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	P. Dimitrakopoulos: Summary of Postdoctoral Research
		In particular, I studied the static and dynamic properties of semiflexible polymers near equilibrium, with main focus on the scaling behavior in the stress relaxation based on the relation between the polymer configuration and stress.
		For stiff synthetic polymers, stiffness is responsible for the macroscopic alignment of the chains in the system which imparts unique mechanical properties for these materials.
		Although I explicitly considered the relaxation of a single polymer chain in a viscous solvent, my results are valid even for concentrated polymer solutions and networks as long as the relaxation of interest occurs on length scales shorter than that characterizing the entanglements or crosslinks.
	www.eng.umd.edu /~dimitrak/pd-post-research.html (1002 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Periodic copolymers are named: poly(A-per-B-per-C) block copolymers: a polymer comprising molecules in which there is a linear arrangement of blocks, a block being defined as a portion of a polymer molecule in which the monomeric units have at least one constitutional or configurational feature absent from the adjacent portions.
		Polymer liquid crystals in which the mesogenic cores are a part of the main chain or backbone of the polymer.
		A polymer liquid crystal in which the mesogens are attached to the side of the main chain and not a part of the main chain itself.
	plc.cwru.edu /tutorial/enhanced/files/glossary/glossary.htm (5322 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Adhesion of microbes to host tissues or surfaces is essential for the pathogenesis of all infectious diseases.
		polymer and its subsequent diffusion from the polymer.
		A significant disadvantage of the use of the mentioned preliminary method of saturating the denture polymer with said solution is that the patient cannot wear the denture during the immersion of the denture in said solution.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/105785.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3133 words)

	Rigid-rod polymer hosts (polyacetylene, polythiophene, etc.)
		The majority of these compounds exhibit crystalline phases which adopt a herringbone equatorial packing (a packing motif common to many conventional linear polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene) within an orthorhombic or monoclinic unit cell as shown in Fig.
		The average angular orientation of the polymer chains' major axis, with respect to an equatorial lattice vector (typically a), is specified by the setting angle
		Hence the lattice formed by the equatorial projection of the polymer chain centers closely approximates that of a triangular grid.
	romano.physics.wisc.edu /winokur/handbook/node4.html (374 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Osteoclastic resorption of the bone allograft commonly occurs from the periosteal surface and at the junction with the host bone.
		The polymers may first be dissolved in a mixture of a low boiling solvent such as acetone and the crosslinking agent VP, after which the solvent may be removed by controlled evaporation, leaving the high boiling VP in the polymer mixture.
		indicated that the primary response of the host to the bone allograft is predominately a cellular-mediated response to the MHC encoded cell surface antigens that are carried by cells within the allograft and recognized by responding T- lymphocytes in the host.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/09043.000518&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6236 words)

	Narrow poly- and mono-dispersed anoinic oligomers, and their uses, formulations and process - Patent 5512177
		Although the mechanism of action of such water-soluble polymers is unknown, one postulate is that the polymer binds to the viral membrane, e.g.
		In general, such polymers have either a very limited number of rotatable bonds which are not parallel to the polymer axis, or there is hydrogen bonding or dipolar interactions which favor linear structures.
		The term "rigid backbone" means that the recurring unit, also referred to as a repeat unit, is composed predominantly of groups which limit rotation away from the chain axis.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5512177.html (11568 words)

	No Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We speculate that the hydrodynamics are caused by the segregation of the polymer at a critical degree of polymerization.
		The orientational dynamics of a nematic formed from a Langmuir film of a rigid, "hairy rod" polymer subjected to extensional flow are examined.
		In cases where the polymer can be quenched from an isotropic melt or solution to an isotropic glass, major changes in transport (1-2 orders of magnitude decrease) can be engendered by the solid state conversion of the metastable isotropic glass to the more stable mesogenic organization.
	www.mrs.org /meetings/spring97/abstract_book/w/w5 (1479 words)

