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Topic: Ring structure

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ring mathematics

The War of the Ring

The Fellowship of the Ring

Ring Magazine

commutative ring

ring algebra

Rings of Power

local ring

ring ideal

Der Ring des Nibelungen

token ring

ring homomorphism

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	Saturn's Magnificent Rings
		One of the clues to this theory is that the rings are bright.
		The rings were observed while they were in front of the planet, producing a complex interplay of sunlight reflected from the rings and the shadows cast by the rings on the cloud tops of Saturn.
		The ring's brightness peaks near the orbit of Saturn's moon Enceladus with vertical thickness smallest at this orbit.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/saturnrings.htm (3043 words)

	NASA - Cassini Radio Signals Decipher Saturn Ring Structure
		Its structure seems remarkably different from its two neighbors, rings A and C. The origin of Saturn's rings is a mystery.
		Marouf said that at the lower end, particles of about 5 centimeters (roughly 2 inches) in diameter or less seem to be scarce in ring B and inner ring A. In rings C and outer ring A, particles of less than about 5 centimeters (2 inches) in diameter seem to be abundant.
		Cassini found that the inner and outer parts of ring B contain rings that are hundreds of kilometers wide (hundreds of miles) and vary greatly in the amount of material they contain.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-052305.html (719 words)

	Amalthea Ring Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The outer edge of the "first" gossamer ring is found at the location of the orbit of Amalthea, and so was dubbed the "Amalthea ring".
		The shape of the outer edge, however, is much different from the "classical" rings, which are quite flat (as the main ring).
		The vertical thickness of the Amalthea gossamer ring corresponds to the distance above and below the ring plane that Amalthea travels during its orbit.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/sept98/rings/jrings11.html (71 words)

	Sealing assembly - Patent 4304409
		5 is an exploded view of the grooves of a ring member of the sealing assembly in relation to the surface of the shaft, to illustrate the control of fluid flow in the event of failure or wear of the contacting portion of the sealing device.
		Accordingly, the rings are arranged where the first ring 22 may be secured to a stationary member, e.g., the housing 12, and the other rings (i.e., second ring 24 and third ring 26) are secured to the rotating member, e.g., the shaft 10.
		In structure and sealing function, the rings 22 and 24 and rings 22 and 26 are sealed along a radial line-contact.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4304409.html (2617 words)

	Ring Structure of Saturn
		Three of the rings, A, B and C, are visible from Earth with a telescope.
		Saturn's rings were first discovered by Galileo in the 1600's, although at the time he didn't know what they were.
		In the 1800's a third, faint ring was found and named C. It wasn't until 1979 that we found the E, F, and G rings, when the Pioneer 11 and Voyager spacecrafts flew by Saturn.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/saturn/ring_structure.html&edu=high (403 words)

	Crossdating: Conifer Ring Structure
		In the applet, the default setting is not to allow for missing rings, but you may turn that option on and restart a new core to try a harder crossdating problem that may include any number of missing rings.
		In the applet, the default setting is not to allow for false rings, but you may turn on that option and restart a new core to try a harder crossdating problem that may include one false ring.
		If there is a false ring, the virtual core will show it as identical to its other intra-annual band; you will have to discover the false ring by crossdating your skeleton plot with the master chronology.
	tree.ltrr.arizona.edu /~sheppard/SkeletonPlot/RingStructure.htm (866 words)

	Glucose Ring Structure
		The difference between the two structures is determined by the position of the carbonyl functionality, C=O. In glucose it is positioned on C1 forming an aldose, whilst in fructose it is positioned on C2, meaning that fructose is described as a ketose.
		Hence glucose forms a six membered ring structurally similar to that of pyran, whilst fructose forms a five membered ring similar to furan.
		Thus two isomers of D-glucose exist: a-D-glucose (in which the OH group at C1 lies below the plane of the ring) and b-D-glucose (in which the OH group at C1 lies above the plane of the ring).
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2001/wyatt/carbo2.htm (368 words)

