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Topic: Rime ice

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Hard rime is a white ice that forms when the water droplets in fog freeze to the outer surfaces of objects.
		Glaze ice is similar in appearance to clear ice but it is the result of a completely different process, occurring during freezing rain or drizzle.
		The frozen droplets on the surface of rimed crystals are hard to resolve and the topography of a graupel particle is not easy to record with a light microscope because of the limited resolution and depth of field in the instrument.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=rime_ice (571 words)

	Rime (frost) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rime ice is a white ice that forms when the water droplets in fog freeze to the outer surfaces of objects.
		Rime ice and glaze ice are also the two types of ice that can form on the surfaces of an aircraft, if it flies though a cloud made of supercooled water liquid droplets.
		Rime ice is formed also inside of your freezer, while when you take objects out of freezer on a humid summer day, hoar frost is formed on their surfaces in a while.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rime_ice (368 words)

	Rime ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Rime ice is formed when the water droplets in fog freeze to the outer surfaces of objects.
		The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Contains the full text of the work with sidenotes.
		The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Overview of current print editions, taxonomy of internet versions, and study guides.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Rime_ice.html (216 words)

	Rhyme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In English, the spelling "rhyme" came to be adopted at the beginning of the Modern English period in order to reflect the Greek original, in the same way that a b was added to the words "dette" and "doute" to reflect the original Latin debitum and dubitum.
		A distinction between the spellings is also sometimes made in the study of linguistics and phonology, where "rime/rhyme" is used to refer to the nucleus and coda of a syllable.
		In this context, some prefer to spell this "rime" to separate it from the poetic rhyme covered by this article (see syllable rime).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhyme (1268 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Rime dictionary
		(also rime ice) frost formed on cold objects by the rapid freezing of water vapor in cloud or fog.
		Rimes and superrimes: an exploration of children's disyllabic rhyming skills.
		A Dictionary of Weather; 1/1/2001; STORM DUNLOP; 54 words; rime ice Ice that forms (sometimes in large masses several metres across) by direct freezing of water vapour and droplets on rocks...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Rime+dictionary (1020 words)

	AVSIM Aviation Simulation Weather: Icing
		Ice accretion on the aircraft wings wings has destroyed their ability to act as airfoils and provide lift.
		Rime ice is much lighter due to the air trapped within.
		Rime icing is common in areas with drizzle and usually stratus types of clouds.
	www.avsim.com /avwx/avsim_wxus_icing.html (1102 words)

	ab_id_08 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		So, rime heating (during the freezing of the accreted supercooled water droplets) reduces the diffusional growth rate of the rimer below that of the cooler colliding ice crystals causing the riming graupel to charge negatively; the crystals carry away the equal and opposite charge.
		At higher rime accretion rates, despite the resulting higher rime temperature, the rimer charges positively because its surface is bathed in vapour from the many accreted droplets freezing on its surface.
		This result is attributed to the smoother rime surface retaining heat because of reduced ventilation in the passing air stream, the heat reduces the rimer diffusional growth rate so that it charges more negatively than with smaller accreted droplets for the same rime accretion rate.
	www.chmi.cz /ECSS2002/abstracts/08.htm (577 words)

	Aviation.ca Weather Information - Chapter 2 - Aviation Weather Hazards
		Rime ice is a product of small droplets where each droplet has a chance to freeze completely before another droplet hits the same place.
		The ice that is formed is opaque and brittle because of the air trapped between the droplets.
		Rime ice tends to form on the leading edges of airfoils, builds forward into the air stream and has low adhesive properties.
	weather.aviation.ca /content/view/17/26 (9161 words)

	Ice Storms: Beauty Amid Destruction
		Ice storms differ from short freezing rain episodes in their duration, total ice accumulation and areal extent.
		Rime lacks the transparency of glaze, is less dense, and does not cling as tenaciously as glaze.
		Ice storms typically begin with a period of snow and strong easterly winds ahead of the approaching warm front.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/science_sky/86621 (482 words)

	Meteorology - Aviation Theory Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Rime ice is formed when small supercooled droplets impact upon the leading edges of the aircraft, resultsing in a very small release of latent heat and almost instantaneous change of state to ice.
		The opaque nature of this ice is caused by the trapping of air between the ice deposits, which results in a relatively weak ice coating with poor adhesion properties.
		Since very little air is trapped, the adhesion of clear ice to the collecting surface is far greater than that of the rime ice.
	www.geocities.com /aviationtheory/meteorology6.html (564 words)

	Module 2, Part 4, Lesson 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Rime ice is opaque and white in color, with a lower density due to air trapped inside.
		Rime ice is formed at colder temperature in clouds with low liquid water content.
		Unlike glaze ice, rime ice tends to freeze on impact and produces less dramatic changes in lift, although the amount of drag can still be very high.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/Aero2000/studweb/2-4-2i2.html (177 words)