	Microbes
		A host is any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical requirements of another.
		If the host sustains injury or pathological changes in response to the parasite, the process is an infectious disease.
		Bacteria are further classified: by shape: a bacillus is rod-shaped, a coccus is ball-shaped, a spirilium is spiral-shaped, a vibrio is comma-shaped, a cocco-bacillus is ovoid-shaped, and other combinations; whether they need oxygen (aerobic) to survive or not (anaerobic); their form of reproduction; genus; and species.
	uhaweb.hartford.edu /BUGL/microbe.htm (1029 words)

	P. Dimitrakopoulos: Summary of Postdoctoral Research
		In particular, I studied the static and dynamic properties of semiflexible polymers near equilibrium, with main focus on the scaling behavior in the stress relaxation based on the relation between the polymer configuration and stress.
		For stiff synthetic polymers, stiffness is responsible for the macroscopic alignment of the chains in the system which imparts unique mechanical properties for these materials.
		Although I explicitly considered the relaxation of a single polymer chain in a viscous solvent, my results are valid even for concentrated polymer solutions and networks as long as the relaxation of interest occurs on length scales shorter than that characterizing the entanglements or crosslinks.
	www.engr.umd.edu /~dimitrak/pd-post-research.html (1002 words)

	POLYMERS CONTAINING FLEXIBLE SIDE CHAINS
		-conjugated polymer backbone of the host polymer has proven to be an extremely effective procedure for obtaining tractable and fusible materials.
		Most of the side chain containing conducting polymers synthesized to date employ alkyl, alkoxy or phenylalkyl side chains of varying lengths which are chemically substituted at various hydrogen atom sites along the polymer backbone.
		As was the case for the linear unsubstituted conducting polymer hosts, a considerable effort has been made and significant details concerning the detailed structure and overall phase behavior can be discerned.
	romano.physics.wisc.edu /winokur/handbook/node13.html (335 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0020036291
		In these cases the polymer backbone can be selected either to enhance solubility in nonpolar substrates or be soluble in more highly polar substrates in which materials such as polymers, polyacrylic acid or poly(vinylsulfonate), or the like, can be used.
		The polymer are typically admixed in a fluid phase and the layer is typically laid out of a fluid phase.
		In addition, blends can be formed using melts of the two polymers or by using a liquid prepolymer or monomer form of the bulk polymer which is subsequently polymerized or cured into the desired final material.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20020036291&OS=20020036291&RS= (10118 words)

	Session M29 - Poster Session III.
		When a polymer chain experiences a harmonic external field, k r(s)2, the size of the chain is determined by the turning points and no contour length dependence is seen.
		The solution of the hydrodynamic problem of rotation of a rigid rod in the second order fluid and the corresponding Langevin equation is used to obtain the rotational diffusivity.
		For each guest molecule, the decrease in the activation volume for chromophore reorientation with increasing size of the polymer host's alkyl side group, as well as the pressure dependence of \beta _KWW were indicative of non-negligible coupling between chromophore motion and the glassy \beta relaxation dynamics of the polymer host.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSMAR97/abs/S4090.html (7795 words)

	FACULTY PROFILE
		Polymer considered in this study is an extremely complicated example due to its generally varied and dynamic structure, so we have had difficulty in clearly defining the correlation between structure and function at the molecular level.
		Although conjugated polymers are very interesting and important materials, the mechanism in single-molecular-level of these photonic and electronic function are still not clear owing to the various and complicated structure of the conjugated system in the polymer molecules.
		Therefore, we thought that if direct observation of single molecule of conjugated polymer were achieved, the polymer function would be clear in molecular level toward the polymer functioning at single molecule unit, that is the single-molecule device.
	www.jaist.ac.jp /~kkgi/thisyear/soe/00330soe.html (1398 words)

	POLYMERS
		Incorporation of glass fibers or polymer whiskers results in overgrowths with excellent adhesion; the molecules are normal to the plane, parallel to the whiskers.
		When a high polymer is spread at a liquid surface to form a two-dimensional monolayer, a surface pressure exists that is analogous to the osmotic pressure characteristic of three-dimensional solutions.
		We have synthesized a polymer consisting of a mono disperse, rod-like segment coupled to a monodisperse coil-like segment and have observed it to form microphase separated structures.
	www.engr.uiuc.edu /publications/engineering_research/1996/matsci1/matsci1-14.html (2972 words)