	ScienceDaily: Cassini Radio Signals Decipher Saturn Ring Structure
		Its structure seems remarkably different from its two neighbors, rings A and C. This simulated image was constructed from the measured optical depth profiles.
		Best Ever UV Images Of Saturn's Rings Hint At Their Origin, Evolution (July 8, 2004) -- The best view ever of Saturn's rings in the ultraviolet indicates there is more ice toward the outer part of the rings, hinting at ring origin and evolution, say two University of Colorado at Boulder...
		Saturn's Faint Rings Share Some Of Their Secrets (July 5, 2006) -- Dramatic Cassini images of Saturn's diaphanous G and E rings are yielding new clues about their structure and formation, namely that Enceladus' geysers are the main supply for the E ring, and that a...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/05/050523153601.htm (1790 words)

	The Rings of Saturn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Three bright ring features are seen: the F Ring, the Cassini Division, and the C Ring (moving from the outer rings to the inner).
		The evidence indicates that the rings are composed of particles that are mostly ice crystals, with sizes as large as centimeters or meters.
		They found further that the outer ring was kept in place by the gravitational interaction of two small "shepherd moons" lying just inside and outside it, and that at least some of the other rings are kept narrow by similar small shepherding satellites.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/saturn/rings.html (502 words)

	- Central docking and payload ring structure for Thruster Ring Spacecrafts held with CNT Thread in Outer Ring
		The Inner Ring structure should be a Magazine Docking and Payload station which is not shown here.
		The threads 5.9.3.1 are also thought to center the Inner Ring structure into the outer Ring with the help of the winches 5.9.3, so that constructing the craft would be a lot easier.
		The area between rings 5.b and 5.c is used up through solar panels 5.11, the area in the innerst ring 5.a is free for payload or daughter units.
	www.solar-thruster-sailor.info /figs/fig17.html (499 words)

	PawPawResearch: The Big Difference Between Paw Paw and Graviola
		The chemistry structure of the graviola compounds does not allow it to be as potent as that of the paw paw acetogenins.
		McLaughlin and his students did chemical structure analysis on many of these compounds, and without exception found that those acetogenins with a "double ring" chemical structure were many, many times more powerful than those with only single ring structures.
		In fact, Dr. McLaughlin went further to isolate "triple" ring structured compounds--only to find that they also were inferior to double ring.
	www.pawpawresearch.com /graviola-inferior.htm (1296 words)

	Ring Structure of Basement of South Tatar Arch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This feature, the Shentalinsko-Cheremshan structure, has a diameter of 250 km and is expressed clearly in the gravity and magnetic fields in the form of a ring distribution of anomalies.
		Development of the Shentalinsko-Cheremshan ring structure began with formation of an isometric arch in the Earth's crust due to introduction of mantle material.
		The ring frame experienced differential movements during all the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, accompanied by various lithofacies changes in sedimentation.
	geocities.com /internetgeology/L126a.html (492 words)

	Ring Structure Around Supernova 1987A (SEDS HST Archive 75 of 135) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The small bright ring lies in a plane containing the supernova, the two larger rings lie in front and behind it.
		The rings are a surprise because astronomers expected to see, instead, an hourglass shaped bubble of gas being blown into space by the supernova's progenitor star (based on previous HST observations, and images at lower resolution taken at ground-based observatories).
		One possibility is that the two rings might be "painted" on the invisible hourglass by a high-energy beam of radiation that is sweeping across the gas, like a searchlight sweeping across clouds.
	www.seds.org /hst/SN1987A_Rings.html (238 words)

	Ring structure of sugars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although the bond angles force the carbon atoms of sugars not to be in the same plane, it is not easy to represent this when drawing the structures of sugars on a sheet of paper.
		To understand and appreciate sugar structures, the rings of D- and L- sugars should be compared.
		The structures are often arranged to get reacting groups close to each other as one sugar reacts with another to form disaccharides, trisaccharides, and sugar polymers such as cellulose.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/rings.htm (286 words)

