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Topic: Rights of the Terminally Ill Act Australia

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	Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (Australia)
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act was a controversial law legalising euthanasia passed by Australia's Northern Territory in 1995, and nullified in 1997 by the federal Parliament.
		Passed by the Territorial Parliament on May 25, 1995 under the stewardship of Marshall Perron and entering into law on July 1, 1996, the Act allowed terminally ill patients to commit medically assisted suicide, either by the direct involvement of a physician or by procurement of drugs.
		The Act received both widespread support from "death with dignity" groups who saw it as model to be followed elsewhere, and widespread condemnation from euthanasia opponents who sought to overturn it.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/rights_of_the_terminally_ill_act__australia_ (401 words)

	The Right to Die and the Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act, Australia
		The Right to Die and the Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act, Australia
		Fr Pavone says the "right to die"" claim is based erroneously on the idea that life is a "thing we possess" and may discard when it no longer meets our satisfaction.
		The Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act, the first legislation in the world to allow voluntary euthanasia, is expected to come into effect by the middle of next year.
	www.priestsforlife.org /clippings/96,01-07catholicweeklyaustralia.html (595 words)

	euthanasia
		In Australia, artist Neil Savage and his wife who were both terminally ill decided to die together in a suicide pact rather than be institutionalized for their illnesses.
		Some terminally ill patients who are denied euthanasia attempt to terminate their suffering by ending their lives themselves and have botched their suicides in the process, bringing further suffering on themselves and those around them.
		A terminally ill man, Bob Dent, 66, became the first person to commit suicide under new voluntary euthanasia legislation in Australia's Northern Territory in 1996 before it was overturned a year later.
	members.tripod.com /~Amis_Lee/fallingtree/eu.html (2020 words)

	Rights of the Terminally Ill Bill - 14/03/2002 - 2R
		I also agree that people who have a terminal illness have the right to die with dignity and comfort, and that they should be afforded justice and compassion in their death.
		These types of very sad choices to terminate life are even worse in their overall effect if those who take their own lives under such circumstances leave children to suffer the consequences of their often selfish actions.
		If we are precluded from the right to make the decision to die, we must seriously question who has the right to force us to live and if society is truly moving to a position where freedom includes self-determination.
	www.parliament.nsw.gov.au /prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LC20020314037 (7193 words)

	Ethics General Bibliography
		Terminal sedation is a phrase that has appeared in the palliative care literature in the last few years.
		The term 'terminal sedation' should be abandoned and replaced with the phrase 'sedation for intractable distress in the dying'.
		METHOD: Two hundred terminally ill inpatients were given semistructured interviews that assessed their desire for death and evaluated them for major and minor depressive episodes according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria.
	www.hospicecare.com /Ethics/general.htm (6473 words)

	RIGHTS OF THE TERMINALLY ILL ACT
		"terminal illness", in relation to a patient, means an illness which, in reasonable medical judgment will, in the normal course, without the application of extraordinary measures or of treatment unacceptable to the patient, result in the death of the patient.
		A patient who, in the course of a terminal illness, is experiencing pain, suffering and/or distress to an extent unacceptable to the patient, may request the patient's medical practitioner to assist the patient to terminate the patient's life.
		(1) A medical practitioner shall not assist a patient under this Act if, in his or her opinion and after considering the advice of the medical practitioner referred to in section 7(1)(c)(i), there are palliative care options reasonably available to the patient to alleviate the patient's pain and suffering to levels acceptable to the patient.
	notes.nt.gov.au /dcm/legislat/legislat.nsf/d989974724db65b1482561cf0017cbd2/4d6231fd5c4f4e396925657000094754?OpenDocument (2635 words)

	PlanetPapers - Euthanasia in Australia
		Euthanasia and the 1995 Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act does not so much change the law for the patient as it changes the law for the third party (the doctor).
		Ultimately, a new right is given to doctors to terminate the lives of those who are suicidal and terminally ill. To describe this as providing a "right to die" is not logical.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/2435.php (2574 words)

	Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
		The patient must be terminally ill, experiencing severe pain or suffering, with a prognosis of less than 12 months to live, and must be fully informed of his/her illness, as well as the medical alternatives and prospects for palliative care
		The first terminally ill patient to commit suicide using the new Northern Territory Legislation was Bob Dent, who suffered of prostate cancer.
		Opposition to the Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
	www.rug.nl /law/research/programmes/rspmb/euthanasia/ntrtiact (304 words)

	sydneyanglicans.net - Rights of the Terminally Ill Bill 2002
		Knowledge of the right to refuse treatment would ease many of the concerns felt by those who fear being kept alive by artificial means against their wishes.
		By the time that law was passed, the courts had already legitimised the death of patients not terminally ill. Shortly after the law was passed, the Dutch Health Minister suddenly widened the debate by advocating the use of suicide pills by old people who are ‘tired of life’.
		Autonomy - the right of the individual to determine the timing and manner of your own death - versus Justice - the right to protection and security of the person as expressed in the values of the larger society.
	www.sydneyanglicans.net /socialissues/564a (3259 words)