	Polypyrrole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example a tetrapyrrole is a compound with four pyrrole rings connected.
		Polypyrroles are conducting polymers of the rigid-rod polymer host family.
		This article about polymer science is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polypyrrole (81 words)

	NECF Meeting Abstracts
		Prior to its loading onto the microchip, the polymer solution was mixed with known concentrations of SDS surfactant and staining dye.
		Specifically, repeated injection of protein samples through a single load of polymer solution was achieved using the optimized value of the SDS concentration.
		We have investigated the thermal fluctuations of giant unilamellar vesicles in the presence of adsorbing non-ionic and ionic surfactants (peptides) with identical apolar chains.
	www.complexfluids.org /necf/abstracts.php?meetingID=21 (3875 words)

	Applied Spectroscopy April 2002 Abstracts
		Unlike the conventional FT-IR ATR diffusion measurement in which a polymer sample is sandwiched between the penetrant and an internal reflection element (IRE), in this method, a thin layer of penetrant (for example, a lubricant) is sandwiched between the IRE and the polymer sample.
		A new method is proposed for the estimation of the segmental orientation of vinyl or vinylidene polymers of moderate crystallinity by acquisition of only one Raman spectrum at a specific polarization geometry.
		A highly anisotropic rigid rod or/and resonant Raman-active guest-agent incorporated into a host polymer can be easily detected at low concentration levels and be used as indicator of the molecular orientation of the processed host polymer.
	www.s-a-s.org /journal/02/april2002_ea2.htm (3518 words)

	Ionically blended molecular composites - Patent 5086120 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The polymer was collected by filtration (without suction) using a coarse fritted filter funnel and washed with toluene/methanol (v/v 5:1; 2.times.200 ml).
		The polymer blend from Example II was redissolved in MSA under dry nitrogen atmosphere to form a 2.5% solution.
		In the AMPS-homopolymer/PBZT molecular composite, the PBZT polymer exists as a protonated species whose charges are counterbalanced by the sulfonate anions attached to the AMPS homopolymer.
	www.freepatentsonline.com:9003 /5086120.html (1712 words)

	P. Dimitrakopoulos: Presentations: Talk 2003_2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This study considers the relaxation of a single semiflexible polymer chain in a viscous solvent from an initial straight configuration.
		Examples of semiflexible polymers include biopolymers such as DNA, actin filaments and microtubules, as well as a host of stiff synthetic polymers such as Kevlar and polyesters.
		Employing Brownian Dynamics simulations, the properties of the polymer chain are expressed as a function of the chain length and polymer stiffness.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~dimitrak/Talks/talk2003_2.html (217 words)

	3.2.1 Polymers
		It contains the chemical structures and physical data of all known thermotropic liquid crystals including metallomesogens, combined polymers, lipids, soaps, etc. The goals of LiqCryst are as follows: documentation of all kinds of information on liquid crystals, analysis and comparison of all properties, the prediction of physical properties.
		LiqCryst for Polymers is a special data selection which is only based on polymer liquid crystals and related materials.
		The Polymer Building is a project to enhance polymer education using hypertext technology to link together the basics of polymer science.
	www.brinell.kth.se /part3.html (1113 words)

	NSF Center for Photoinduced Charge Transfer -- Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hsieh, B.R.; VanLaeken, A. Dehydrochlorination Route to Methoxylated Poly(phenylene 1-phenylvinylene) and Poly(phenylene 1,2-diphenylvinylene), Polym.
		Mizes, H.A.; Conwell, E.M. Stabilization of Polarons in Conjugated Polymers, Proc SPIE, 1993, 1910, 160.
		Conwell, E.M. Transport in Conducting Polymers, Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, Wiley and Sons (H. Nolwa, ed.), 1997, 4.
	www.chem.rochester.edu /~stc/stcpubs.html (5976 words)