	Cassini Radio Signals Decipher Saturn Ring Structure
		The ring’s structure seems remarkably different from its two neighbors, rings A and C. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Italian space agency.
		Saturn’s rings are an enormous, complex structure and their origin is a mystery.
		Cassini found that the inner and outer parts of ring B contain smaller rings, some hundreds of kilometers wide and varying greatly in the amount of material they contain.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/news/2005/space-050524-usia01.htm (980 words)

	[No title]
		Given an arbitrary commutative ring R with unit, it is, therefore, natural to ask whether it admits a ~-ring structure.
		Since a filtered ring R has a topology on it, one is tempted to ask if the moduli set of filtered ~-ring structures on it has a natural topology that is, in some sense, compatible with the topology on R. This is indeed the case, as was shown by the author in [5].
		By a filtered ring, we mean a commutative ring R with unit together with a decreasing sequence of ideals R = I0 I1 I2.
	www.math.purdue.edu /research/atopology/YauD/truncated.txt (3904 words)

	Tie ring patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A tie ring is provided wherein the tie ring includes a tie ring structure defining at least one strap cavity.
		It is well known that rotor rotational speeds this high generate a large amount of stress loads (both centrifugal and axial) on components disposed within the alternator 104, such as a plurality of connection straps 116 which are used to connect the alternator winding sets together in a series fashion.
		The alternator assembly also includes a plurality of alternator rotor windings, wherein the plurality of the alternator rotor windings are disposed to be non-movably associated with alternator support structure external portion such that the alternator rotor windings are evenly distributed along the alternator support structure external portion.
	www.freshpatents.com /Tie-ring-dt20051229ptan20050285465.php (1776 words)

	18.5 Add a ring structure
		To define a ring structure on A, you must provide an addition, a multiplication, an opposite function and two unities 0 and 1.
		If you declare a Ring inside a section, the declaration will be thrown away when closing the section.
		Another ring structure is defined on the booleans.
	pauillac.inria.fr /cdrom_a_graver/www/coq/doc/node.3.7.4.html (627 words)

	V. Internal Causes of Ring Structure
		Two physical concepts underlie the internal workings of ring systems: the availability of free mechanical energy due to the velocity shear across the rings, and the energy dissipation and viscosity that arises because the collisions among the particles are highly inelastic.
		That is, in equilibrium each ring region characterized by a particular optical depth (or surface mass density) has a unique random velocity.
		The viscous diffusive instability mechanism responsible for this outcome was regarded as a possibility for explaining the large degree and variety of ring structure in Saturn's B ring until laboratory measurements on ice particles indicated that the particle inelasticity was lower, and consequently the rings were thinner and the filling factor larger, than originally believed.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/porco01/node13.html (366 words)

	Statement of Work: Pier - Upper Ring Steel Structure
		The Pier - Upper Ring Steel is the main base of the Telescope structure which closes the top of the concrete Telescope Pier.
		The Telescope Azimuth Ring (not part of this Supply) is being manufactured by Ansaldo Energia in Milan, Italy.
		The Pier - Upper Ring Steel and the Templates for the fixation of the Telescope Azimuth Ring are the location where the construction of the Large Binocular Telescope transitions from English to metric dimensions.
	abell.as.arizona.edu /~hill/rfp/upper/uppwor.htm (1700 words)

	Design of Ring structure for a Telephone Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To increase the reliability of a telephone network based on optic cables, a ring structure is used.
		and capacities of the rings should be chosen so that all required flows can be transferred only via the rings without any additional cable, so that the total amount of traffic transferred via a specific ring does not exceed the capacity of the ring.
		For the general problem a heuristic algorithm was developed which generates a ring structure, estimates it and then changes the structure according to the estimation.
	www.cs.bgu.ac.il /~iim/takzir.htm (515 words)

