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	BVD...Or Is It Rinderpest, UC Davis Veterinary Medicine Extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest, on the other hand, is relatively unheard of by most US livestock owners and not high up on the list of potential diseases routinely considered by veterinarians.
		Rinderpest or cattle plague as it is commonly called in the Middle East, Asia, Africa or India, is caused by a virus and is highly contagious.
		Erosions on the palate of a cow infected with Rinderpest.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /vetext/INF-DA/INF-DA_Rinderpest.html (742 words)

	rinderpest - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		rinderpest or cattle plague, an acute and highly infectious viral disease of cattle, primarily in N Africa, SE Asia, and India.
		Progress against rinderpest - livestock disease - threatened as re-emergence of virus noted in Kenya, Somalia; FAO says pastoral ecosystem at risk, continued eradication efforts needed.
		Global Rinderpest Now Reduced to One Area, But Risks Breaking Out, FAO Warns; Somali Pastoral Ecosystem Is Focus for International Push to Eradicate Devastating Livestock Disease.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-rinderpe.html (271 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Fact Sheet - Rinderpest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a contagious viral disease affecting mainly cattle and buffalo.
		Rinderpest is usually transmitted by contact with secretions and excretions from infected animals, particularly nasal discharge.
		Acute cases of rinderpest are characterised by a sudden onset of fever accompanied by depression, loss of appetite, and watery nasal and eye discharge.
	www.inspection.gc.ca /english/anima/heasan/disemala/rinpes/rinpesfse.shtml (583 words)

	RINDERPEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest virus (RPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus.
		Rinderpest virus is rapidly inactivated at pH 2 and 12 (10 minutes); optimal for survival is a pH of 6.5-7.
		Rinderpest should be considered in all ages of cattle whenever there is a rapidly spreading acute febrile disease accompanied by the preceeding clinical signs and lesions of RP.
	www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/gray_book/FAD/rin.htm (2113 words)

	Building Development Partnerships: Rinderpest
		Indeed, rinderpest had been virtually eliminated from Africa in the 1970s, but success was proclaimed prematurely and the vaccinating process ceased too soon.
		This pivoted on having a method that could test reliably for rinderpest and be simple and inexpensive enough to be used on a large scale.
		For example, rinderpest outbreaks were confirmed in Kenya in 1996 and PARC, FAO and the Kenyan Government co-operated swiftly to locate contaminated areas and commence with emergency vaccination.
	www.iaea.org /Publications/Booklets/UndpBook/rinderpest.html (1523 words)

	India declared free of rinderpest cattle infection - Printer Friendly Page - Health/Medicine - Telugu Portal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The OIE declares a country free from rinderpest at least three years after the country has declared itself provisionally free from the disease and if it meets the set pathway or stages of clearances, which include provisional freedom from disease, freedom from disease and freedom from infection.
		A programme of rinderpest "serosurveillance" aimed at achieving the third and final stage of "freedom from rinderpest infection" was executed in three phases over three years - with phase I from November 2001 to October 2002, Phase II from November 2002 to October 2003 and Phase III from November 2003 to October 2004.
		The Indian government submitted the dossier for the consideration of the OIE for "freedom from rinderpest infection" status on Nov 1, 2004 and to Director General of OIE on Aug 22, 2005.
	www.teluguportal.net /modules/news/print.php?storyid=5593 (327 words)

	Guidelines for the use of Performance Indicators
		Rinderpest specific performance indicators are management tools for countries to objectively measure and assess their ability to detect rinderpest disease or virus.
		Rinderpest sero-surveillance is a means of illustrating the presence of virus in a population by detecting specific antibody to rinderpest virus in serum, however serological tests do not distinguish between serological response to infection with wild virus or inoculation with vaccine virus.
		Countries progressing along the OIE pathway from ‘provisional freedom from rinderpest’ through ‘freedom from rinderpest disease’ and finally to ‘freedom from rinderpest infection’ shall be required to demonstrate the presence of a well functioning veterinary service and provide details of their disease surveillance and reporting system.
	www.international-food-safety.com /docs/guidelinesrinderpest.htm (5049 words)

