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Topic: Ring collider

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	FYI
		Ahigh-luminosity electron-positron collider at the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory, Cornell University.
		KEKB: An electron-positron collider to study CP violation in the B meson, at KEK.
		CDF: Collider Detector at Fermilab, studies proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2002-09/dnal-f092502.php (1707 words)

	Large Electron-Positron Collider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		LEP is a giant evacuated ring with a circumference of 27 kilometers built in an tunnel under the border of Switzerland and France.
		The Super Proton Synchrotron (an older ring collider) is used to accelerate electrons and positrons to nearly the speed of light.
		As in all ring colliders, the LEP's ring consists of many magnets which force the charged particles into a circular trajectory (so that they stay inside the ring), RF accelerators which accelerate the particles with radio frequency (RF) waves and quadrupoles that focus the particle beam (i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Large_Electron-Positron_Collider (698 words)

	Large Electron-Positron Collider
		LEP is a giant evacuated ring with a circumference of 27 kilometers built in an underground tunnel under the border of Switzerland and France.
		The Super Proton Synchrotron (an older ring collider) is used to accelerate electrons and positrons to nearly the speed of light which are then injected into the ring.
		As all ring colliders, the LEP's ring consists of many magnets which force the charged particle on a circular trajectory (so that they stay inside the ring), rf accelerators which accelerate the particles with radio frequency (rf) waves and quadrupoles that focus the particle beam (i.e.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/large_electron_positron_collider (625 words)

	DAFNE DESIGN STRATEGY
		In the case of an electron/positron collider, it is the product of the number of electrons stored in each bunch times the number of positrons stored in each bunch times the frequency of bunch crossings at the interaction point, divided by the cross section area of the beam at the crossing point.
		This is a "conventional" storage ring, where a single bunch of electrons and a single one of positrons circulate in opposite directions in the same vacuum vessel, crossing in a low-beta interaction point and being separated at the opposite point in the ring by means of electrostatic fields.
		Accelerator experiments performed on storage ring in operation or already shut down have shown that radiation damping, an effect coming from the intense synchrotron radiation emission form the particles inside the storage ring bending fields, is a relevant parameter in the beam-beam interaction limitation to the maximum achievable luminosity.
	www.lnf.infn.it /acceleratori/dafne/strategy.html (805 words)

	[No title]
		The LEP storage ring is the last accelerator in a chain of five, each of which handles the same electrons and positrons generated on every pulse by the electron gun and the positron converter.
		The speed and efficiency with which the LEP collider was commissioned was the result of careful planning and co-ordination of the testing of components as they were installed in the tunnel and, later, of the extensive programme of global testing without beam, just before the official turn-on date.
		The present LEP collider, with its energy upgrade and the future programmes of higher luminosity and polarization, is providing and will continue to provide for the physicists of Europe and the rest of the world, a unique and powerful physics tool for fundamental research in the 1990's.
	sl-div.web.cern.ch /sl-div/history/lep_doc.html (5913 words)

	Acronyms of High-Energy Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		A high-luminosity electron-positron collider at the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory, Cornell University.
		An electron-positron collider to study CP violation in the B meson, at KEK.
		Collider Detector at Fermilab, studies proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron.
	www.stormpages.com /webexpert/Particle/Acronym.htm (1040 words)

	wiki/Ring collider Definition / wiki/Ring collider Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		It has been dismantled and the underground tunnel is being reused for a proton/proton collider called the LHC due to start operation in 2007.
		At present the highest energy accelerators are all circular colliders, but it is likely that limits have been reached in respect of compensating for synchrotron radiation losses, and the next generation will probably be linear accelerators five or ten miles long.
		The central idea is that the theory of general relativity can be combined with the observations on the largest scales of galaxies receding from each other to extrapolate the conditions of the universe back or forward in time.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Ring_collider (2964 words)

	Session 8W - Circular Electron Colliders, Linear Colliders (Beam Dynamics), Other Accelerators and Storage Rings.
		Colliding beam experiments at CESR with beams made round by running on the coupling resonance have been performed,(E. Young et al.), abstract, this conference and runs are planned with the beams made round by Möbius modification.(R. Talman, Phys.
		Coupled-bunch instability due to photo-electrons in the positron ring is being studied at BEPC in Beijing jointly by KEK and IHEP.
		Finally, because the collider must operate with long bunch trains, we consider the multibunch emittance dilution for two cases: that where the long-range transverse wakefield is purely damped and that where the wakefield is decreased by a combination of weak damping and detuning.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSPAC97/abs/S530.html (4969 words)