	IV. External Causes of Ring Structure
		The degree to which external perturbations on ring particle orbits will create visible disturbances in a featureless disk system depends on the ring's natural ability to distribute the change in angular momentum imposed by the external torque.
		The two outermost major ring elements comprising Saturn's rings---the very dense B ring extending from 92,000 km to 117,580 km distance from Saturn's center, and the intermediate optical depth A ring, extending from 122,170 km to 136,780 km---contain many examples of features caused by external perturbations.
		The co-orbitals and Mimas are also responsible for the two strongest resonances within Saturn's rings which create the 7-lobed and 2-lobed patterns of radial oscillations observed in the sharp outer edges of the A and B rings, respectively.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/porco01/node7.html (377 words)

	HubbleSite - Hubble Finds Mysterious Ring Structure around Supernova 1987a - 5/19/1994
		The Hubble telescope has obtained the best images yet of a mysterious mirror-imaged pair of rings of glowing gas encircling the site of the stellar explosion called supernova 1987A.
		One possibility for these "hula hoops" of gas is that the two rings might be caused by a high-energy beam of radiation that is sweeping across the gas, like a searchlight sweeping across clouds.
		The small, bright ring lies in a plane containing the supernova; one larger ring lies in front of and the other behind the smallest one.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/22 (144 words)

	The Valhalla Multi-ring Structure on Callisto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The global view (lower left) is dominated by a large bulls-eye feature, the Valhalla multi-ring structure, consisting of a bright inner region about 600 kilometers (370 miles) across.
		Valhall's outer rings are clearly seen to consist of troughs which could be fractures in the crust which resulted from the impact.
		The bright central plains possibly were created by the excavation and ejection of 'cleaner' ice or liquid water from beneath the surface, with a fluid-like mass filling the crater bowl after impact.
	www.racine.ra.it /planet/testi/Foto/pia01649.htm (360 words)

	Ring UK Wedding Jewellery Experts : Platinum Rings & Silver Cufflinks
		Ring UK Wedding Jewellery Experts : Platinum Rings & Silver Cufflinks
		GVG is a breath of fresh air to both the well initiated and less experienced Internet user.
		The GVG network does it again with top sought after key-phrases ring uk and gold ring on the top page of Google!!!
	www.gvg.ltd.uk (1958 words)

	Benzene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The structure of this molecule eluded chemists until 1865 when Friedrich August Kekulé proposed that it consisted of a hexagonal ring with a carbon atom at each vertex.
		Every student of Organic Chemistry has heard the story of how the structure appeared to Kekulé in a dream in which he saw chains of carbon atoms dancing in circles like a snake chasing its own tail.
		In fact, it might be considered "the mother of all carcinogens," as a large number of carcinogens have structures that include benzene rings.
	www.physics.sfsu.edu /~mugawa/molecule.html (170 words)

	The Ring Structure On The Cohomology Of Coordinate Subspace Arrangements - De Longueville (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Ring Structure On The Cohomology Of Coordinate Subspace Arrangements (1999)
		Here we derive, by combinatorial means, the ring structure on the integral cohomology in terms of...
		M.De Longueville, The ring structure on the cohomology of coordinate subspace arrangements, preprint, 1998.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /222767.html (416 words)

	BLDGBLOG: Ring-structure and the vortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"A vortex ring forms when a very quick burst of fluid shoots out of an opening," Freud writes – er, this article tells us.
		“Protection structures against snow avalanches in Iceland memory”
		The Poetic Structure of the World by Fernand Hallyn
	bldgblog.blogspot.com /2006/05/ring-structure-and-vortex.html (414 words)

	NASA Cassini Radio Signals Decipher Saturn Ring Structure \| Saturn Today - Your Daily Source of Saturn News
		The origin of Saturn's rings is a mystery. The rings are an enormous, complex structure.
		From edge-to-edge, the ring system would not even fit in the distance between Earth and the Moon. The seven main rings are labeled in the order they were discovered. From the planet outward, they are D, C, B, A, F, G and E.
		Cassini also detected more than 40 wavy features called "density waves" in ring A, many near its outer region, close to the moons orbiting just outside the ring. The density wave observations will tell more about the ring surface mass density, its vertical thickness and other physical properties.
	www.saturntoday.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=16934 (834 words)

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