	Rinderpest Egypt
		The simultaneous inoculation of cattle with rinderpest and haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccines.
		Rinderpest virus isolates of different virulence vary in their capacity to infect bovine monocytes and macrophages.
		Persistance [sic] of maternal antibodies to rinderpest virus in calves born to vaccinated dams.
	www.move-in.org /diseases/rinderpest_eg.htm (540 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Rinderpest virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest (Cattle Plague) is a highly fatal viral disease of domestic cattle, buffaloes and yaks.
		The Global Rinderpest Eradication Program (GREP) was established in 1987 by the United Nation's FAO to develop strategies of control in high risk countries that will lead to the total eradication of the Rinderpest virus by 2010.
		Rinderpest infection is via the epithelium of the upper or lower respiratory tract.
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=129&fr=1&sts=sss (660 words)

	CIDRAP >> Rinderpest
		Rinderpest is a disease mainly of cattle and domestic buffalo, including water buffalo.
		A rinderpest outbreak in wild ruminants in Kenya confirmed the importance of wildlife as sentinels but showed that the wildlife did not act as a reservoir for the domestic population.
		Rinderpest should be considered and differentiated from BVD in all cases of rapidly spreading, acutely febrile disease accompanied by oral erosions.
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/anim-disease/rpest.html (2014 words)

	After fighting a cattle virus, vet turns to birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He believes bird flu may eventually be halted by a lesson learned in the fight against rinderpest: that mass vaccinations don't always work as well as narrowly targeted attacks on the disease.
		Rinderpest, which means "cattle plague" in German, dates back at least two millennia.
		For about five years now, no confirmed case of rinderpest has appeared anywhere in the world, a sign that the battle against the disease could soon be declared over.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/06075/671515.stm (1923 words)

	FAO News and Highlights: Rinderpest -- the toll and treatment of a plague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest is the most dreaded bovine plague -- a highly infectious viral disease that can destroy entire populations of cattle and buffalo.
		Rinderpest is mainly spread by direct contact and by drinking water that has been infected by the dung of sick animals.
		Rinderpest can be prevented with vaccination but spreads easily among non-vaccinated herds through livestock trade and pastoral migrations.
	www.fao.org /News/1996/960804-E.HTM (213 words)

	Rinderpest: Introduction - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Rinderpest is a disease of cloven-hoofed animals characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality.
		Rinderpest virus is present in small amounts of nasal secretions 1-2 days before fever; levels are high in secretions and excretions during the first week of clinical disease and decrease rapidly as animals develop specific antibodies and begin to recover.
		In areas where rinderpest is uncommon or absent, laboratory tests must be used to differentiate it from bovine viral diarrhea in particular, as well as East Coast fever, foot-and-mouth disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and malignant catarrhal fever.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/56300.htm (982 words)

	fact file: rinderpest
		Rinderpest killed vast numbers of cattle in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries.
		By a combination of slaughter and rigorous quarantine, rinderpest was eliminated from Europe in the early 1900s.
		Rinderpest is caused by a morbillivirus which is a subgroup of the family Paramyxoviridae.
	www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk /schools/factfiles/rinderpest.htm (733 words)

	Exotic animal diseases - Rinderpest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest is an acute, usually fatal, viral disease principally of cattle.
		Rinderpest is caused by a virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae.
		There was an occurrence of rinderpest in Western Australia in 1923 that was quickly eradicated.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /health/3957.html (382 words)

	World Veterinary Association
		Rinderpest is the most dreaded bovine plague, a highly infectious viral disease that can destroy entire populations of cattle and buffaloes.
		A Rinderpest outbreak that raged across much of Africa in the early 1980s is estimated to have caused losses of at least $2,000 million.
		But FAO warns that progress in eradicating Rinderpest risks being reversed if the virus manages to break out of its last strongholds, which appear to be limited to extensive cattle herds in the semi-arid rangelands of the Horn of Africa.
	www.worldvet.org /printarticle1322.html (1514 words)

	RISK ASSESSMENT OF A VACCINIA VIRUS RECOMBINANT VACCINE FOR RINDERPEST
		The rinderpest virus (RPV), a member of the paramyxovirus group, is closely related to measles virus of humans, canine distemper virus of dogs, and peste des petits ruminants virus of goats and sheep.
		Rinderpest is an excellent candidate for eradication using a VV recombinant vaccine, which has the advantages of thermostability, low cost of production, and ease of vaccination by a number of routes including intradermal, intramuscular, or oral.
		Use of the rinderpest double recombinant VV in areas of the world where PPRV is endemic would also aid in the control and eradication of PPR.
	www.nbiap.vt.edu /brarg/brasym96/yilma96.htm (3165 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An 1889 outbreak of rinderpest in Africa destroyed 90% of the domestic cattle and water buffalo.
		An outbreak of rinderpest in the United States (or an outbreak at several divergent cattle farms in the United States) could cause the cattle and dairy industry incalculable damage.
		A rinderpest outbreak in the U.S. would be handled like a 1991 outbreak in Turkey; in that instance 6,000 cattle were slaughtered and almost all of the country’s 12 million cattle vaccinated.
	home.earthlink.net /~maxcoa/Hybrid/2002/July2002/rinderpest.html (540 words)

