaching and film study which is an area of research and teaching significance for the School.
		The AV collection is expanded continuously through both the purchase of commercial products and the recording of off-air (from Foxtel and SBS) of foreign language films and documentaries providing a wide variety of films to support the School's research and teaching.
		The experience of sourcing and purchasing Asian language publications and feature films for the RIF grants has suggested that accepted collection development policies and practices for instance dealing only with known vendors and not purchasing direct via the Internet - may need to be revised in the interest of maintaining a cutting edge collection.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /SpecialProj/NLA/EALRGA/newsletter0512/QU.html (499 words)

	RE: [RIF] [UCR]: What is the RIF (revisited) --> changing vendor rule languages from Vincent, Paul D on 2006-02-09 ...
		Possibly, but more likely their needs are simple enough to be addressed by the main commercial vendors.
		RIF has little to share technically with BPEL, but a lot with SQL.
		One goal for RIF in that market is to > > > enable users to move rules between systems, in which case RIF is for > > > interchange between well-established systems.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/public-rif-wg/2006Feb/0124.html (852 words)

	Cover Pages: Business Rules and Web Architecture: W3C Creates Rule Interchange Format WG.
		"The WG should ensure the rule language is compatible with the use of SPARQL as a language for query of the dataset, that the extension mechanism is compatible with use of the SPARQL protocol for fetching additional datasets, and should aim for compatibility with SPARQL's use of XML datatypes, functions and operators." (4) OWL.
		Participation in the RIF Working Group is open to affilites of W3C Member organizations and (upon approval) to Invited Experts.
		Because of the great variety in rule languages and rule engine technologies, this common format will take the form of a core language to be used along with a set of standard and non-standard extensions.
	xml.coverpages.org /ni2005-11-09-a.html (2375 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Berber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		However, other terms were used by other groups; for instance, many parts of western Algeria called their language 'taznatit' or Zenati, while the Kabyles called theirs 'thaqvaylith', the inhabitants of Siwa 'tasiwit', and the Zenaga 'Tuddhungiya' [http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/showpages?ethnocode=ZENanddoctype=detailandversion=0andscale=six].
		This state of affairs was protested by Berbers in Morocco and Algeria - especially Kabylie - and is now being addressed in both countries by introducing Berber language education and by recognizing Berber as a 'national language', though not necessarily an official one.
		Tifinagh is the original script of these languages but they have also been transcribed using the Arabic script and in more recent history with modified Latin scripts.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Berber (889 words)

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