	Rights of the Terminally Ill 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Bill was passed by the Northern Territory's Legislative Assembly on 25 May 1995.
		On 16 June 1995, His Honour the Administrator of the Northern Territory of Australia, Austin Asche, advised the Legislative Assembly that, pursuant to section 7 of the Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 of the Commonwealth, he had assented to the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 to become proposed law.
		The "Rights of the Terminally Ill Bill", Serial 67, as originally introduced to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly on 22 February, 1995.
	www.ntu.edu.au /education/EDT601/ntg/rotti.html (300 words)

	Australian Parliamentary Library - 1996-97 Current Issues Brief 24 1996-97
		The ACT Legislative Assembly would also progress with its vote on a Private Member's Bill, introduced by Independent MLA Michael Moore, that seeks to legalise active voluntary euthanasia in the ACT for terminally ill adults suffering from intolerable pain or distress caused by their illness.
		The claim that the Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act is having unacceptable impacts on the Aboriginal community.(24) These Senators dispute claims that the Christian churches have provided misinformation to Aboriginal communities about the RTI Act and manufactured Aboriginal opposition to that legislation.
		The fact that the RTI Act affects the nation as a whole by influencing 'the ethos, the culture, the attitude of people who live in various parts of this Country', and is likely to affect many people throughout the world.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/cib/1996-97/97cib24.htm (7467 words)

	Euthanasia and Physcian-Assisted Suicide
		In a Canadian study of 200 terminally ill patients the incidence of depression was 58.8% amongst those with a serious or pervasive desire to die, compared to 7.7% among patients without such a desire.
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (ROTI) was passed by the Northern Territory Parliament in Australia in May 1995, making it the first place in the world to have legalised euthanasia.
		The ROTI Act stated that a terminally ill patient, experiencing pain, suffering, and distress to an extent deemed unacceptable, could request a medical practitioner for assistance to end his or her life.
	www.hospicecare.com /Ethics/RWethics1.htm (8542 words)

	RIGHTS OF THE TERMINALLY ILL ACT
		The Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (1985, revised 1989), recommended as a Uniform Act in the United States, and subsequently passed by many states.
		The law allows a person to declare a living will specifying that, if the situation arises, he or she does not wish to be kept alive through life support if terminally ill.
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (1995) of Australia's Northern Territory, legalizing euthanasia in certain cases until it was nullified by the federal Parliament.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/RIGHTS+OF+THE+TERMINALLY+ILL+ACT (461 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 18:45:21 -0700 From: David Brandt-Erichsen Subject: Australia law The court action brought by Australian Medical Association Northern Territory Branch President Dr. Chris Wake was seeking an injunction to prevent the "gazetting" of the Northern Territory of Australia Rights of the Terminally Ill Act.
		Before becoming law, notice of the Act must be "gazetted" or placed in the Government Gazette, the official method of communicating key government events to the community.
		It turns out that the Act was actually gazetted on June 6th and quietly released last week, unbenownst to Dr. Wake, who is now accusing the government of being "underhanded" in the matter.
	keithlynch.net /cryonet/63/67.html (156 words)

	San Diego News Notes \| January 2003 \| Teen Suicide Booster Comes to Mission Bay, by Robert Kumpel
		The bag was manufactured in Canada by the Right to Die Network of Canada and was exported by mail to Australians until the negative publicity caused the network to suspend all exports.
		If we are to remain consistent and we believe that the individual has the right to dispose of their life, we should not erect artificial barriers in the way of sub-groups who don't meet our criteria.
		And some people are not terminally ill but have chronic problems, and they just don't want to live their life that way anymore, and we believe that should have access to a means of ending their life.
	www.sdnewsnotes.com /ed/articles/2003/0103rk2.htm (1681 words)

	Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For the purposes of section 7(1)(c)(i) of the Act, the medical practitioner shall hold a qualification in a medical specialty related to the terminal illness of the patient recognised by a medical specialist college in Australia and which entitles the medical practitioner to fellowship of that college.
		OR The patient requested assistance under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act but was subsequently provided with palliative care and after the palliative care ceased to alleviate his/her pain and suffering the patient indicated to me that he/she has decided to proceed in pursuance of his/her earlier decision to end his/her life.
		An interpreter was required to be present at the signing of the certificate of request in accordance with section 7(4) of the Rights of The Terminally Ill Act, and has signed the certificate confirming the patient's understanding of his/her request for assistance.
	www.ntu.edu.au /education/EDT601/ntg/illregs.shtml.html (1847 words)