	Portsmouth Herald Local News: Now this is Mount Washington...
		Rime ice resembles white coral or frosting on an elaborate wedding cake.
		Observers tasked with keeping instruments ice-free greatly prefer it to glaze ice, which is hard and clear and forms from freezing rain or drizzle.
		Rime ice forms when temperatures are below freezing and there is strong wind and fog.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2001news/2_3f.htm (1026 words)

	U
		Rime ice forms when water drops are small, such as those in stratiform clouds or light drizzle.
		Rime ice is lighter in weight than clear ice and its weight is of little significance.
		Mixed clear and rime ice forms when water drops vary in size or when liquid drops are intermingled with snow or ice particles.
	www.faa.gov /atpubs/atbarc/04-7.htm (2500 words)

	WMRA - Your NPR Station - WMRA - WMRY - WMRL - WMLU - NPR News and Classical Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This ice, and some of the ice at the tower site, would likely be considered Rime Ice, although some tower site ice appears to be due more to frozen rain than frozen fog.
		Rime Ice is rare in Virginia, but quite common at Mount Washington in New Hampshire.
		Because of falling ice chunks weighing 10 to 20 pounds, repairs to the antenna had to be carefully scheduled while temperatures were low.
	www.jmu.edu /wmra/ice.html (514 words)

	NACA UK Mirror report description page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The effects of ice formations on the section lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients of an unswept NACA 65A004 airfoil section of 6-foot chord were studied.
		In general, icing of the airfoil at angles af attack less than 4 degrees caused large increases in section drag coefficients (as much as 350 percent in 8 minunes of heavy glaze icing), reductions in section lift coefficients (up to 13 percent), and changes in the pitching-moment coefficient from diving toward climbing moments.
		Rotation of the iced airfoil to angles of attack other than that at which icing occurred caused sufficiently large changes in the pitching-moment coefficient that, in flight, rapid corrections in trim might be required in order to avoid a hazardous situation.
	naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk /report.php?NID=7237 (291 words)

	Aviation Safety Letter 4/2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Rime ice usually lurks in stratiform clouds with temperatures between -10 and -20°C. It has a milky pebbly appearance, and first shows up as a thin white line on wing leasing edges or other airframe protuberances, such as outside air temperature probes and antennas.
		Climbing through clouds in icing conditions carries a risk: If you spend too much time at climb angles of attack, you could cause ice to form on the undersides of the wings and aft of any boot or bleed- or bleed-air-protected leading edge wing panels.
		Icing is worse in the air currents over high terrain, and your ability to descend out of icing conditions is severely hampered by high MEAs.
	www.tc.gc.ca /civilaviation/systemsafety/newsletters/tp185/4-00/211.htm (1503 words)

	ice storms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Galce ice is transparent and lit tends to stick easier to surfaces.
		Rime ice is milky and crystalline; it is also harder to stick to surfaces.
		Ice storms may last for 12 hours or more.They can affect a few square kilometers to states and provinces.
	schools.tdsb.on.ca /parklawn/Blizzards/ice_storms.htm (285 words)

	Government of Yukon, Energy Branch - Wind Resources
		Rime ice forms large granular deposits on the windward side of the wind-turbine, particularly on the leading edges of the blades, seriously impeding its performance.
		The effect of rime icing on the blades of the wind turbine is such an important issue that it is worth examining in detail.
		Rime icing has garnered a great deal of attention from the Yukon Energy Corporation (YEC) and the Boreal Alternate Energy Centre in their studies of wind-power on ridge tops.
	www.emr.gov.yk.ca /energy/wind.html (6503 words)

	Flight Training Articles
		Icing intensity is classified as trace, light, moderate or severe depending on theaccumulation rate.
		Clear ice may develop in areas of large water droplets which are found in cumulus clouds or in freezing rain (warm front).
		Rime ice forms when drops are small, such as those in stratus clouds.
	www.gg-pilot.com /ggweeklyarticle.asp?id=12 (333 words)

	Rime Ice "Snowfeathers" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Many of the rocks and signs above treeline in New Hampshire's White Mountains are often covered in rime ice during the winter.
		If the winds and moisture content in the clouds are particularly high, the rime ice gives the appearance of creating "flags" on signs and other tall structures.
		The pictures below were taken of rime ice formed on rocks along Crawford Path during February, 1998.
	www.dsw.state.vt.us /outdoors/rimeice.htm (92 words)

	NACA UK Mirror report description page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Ice is found to collect on an airplane only when the airplane is in some form of visible moisture, such as cloud, fog, mist, rain.
		Described here are the characteristics of clear ice and rime ice and the specific types of hazards they present to airplanes and lighter than air vehicles.
		The weather records are classified according to the two general types of formation (clear ice and rime) together with the respective temperatures, relative humidities, clouds, and elevations above ground at which formations occurred.
	naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk /report.php?NID=972 (201 words)

	Rime Ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		(Rime ice is different from freezing rain; freezing rain forms when a liquid raindrop, at a temperature above freezing, falls onto an object whose temperature is below freezing.
		Rime ice can form at different rates and in different shapes and densities, depending on temperature, the amount of water present, and the velocity of the wind.
		Rime ice can add an immense amount of weight to the objects it forms upon, and can also alter their aerodynamic characteristics.
	www.campton.sau48.k12.nh.us /mwrimeice.htm (202 words)