	Facilities
		It consists of a double ring collider for electrons and positrons with 510 MeV energy per beam.
		In details, a high current LINAC produces up to 500 mA electron and 100 mA positron beams, feeding them to a ring where they are stacked and damped; from the damping ring they are injected into two identical but separate storage rings.
		The two rings cross at two interactions points where the experiments are installed.
	www.lnf.infn.it /cee/tarifp6/facilities.htm (716 words)

	Collider Ring Working Group - Tasks and Study Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		Currently in a very preliminary state, it will be frequently updated to evolve along with the study, with our improving understanding of the relevant issues and with the specific areas under study by the participants.
		Since this is an open study, prospective participants are invited to pursue studies in any area at all related to the collider rings for muon colliders.
		The collider ring working group will also produce a write-up that addresses the collective task for the working group and that references and summarizes the individual papers related to cooling.
	pubweb.bnl.gov /people/bking/mucoll/collider.html (844 words)

	HERA
		The Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator, HERA, is the first electron-proton collider in the world; it will be the only such facility for many years.
		The HERA ring tunnel has an inner diameter of 5.2 m The two storage rings for the electron (e) and proton (p) beams are mounted on top of each other.
		The magnets of the proton storage ring (upper) need to produce a magnetic field of 4.7 Tesla for bending the high momentum proton beam in the arcs of the ring.
	www-zeus.desy.de /public/hera.php3 (247 words)

	HIGH LUMINOSITY MUON COLLIDER DESIGN
		Hadron collider energies are limited by their size, and technical constraints on bending magnetic fields.
		The ring for a muon collider of the same energy would be only about 1.2 km circumference.
		These electrons travel toward the inside of the ring dipoles, radiating a fraction of their energy as synchrotron radiation towards the outside of the ring, and depositing the rest on the inside.
	linac96.web.cern.ch /Linac96/Proceedings/Friday/FR101/Paper.html (2655 words)

	CERN Courier - China agrees upgrade of its - IOP Publishing - article
		The existing Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC), with a beam energy in the 1-2.5 GeV range, was constructed between 1984 and 1988.
		With the construction of an additional ring, BEPCII will be a double-ring collider that approaches most of the specifications of a particle factory (CERN Courier October 2001 p6).
		The second ring will be accommodated in the existing tunnel of BEPC, with a large horizontal crossing angle of 11 milliradians at the southern interaction region.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/43/3/6/1 (708 words)

	Muon Collider
		The goal of the 2 day workshop, at the University of Mississippi-Oxford, is to progress towards a test cooling ring for muons that could be built.
		Weak Focusing 250 MeV/c ring with four/six dipoles.
		Cost estimate for the ring system is ~$5M.
	www.phy.olemiss.edu /HEP/mucool/umrc2004.html (264 words)

	Visions 7 - Particle accelerators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		Various linear collider studies are under way around the world looking at different configurations and methods of acceleration.
		A medium-energy muon collider of half a teraelectronvolt energy would be particularly effective at producing new particles such as Higgs particles which could then be studied in detail.
		Bunches of positive and negative muons would then be accelerated to the required energies and injected into a storage or collider ring.
	policy.iop.org /v_production/v7.html (1099 words)

	PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
		A synchrotron consists of a tube in the shape of a large ring through which the particles travel; the tube is surrounded by magnets that keep the particles moving through the center of the tube.
		A storage ring collider accelerator is a synchrotron that produces more energetic collisions between particles than a conventional synchrotron, which slams accelerated particles into a stationary target.
		A storage ring collider accelerates two sets of particles that rotate in opposite directions in the ring, then collides the two sets of particles.
	www.egglescliffe.org.uk /physics/particles/newfolder/acc1.html (1469 words)

	SLAC's 40th Anniversary Celebration
		It was an electron-electron collider, not an electron-positron collider as we have now, but it was the pioneer facility and until recently held the record for circulating current in an electron machine, 0.6 Amp.
		With the construction of the huge 27-kilometer circumference LEP electron-positron storage ring collider at the CERN laboratory, it became clear that the line pioneered by SPEAR had reached its practical end.
		The size of colliding-beam storage rings for electrons scales as the square of the energy, and so going up by a factor of ten from the energy of LEP would require a machine that was 2700 kilometers in circumference – a financial impossibility, never mind the accelerator issues.
	www-conf.slac.stanford.edu /40years/s-richter.htm (2370 words)