	Opposition to the "Rights of the Terminally Ill Act"
		Opposition to the "Rights of the Terminally Ill Act"
		The judges dismissed this opposition, agreeing that the law was valid, and fell within the rights of the territories to make.
		The Northern Territory's 'Rights of the Terminally Ill Act' was officially overturned in March 1997, leaving just 10 months during which the law was effective.
	www.rug.nl /law/research/programmes/rspmb/euthanasia/oppositionntrti (214 words)

	cmf.org.uk - News Review (Nucleus, January 1997)
		The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act in Australia's Northern Territory came into force on 1st July 1996.
		This may be seen as condoning the act; and goes against the principle 'thou shalt not kill' (Dt 5:17).
		Richard Lovelace sees the growing acceptance of homosexual practice within the church as due to a 'false religion' opposed to biblical revelation and the authority of Scripture, an 'antinomian ethic' that undercuts the balance between law and gospel, a 'cheap grace' that ignores repentance and a 'powerless grace' that denies the possibility of change.
	www.cmf.org.uk /literature/content.asp?context=article&id=571 (1588 words)

	Death - whose decision? Euthanasia and the terminally ill -- Fraser and Walters 26 (2): 121 -- Journal of Medical Ethics
		In Australia, the Northern Territory legislation was short-lived.
		Act is prompted in part by the fact that his wife of 49 years
		Ill Act were announced at 1:00 am on March 24,1997, the sponsoring
	jme.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/26/2/121 (2658 words)

	ipedia.com: Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (U.S.) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (U.S.)
		The Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (1985, revised 1989), has been recommended as a Uniform Act in the United States, and subsequently been passed by many states.
		See also Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (1995) of Australia's Northern Territory, which legalized euthanasia in certain cases until it was nullified by the federal Parliament.
	www.ipedia.com /uniform_rights_of_the_terminally_ill_act__u_s_.html (197 words)

	NEJM -- Euthanasia in Australia -- The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
		NEJM -- Euthanasia in Australia -- The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
		Euthanasia in Australia — The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
		the act, which is expected to take effect this year.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/334/5/326 (299 words)

	First euthanasia death signals a decline in care for the terminally ill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		President of the ACT Right to Life Association, Jeremy Stuparich, said today that the first case of euthanasia in the Northern Territory was a tragedy because it signalled the beginning of changes in attitude towards terminally ill patients.
		Mr Stuparich was commenting on this morning’s news that the first patient had been killed under the Northern Territory’s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act.
		Terminally ill patients will have to make a decision that they want to continue living through their dying process when it is a time of life that is apparently not valued by society and when they know that their dying process is putting a strain on their family and loved ones.
	www.actrtla.org.au /mediarel/eu26se6.htm (295 words)

	HISTORY
		Kevorkian argued that "there is a constitutional right to be free of unbearable pain and suffering." In early October of 2002 the Court declined to hear 1,800 cases appealed to it.
		The right to die lies as much within the public freedom to worship as within the private right to be let alone, the right to privacy.
		Of the 2094 respondents who cared for terminally ill patients, 76% reported that they made efforts to improve their knowledge of the use of pain medications in the terminally ill. Nine hundred forty-nine responding physicians (36%) had been asked by a patient if they were potentially willing to prescribe a lethal medication.
	www.togopeacefully.com /HISTORY.html (11014 words)

	Index and Euthanasia Glossary for Exit Web pages and related material
		In the Netherlands, the definitions in use for euthanasia and assisted suicide are defined by the State Commission on Euthanasia: Euthanasia is the intentional termination of life by somebody other than the person concerned at his or her request.
		It means the termination of life by a doctor at the express wish of a patient.
		A pioneer of a gently, gently approach to solving problems in individual cases of the right to die with dignity, using skills as a negotiator, nurse, a knowledge of the law and of human nature to relieve what seem to be impossible situations.
	www.euthanasia.cc /a_z.html (3703 words)

	WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES AUSTRALIA (WWDA) - 'In/Different Health: Rethinking Gender, Disability and Health'
		Many of these women are extremely distressed and despairing, they have had a long history of violence and or neglect and, in particular, and perhaps most importantly, they are isolated from family and community and isolated from essential resources and treatment.
		Disability is a human rights issue in which health is a significant element but not the whole story.
		As Sutherland's remarks have crucially highlighted, disability is pivotal in deciding who has the right to exist and who does not have the right to exist in the 21st century.
	www.wwda.org.au /indiff.htm (3860 words)

	UniSA Library - internet resources for the social sciences
		Multicultural Mental Health Australia (MMHA) is a program providing national leadership in mental health and suicide prevention for Australians from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and working to promote better mental health and well-being for a diverse community.
		Rights and Obligations of Families in the Social Security System (1998) by Kate Rodgers and Karen Wilson.
		Refugee Council of Australia a non-profit peak organisation.
	www.library.unisa.edu.au /resources/subject/socialwk.asp (3702 words)

	3rd Euthanasia in Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The patient thanked those who made it possible for him to use the Act, in particular his doctor Philip Nitschke, and the Northern Territory specialist who had reviewed his condition and cosigned the request form.
		On Monday a 69-year-old man suffering terminal stomach cancer, became the third person to die under the Northern Territory Act.
		Mr Perron, who drafted the law, says it was only a matter of time before the legal process settled down after the highly publicised first and second euthanasia deaths.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=7546 (301 words)

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