	Rime Ice Coats the Cliffs and Trees of Lookout Mountain.
		Rime Ice Coats the Cliffs and Trees of Lookout Mountain.
		During the preceding night, clouds rising up and flowing over the summit have left a thick coat of rime ice, a form of frost, on the south sides of trees and rocks.
		Rime Ice Coats the Cliffs and Trees of Lookout Mountain near Mount Hood.
	www.ashcreekimages.com /Cascades/Lookout-Mountain-Ice-Covered-Summit.html (234 words)

	[No title]
		Rime occurs when super cooled water droplets (at a temperature lower than 0 degrees C [32 F]) in fog come in contact with a surface that is also at a temperature below freezing; the droplets are so small that they freeze almost immediately upon contact with the object.
		Rime is common on windward upper slopes of mountains that are enveloped by super cooled clouds.
		Rime is composed of small ice particles with air pockets between them; this structure causes its typical white appearance and granular structure.
	www.viewzone.com /mars3.html (2242 words)

	New Avionics Corporation
		The onset of airframe icing formation on a large cross sectional airframe member such as a wing is artificially retarded by compressed-air heat.
		A slender (1/4" diameter) transducer probe does not retard the onset of airframe icing because its small cross sectional area compresses fewer air molecules, and heats the surrounding air far less than the leading edge of a thick wing.
		IceMeister™ Model 9732 OEM ice* detecting transducer probe uses this principle to attract airframe icing at its earliest (0.001") thickness, and immediately alert the pilot to icing conditions.
	www.newavionics.com (777 words)

	Weather Elements: Hard Rains Will Fall
		Ice Pellets or Ice Grains are clear or opaque hard ice particles, spherical or irregular in shape with diameter of 1-5 mm (0.04-0.16 inches) They are formed by the re-freezing of rain or drizzle drops or partially melted snowflakes falling through a cold air layer near the surface.
		The buildup of soft rime ice usually leaves an opaque coating, which may point like a flag in the direction of the wind that deposited it.
		Freezing rain/drizzle, snow grains and ice crystals usually fall as steady precipitation whereas showers are the dominant method of fall for graupel -- snow pellets and soft hail.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/elements/hardrain.htm (1153 words)

	Icing Branch - Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In this present report on ice accretion, each agency predicted ice shapes on two dimensional airfoils under icing conditions for which experimental ice shapes were available.
		Rime ice predictions were reasonably accurate and consistent among the codes, because droplets freeze on impact and the freezing model is simple.
		Glaze ice predictions were less accurate and less consistent among the codes, because the freezing model is more complex and is critically dependent upon unsubstanti-ated heat transfer and surface roughness models.
	icebox-esn.grc.nasa.gov /ext/documents/drapaper.html (468 words)

	NASAexplores 9-12 Article: Aircraft Icing
		Interestingly, all ice is not the same when it comes to the way it affects aircraft.
		Glaze ice is similar to the ice that forms in ice cubes; it's smooth, transparent, and slick, whereas rime ice is actually made up of tiny white ice balls.
		A second chemical treatment made up of thicker chemicals clings to the surfaces to prevent ice from forming as the plane waits to leave the runway (this is anti-icing).
	www.nasaexplores.com /show2_912a.php?id=02-005&gl=912 (985 words)

	Cnstrctn Jrnl Photos
		Rime ice is a buildup from super-cooled liquid in cold, quickly-moving clouds across warmer, but frozen surfaces, such as twigs and branches.
		The ice formations we observed in a few, relatively protected areas of the ground were not like anything any of us had seen before.
		The little, vertical ice stalks were about the size and shape of blades of grass, densely packed, and very delicate and fragile.
	www.vitalclarity.com /FT_Jrnl/FT_0312/FT_1203_Pgs/CJ_121103.html (215 words)

	Rime Ice in the North Carolina Mountains
		You may think it's snow, but it could be rime ice formed when water droplets in clouds or fog freeze to the trees.
		Often, the rime ice forms just on the windward (wind-facing) slope of the mountain as clouds sweep over the ridge.
		But when rime ice is combined with snow cover, it creates a breathtaking walk in the higher elevations near Asheville.
	www.romanticasheville.com /rime_ice.htm (225 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		When it comes to aircraft structural icing, a little knowledge should go a long way because it doesn't take much to know that icing is scary and that the only good use for it is as ice cubes in your drink.
		Severe icing conditions can be found in stratus clouds over or downwind of large bodies of water, and when the clouds are lifted by convection over water or mountains, they become stratocumulous.
		Even a trace of ice might warrant coming in hot on the approach (up to a 20% increase in normal approach speed), but plan carefully because a higher approach speed means a longer roll-out on the runway.
	avstop.com /Stories/RimeAndClearAndMixed.htm (4069 words)

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