	The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
		With the advent of colliding beam storage rings (SPEAR in 1972) and PEP (in 1980), which are discussed in more detail below, the SLAC linac also served as source and injector for electrons and positrons.
		While in PEP-I the electron and positron beams were stored at equal energies in a single ring, PEP-II is equipped with a high-energy ring (HER) for electrons at an energy of 9.1 GeV and a low energy ring (LER) for positrons of 3 GeV.
		Colliding electrons and positrons at different energies to boost the motion of the center-of-mass and separating the vertices of the decaying B mesons constitutes another major innovation executed by SLAC in collaboration with LBNL and LLNL.
	www.slac.stanford.edu /gen/grad/GradHandbook/slac.html (970 words)

	From the Correspondents: Brookhaven National Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		The machine physicists were able to operate the collider at 10% of design gold-gold collision luminosity.
		The Collider Operations Group spent much of this commissioning run gaining proficiency at radiofrequency capture and acceleration of the gold ions in the RHIC tunnel.
		The most heavily activated portion of the collider are the internal beam dumps, one in each ring, and these were only reading about 1 mrem/hr immediately following machine shutdown in September.
	www.hps.org /iarpe/archive/4qtr00/brookhaven.html (445 words)

	Encyclopedia: Large Electron-Positron Collider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		Annihilation occurs when a particle collides with an antiparticle.
		CMS detector for LHC at CERN The Large Hadron Collider (short LHC) is a particle accelerator and collider located at CERN.
		It is currently under construction and scheduled to start operation in 2007.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Large-Electron_Positron-Collider (1565 words)

	Elementary Particles-Electrons, protons, neutrons and antiparticle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (1992) defines an elementary particle as "A particle that is not a compound of other particles." By this definition, there are about 500 particles that have been "discovered" in collider experiments.
		A single model, the spinning charged ring, accounts for the observed properties of all four elementary particles.
		In this model, the structure and shape of the particle are the same, including the ratio of ring diameter to the ring thickness diameter; the size of the ring and its charge each take on two values.
	www.commonsensescience.org /element.htm (371 words)

	BES Collaboration Homepage
		During the major upgrade, the most advanced double ring angle colliding technology will be used, that is to say, one more storage ring will be added in the existing BEPC storage ring so that the electrons and positrons can travel separately in their own storage ring.
		The number of e+ e- colliding bunches will be increased to 93 from 1 in each ring.
		The upgraded BEPC will maintain its leading position among accelerators of the same kind in the world and become one of the most advanced double ring colliders in the world for precision measurement in the tau charm energy region and probing new physics.
	bes.ihep.ac.cn /news/news0320-1.html (383 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		Changes were proposed and agreed upon, including increasing the main ring dipole aperture from 40mm to 50mm to improve operating margins and field quality, and increasing the injection energy from 1 TeV to 2 TeV.
		The third and final accelerator before entering the large collider rings, the High Energy Booster (HEB), consisting of 10.8 kilometer circumference tunnel filled with superconducting magnets, was under design.
		Finally, for the 87.1 kilometer circumference collider ring, the excavation of seventeen shafts was complete, and the tunnel boring, begun in January 1993, had proceeded rapidly, with 77,065 feet (roughly 23 kilometers) completed by fall 1993.
	www.hep.net /documents/drell/apendixa.html (1715 words)

	Read about Large Electron-Positron Collider at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Large Electron-Positron Collider and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-28)
		LEP is a giant evacuated ring with a circumference of 27
		The Super Proton Synchrotron (an older ring collider) is used to accelerate electrons and
		As in all ring colliders, the LEP's ring consists of many magnets which force the charged particles into a circular trajectory (so that they stay inside the ring), RF accelerators which
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Large_Electron_Positron (576 words)

	FermiNews
		A high-luminosity electron-positron collider at the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory, Cornell University.
		KEK B-Factory: An electron-positron collider to study CP violation in the B meson, at KEK.
		LHC-B: Large Hadron Collider B Experiment, being built at the LHC at CERN.
	www.fnal.gov /pub/ferminews/ahep.html (1196 words)

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