	New Agriculturist: Developments - Reporting on rinderpest
		The spread of rinderpest into the Tsavo National Park by 1994 and then to the Nairobi National Park, Kajiado and northern Tanzania by 1996 is thought to have resulted from the severe drought in 1993.
		If rinderpest spreads as a result of the current situation, it will be a severe test of Kenya's defences, which include maintenance of a vaccinated buffer zone in the east of the country.
		The threat of rinderpest therefore still looms and countries at risk need to be vigilant against reintroduction and ready to react rapidly on suspicions of the disease.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /00-3/develop/dev03.html (817 words)

	AWF: Rinderpest Recedes
		Rinderpest, a highly contagious bovine plague that has killed millions of Africa's cattle, buffalo and other wildlife in the last century, is finally coming under control.
		Rinderpest, caused by morbillivirus, attacks cloven-hoofed animals like cows, sheep, buffalo and giraffe and is almost always fatal.
		Rinderpest is believed to persist in Sudan and possibly Somalia, and about four other places in the world.
	www.awf.org /content/headline/detail/1045 (161 words)

	Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP)
		The Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP) is a time-bound programme to eliminate rinderpest from the world by the year 2010.
		The control of rinderpest to the point we are at today has been a remarkable triumph for veterinary science and national commitment but it has not been achieved without setbacks.
		As recently as the 1980s, rinderpest raged across Africa, and this occurred at a time when the disease was thought to have been beaten after a very successful international vaccination campaign through the 1960s and 1970s.
	www.fao.org /ag/againfo/programmes/en/grep/home.html (213 words)

	The Hindu : National : Rinderpest disease eradicated
		The first stage of "Provisional freedom from rinderpest disease" for the entire country was achieved from March 1, 1998.
		The second stage of "Freedom from rinderpest disease" for various zones was approved by OIE on May 27, 2004.
		For a country to declare itself provisionally free from rinderpest, no clinical disease should have been detected for at least two years and an effective veterinary service that is able to monitor the animal health situation in the country, must be in place.
	www.hindu.com /2006/06/09/stories/2006060904461300.htm (508 words)

	Planet Ark - Pakistan says has eradicated rinderpest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A serious rinderpest epidemic hit Pakistan from 1990 to 1995, triggering an extensive programme of checks to eradicate the disease.
		The last cases of rinderpest were detected in Pakistan in September, 2000.
		Rinderpest is a highly fatal viral disease of domestic cattle and buffaloes.
	www.planetark.com /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=19674 (226 words)

	India declared free from rinderpest virus - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rinderpest is the first animal disease to be officially recognised by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in Paris as having been eradicated from India.
		Although the mass vaccination controlled rinderpest over vast areas of the country, the disease continued to lurk in inter-state border regions, where vigilance units and checkposts were established for developing immune zones and for vaccinating bovine creatures on livestock-movement routes.
		From the early Seventies, the rinderpest tissue culture vaccine (Plowrite and Ferris strain from Africa) was used.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jun122006/national174162006611.asp (744 words)

	Definition of Rinderpest
		Rinderpest (RP) is a inflectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some species of wildlife, it is commonly reffered to as cattle plague.
		Rinderpest was established as an infectious disease in 1754 when susceptible animals were infected by placing bits of material previously dipped in morbid discharge into an incision made in the dewlap.
		More recently, another rinderpest outbreak that raged across much of Africa in 1982-84 is estimated to have cost at least US$500 million in stock losses.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Rinderpest (221 words)

	Vétérinaires sans frontières \| Projects \| Activities in Africa
		Widespread outbreaks of rinderpest occurred in southern Sudan in the early 1990s but the vaccination campaigns carried out by the OLS livestock programme from 1993 onwards reduced the number and severity of outbreaks to almost none.
		Elimination of the endemic areas in southern Sudan is crucial for rinderpest eradication from the east and central Africa regions.
		This project aims to concentrate disease control activities in the suspected rinderpest endemic areas of southern Sudan in order to eliminate the remaining foci and contribute to final eradication of rinderpest from Africa.
	www.vsf-belgium.org /dzf/view/en/591 (980 words)

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