	MDA Update Newsletter - Article #3902
		The tough polymers have been envisioned in a host of missile-defense applications: in composites for missile components, on printed circuit-board substrates, and even in scratch-proof windows or displays.
		The new company, Mississippi Polymer Technol-ogies, Inc. (MPT), began operating in January 2000 and this spring opened a 20,000-square-foot research and processing pilot plant in the Port Bienville Industrial Park in Pearlington, Mississippi.
		That strength and stiffness means these polymers could replace steel or metal in applications such as ammunition cases, lightening the load for aircraft that transport military supplies.
	www.mdatechnology.net /update/article.asp?id=3902 (608 words)

	Technologies at UMBC
		Rigid polymers (such as collagen) generally tend to reduce diffusion rates more effectively than flexible polymers when mesh sizes are similar.
		However, it is usually possible to obtain much smaller mesh sizes with flexible polymers because they can fill space more effectively than rigid polymers when they are concentrated.
		These processes have only yielded random polymers which have a number of problems including facile oxidation to methemoglobins, which have no capacity to carry oxygen, and are highly antigenic.
	research.umbc.edu /~wmartin/tabcon.html (6462 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, STAR 21: Strategic Technologies for the Army of the Twenty-First Century (1992)
		Ordered polymers make use of the inherent strength of the carbon-carbon bond by increasing the density of such bonds in the material.
		The chemical backbone of the polymer can also be modified to make the chain itself more rigid.
		Also, because organic polymers are generally transparent to electromagnetic radiation (e.g., from radars), a structure fabricated from polymer-reinforced composites has low-observable characteristics.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309046297/html/161.html (593 words)

	Structure-Activity Relationship of New Nonlinear Optical Organic Materials Based on Push-Pull Azo Dyes. 3. Guest-Host ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		After orientation by corona poling, the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of the guest-host systems were measured as a function of time and temperature and fitted with Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) stretched exponentials.
		The variations of their nonlinear susceptibilities at time zero and in their relaxation behavior were correlated with the changes of the chromophore chemical structure.
		Rigid rod structures always presented the best orientability and stability of the nonlinear optical properties.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?mamobx/31/i07/abs/ma971223l (176 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		cell wall - peptidoglycan, unique to bacteria, essentially a glycan (sugar) polymer cross-linked with peptides — the basic backbone is a repeating disaccharide made up of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) with a tetrapeptide attached to MurNAc a.
		differences from host ribosome make it a target for some antibiotics 2.
		able to resist severe environmental conditions dehydrated with rigid peptidoglycan layer produced by vegetative cell during nutritional depravation one per bacteria, may be located centrally, subterminally or terminally with favorable conditions spore turns into vegetative cell Pathogenicity Virulence factors - any aspect of bacteria that allow them to cause disease 1.
	www.dent.ucla.edu /sod/courses/OB401b/2BactStr.doc (388 words)

	Session N29 - Electrically and Optically Active Polymers.
		Modeling of the systems was done using a mixture of self-avoiding flexible polymers and rigid rod dopants on a modified Flory-Huggins lattice.
		The allowed motions of the polymer dopant segments are chosen to insure ergodicity and efficient sampling of the Boltzmann distribution of energies.
		Reticulate doping consists of casting a composite film from a solution of both the polymer and a charge-transfer complex and allowing the conductive salt to recrystallize in the polymer-matrix forming conductive pathways.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSMAR97/abs/S4390.html (1908 words)

	-MRS- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		However, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of these high lying states and their effects on the luminescent efficiency of activator ions, complementary studies, such as photon induced conductivity and thermal luminescence, need to be carried out.
		We present a series of studies of rare earth ions in a sequence of crystalline hosts and demonstrate that luminescence efficiencies depend critically on the positioning of the impurity levels with respect to the intrinsic bands of the host crystal.
		Electroluminescent devices using an emitting layer consisting of a host material doped with a small number of fluorescent molecules offer a simple means of producing efficient light emitters with a wide range of colors.
	www.mrs.org /meetings/spring99/abstractbook/AbstractBookE.html (17315 words)

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